PostgreSQL 客户端安装配置与毗连演示
https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/4fe2730cee12a34a80e2c11f737d9f30.gif作者 | JiekeXu
来源 |公众号 JiekeXu DBA之路（ID: JiekeXu_IT）
如需转载请接洽授权 | (个人微信 ID：JiekeXu_DBA)
各人好，我是 JiekeXu,江湖人称“强哥”，荣获 Oracle ACE Pro 称号，墨天轮 MVP，墨天轮年度“墨力之星”，拥有 Oracle OCP/OCM 认证,MySQL 5.7/8.0 OCP 认证以及 PCA、PCTA、OBCA、OGCA、KCP 等众多国产数据库认证证书,今天和各人一起来看看PostgreSQL 客户端安装配置与毗连演示,欢迎点击最上方蓝字“JiekeXu DBA之路”关注我的微信公众号，然后点击右上方三个点“设为星标”置顶，更多干货文章才能第一时间推送，谢谢！
前 言
上周五将近下班的时间，接到一个需求帮助，问怎么在内网情况的 Linux 上离线安装 PostgreSQL 客户端访问另一套 PG 主备库。原客户的问题比力模糊，转述给我的也就是如许的需求，不知道是需要类似 psql 照旧类似 pgadmin 可图形化的工具，这里惯性思维以为 Linux 下就应该黑白图形化命令行界面，那么也就按照这个思绪往下走了。
正 文
PostgreSQL 是一个发展了 20 多年的强大的开源关系型数据库，它支持多种客户端工具，这些工具可以帮助我们更方便地毗连、管理和操作 PostgreSQL 数据库。以下是常用的 PostgreSQL 客户端工具：
PG 常用客户端工具
https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/cea06fd15344f3b75511afd8fcf78a57.png
https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/d6e2c76f44b320e96f0b7654905e17b9.png
psql 命令行工具
我们都知道当安装完 PostgreSQL 之后，我们便可以通过 psql 客户端工具登录到数据库实例，比如增编削查，创建数据库等一些数据库管理操作。但是如果需要远程通过 A 主机访问 B 主机上的数据库实例，那么 A 主机则必须要有客户端才可访问，所以则需要安装上面提到的任一客户端工具。
由于前面的需求是 Linux 主机，无图形界面的话，起首想到的则是 psql 客户端工具，但由于 PG 官方现在好像没有提供单独的 psql 安装包，我们则可以选择编译安装二进制服务包来达到目的，说干就干。
[*]下载软件包
https://www.postgresql.org/ftp/source/
--我们选择 2023 年发布的 pg14.9，注意不用太新，否则 OS 不支持编译安装报错
postgresql-14.9.tar.gz
[*]创建 postgre 用户
groupadd postgres
useradd -g postgres postgres
echo "postgres" |passwd --stdin postgres
密码:postgres
[*]yum 源安装 rpm 包
--测试 yum 源
yum repolist
yum -y install coreutils glib2 lrzsz mpstat dstatsysstat e4fsprogs xfsprogs ntp readline-devel zlib-devel openssl-develpam-devel libxml2-devel libxslt-devel python-devel tcl-devel gcc makesmartmontools flex bison perl-devel perl-Ext Utils* openldap-devel jadetex openjade bzip2
[*]解压软件包
su - postgres
mkdir pgdata
tar xvf /var/lib/pgsql/postgresql-14.9.tar.bz2-C /var/lib/pgsql
[*]编译
cd postgresql-14.9/
./configure --prefix=/var/lib/pgsql/pgdata--with-perl--with-python
--看到如下代码则 configure 完成
checking Python.h usability... yes
checking Python.h presence... yes
checking for Python.h... yes
checking for xmllint... /bin/xmllint
checking for xsltproc... /bin/xsltproc
checking for fop... no
checking for dbtoepub... no
checking whether gcc -std=gnu99 supports -Wl,--as-needed... yes
configure: using compiler=gcc (GCC) 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44)
configure: using CFLAGS=-Wall -Wmissing-prototypes -Wpointer-arith -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Werror=vla -Wendif-labels -Wmissing-format-attribute -Wformat-security -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -fexcess-precision=standard -O2
configure: using CPPFLAGS= -D_GNU_SOURCE
configure: using LDFLAGS=-Wl,--as-needed
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating GNUmakefile
config.status: creating src/Makefile.global
config.status: creating src/include/pg_config.h
config.status: creating src/include/pg_config_ext.h
config.status: creating src/interfaces/ecpg/include/ecpg_config.h
config.status: linking src/backend/port/tas/dummy.s to src/backend/port/tas.s
config.status: linking src/backend/port/posix_sema.c to src/backend/port/pg_sema.c
config.status: linking src/backend/port/sysv_shmem.c to src/backend/port/pg_shmem.c
config.status: linking src/include/port/linux.h to src/include/pg_config_os.h
config.status: linking src/makefiles/Makefile.linux to src/Makefile.porthttps://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/38abf458d0ecfc954474c7bb989d0948.png
接着执行 gmake world 完成编译
-bash-4.2$ gmake world
gmake -C ./src/backend generated-headers
gmake: Entering directory `/var/lib/pgsql/postgresql-14.9/src/backend'
gmake -C catalog distprep generated-header-symlinks
gmake: Entering directory `/var/lib/pgsql/postgresql-14.9/src/backend/catalog'
gmake: Nothing to be done for `distprep'.
prereqdir=`cd './' >/dev/null && pwd` && \
--看到有如下代码则表示编译完成
gmake: Leaving directory `/var/lib/pgsql/postgresql-14.9/contrib/jsonb_plperl'
gmake -C hstore_plpython all
gmake: Entering directory `/var/lib/pgsql/postgresql-14.9/contrib/hstore_plpython'
gcc -std=gnu99 -Wall -Wmissing-prototypes -Wpointer-arith -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Werror=vla -Wendif-labels -Wmissing-format-attribute -Wformat-security -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -fexcess-precision=standard -O2 -fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.7 -DPLPYTHON_LIBNAME='"plpython2"' -I../../src/pl/plpython -I../../contrib -I. -I. -I../../src/include-D_GNU_SOURCE -c -o hstore_plpython.o hstore_plpython.c
gcc -std=gnu99 -Wall -Wmissing-prototypes -Wpointer-arith -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Werror=vla -Wendif-labels -Wmissing-format-attribute -Wformat-security -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -fexcess-precision=standard -O2 -fPIC -shared -o hstore_plpython2.sohstore_plpython.o -L../../src/port -L../../src/common -Wl,--as-needed -Wl,-rpath,'/usr/lib64',--enable-new-dtags -L/usr/lib64 -lpython2.7 -lpthread -ldl-lutil -lm
gmake: Leaving directory `/var/lib/pgsql/postgresql-14.9/contrib/hstore_plpython'
gmake -C jsonb_plpython all
gmake: Entering directory `/var/lib/pgsql/postgresql-14.9/contrib/jsonb_plpython'
gcc -std=gnu99 -Wall -Wmissing-prototypes -Wpointer-arith -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Werror=vla -Wendif-labels -Wmissing-format-attribute -Wformat-security -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -fexcess-precision=standard -O2 -fPIC -I../../src/pl/plpython -I/usr/include/python2.7 -DPLPYTHON_LIBNAME='"plpython2"' -I. -I. -I../../src/include-D_GNU_SOURCE -c -o jsonb_plpython.o jsonb_plpython.c
gcc -std=gnu99 -Wall -Wmissing-prototypes -Wpointer-arith -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Werror=vla -Wendif-labels -Wmissing-format-attribute -Wformat-security -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -fexcess-precision=standard -O2 -fPIC -shared -o jsonb_plpython2.sojsonb_plpython.o -L../../src/port -L../../src/common -Wl,--as-needed -Wl,-rpath,'/usr/lib64',--enable-new-dtags -L/usr/lib64 -lpython2.7 -lpthread -ldl-lutil -lm
gmake: Leaving directory `/var/lib/pgsql/postgresql-14.9/contrib/jsonb_plpython'
gmake -C ltree_plpython all
gmake: Entering directory `/var/lib/pgsql/postgresql-14.9/contrib/ltree_plpython'
gcc -std=gnu99 -Wall -Wmissing-prototypes -Wpointer-arith -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Werror=vla -Wendif-labels -Wmissing-format-attribute -Wformat-security -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -fexcess-precision=standard -O2 -fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.7 -DPLPYTHON_LIBNAME='"plpython2"' -I../../src/pl/plpython -I../../contrib -I. -I. -I../../src/include-D_GNU_SOURCE -c -o ltree_plpython.o ltree_plpython.c
gcc -std=gnu99 -Wall -Wmissing-prototypes -Wpointer-arith -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Werror=vla -Wendif-labels -Wmissing-format-attribute -Wformat-security -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -fexcess-precision=standard -O2 -fPIC -shared -o ltree_plpython2.soltree_plpython.o -L../../src/port -L../../src/common -Wl,--as-needed -Wl,-rpath,'/usr/lib64',--enable-new-dtags -L/usr/lib64 -lpython2.7 -lpthread -ldl-lutil -lm
gmake: Leaving directory `/var/lib/pgsql/postgresql-14.9/contrib/ltree_plpython'
gmake: Leaving directory `/var/lib/pgsql/postgresql-14.9/contrib'https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/7c8b3e14a8925f33b73f9dd02afdc1d2.png
可以选择编译安装包罗扩展包和文档
gmake install-world//包含扩展包和文档
--看到有 extension 关键字有如下代码则表示编译完成
/bin/install -c -m 644 ./hstore_plpythonu.control ./hstore_plpython2u.control ./hstore_plpython3u.control '/var/lib/pgsql/pgdata/share/extension/'
/bin/install -c -m 644 ./hstore_plpythonu--1.0.sql ./hstore_plpython2u--1.0.sql ./hstore_plpython3u--1.0.sql'/var/lib/pgsql/pgdata/share/extension/'
gmake: Leaving directory `/var/lib/pgsql/postgresql-14.9/contrib/hstore_plpython'
gmake -C jsonb_plpython install
gmake: Entering directory `/var/lib/pgsql/postgresql-14.9/contrib/jsonb_plpython'
/bin/mkdir -p '/var/lib/pgsql/pgdata/lib'
/bin/mkdir -p '/var/lib/pgsql/pgdata/share/extension'
/bin/mkdir -p '/var/lib/pgsql/pgdata/share/extension'
/bin/install -c -m 755jsonb_plpython2.so '/var/lib/pgsql/pgdata/lib/jsonb_plpython2.so'
/bin/install -c -m 644 ./jsonb_plpythonu.control ./jsonb_plpython2u.control ./jsonb_plpython3u.control '/var/lib/pgsql/pgdata/share/extension/'
/bin/install -c -m 644 ./jsonb_plpythonu--1.0.sql ./jsonb_plpython2u--1.0.sql ./jsonb_plpython3u--1.0.sql'/var/lib/pgsql/pgdata/share/extension/'
gmake: Leaving directory `/var/lib/pgsql/postgresql-14.9/contrib/jsonb_plpython'
gmake -C ltree_plpython install
gmake: Entering directory `/var/lib/pgsql/postgresql-14.9/contrib/ltree_plpython'
/bin/mkdir -p '/var/lib/pgsql/pgdata/lib'
/bin/mkdir -p '/var/lib/pgsql/pgdata/share/extension'
/bin/mkdir -p '/var/lib/pgsql/pgdata/share/extension'
/bin/install -c -m 755ltree_plpython2.so '/var/lib/pgsql/pgdata/lib/ltree_plpython2.so'
/bin/install -c -m 644 ./ltree_plpythonu.control ./ltree_plpython2u.control ./ltree_plpython3u.control '/var/lib/pgsql/pgdata/share/extension/'
/bin/install -c -m 644 ./ltree_plpythonu--1.0.sql ./ltree_plpython2u--1.0.sql ./ltree_plpython3u--1.0.sql'/var/lib/pgsql/pgdata/share/extension/'
gmake: Leaving directory `/var/lib/pgsql/postgresql-14.9/contrib/ltree_plpython'
gmake: Leaving directory `/var/lib/pgsql/postgresql-14.9/contrib'https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/02de6870cd7e8dfd55a3c2e2988b34d4.png
编译完成后，则会在 pgdata 的 bin 目次下面天生我们需要的可执行文件，如下所示，包罗 psql 在内的很多 PG 工具的可执行文件，我们可通过这里的 psql 可执行步伐登录到远程的 PG 实例。
-bash-4.2$ ll
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 2 postgres postgres 4096 Nov2 01:35 bin
drwxr-xr-x 6 postgres postgres 4096 Nov2 01:35 include
drwxr-xr-x 4 postgres postgres 4096 Nov2 01:35 lib
drwxr-xr-x 8 postgres postgres 4096 Nov2 01:35 share
-bash-4.2$ pwd
/var/lib/pgsql/pgdata
-bash-4.2$ cd bin
-bash-4.2$ ll psql
-rwxr-xr-x 1 postgres postgres 656808 Nov2 01:35 psql
-bash-4.2$ ls
clusterdb ecpg pg_basebackup pg_ctl pg_recvlogicalpg_test_timing postmaster
createdb initdb pgbench pg_dump pg_resetwal pg_upgrade psql
createuseroid2name pg_checksums pg_dumpall pg_restore pg_verifybackupreindexdb
dropdb pg_amcheck pg_config pg_isready pg_rewind pg_waldump vacuumdb
dropuser pg_archivecleanuppg_controldatapg_receivewalpg_test_fsync postgres vacuumlo如下所示，通过远程 psql 登录访问则和本机操作无二，我们通过 14.9 的客户端访问了我远程 13.12 的数据库实例，值得留意的是，远程实例需要在 pg_ha.conf 开放访问权限，以及相应的用户也需要有毗连权限才可以。
https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/3de704ce4c5ba31beb748f5d4395046b.png
$ cat pg_hba.conf| grep -A2 IPv4
# an integer (between 0 and 32 (IPv4) or 128 (IPv6) inclusive) that
# specifies the number of significant bits in the mask.A host name
# that starts with a dot (.) matches a suffix of the actual host name.
--
# IPv4 local connections:
host all all 127.0.0.1/32 scram-sha-256
host all all 192.168.75.0/24 trust
$ pwd
/var/lib/pgsql/13/datapgAdmin 工具
pgAdmin也是我们常用的PG客户端工具，在 Win10 情况下，这个工具用起来着实是特别的随手，但要是这个需求放在 Linux 情况下，安装使用 pgAdmin 4 照旧很困难的。当我通过可上网的情况下载 rpm 包安装 pgadmin4 是报错 404 网页找不到，不太懂这是不是我的问题(我这里使用的 X64 的 centos7.6，OS 大概会自带 PostgreSQL9.2.24，别的 yum 源使用的是阿里云源 mirrors.aliyun.com，希望有看到的大佬解惑)，那么这条路走不通了，我们换条路吧。
https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/6a1d6c75c4a25950e062fee1fa62ddc9.png
rpm -i https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/pgadmin/pgadmin4/yum/pgadmin4-redhat-repo-2-1.noarch.rpm
yum install pgadmin4
pgadmin4 35B/s | 146B 00:04
Errors during downloading metadata for repository 'pgAdmin4':
- Status code: 404 for https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/pgadmin/pgadmin4/yum/redhat/redhat-8-x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml (IP: 72.32.157.246)
Error: Failed to download metadata for repo 'pgAdmin4': Cannot download repomd.xml: Cannot download repodata/repomd.xml: All mirrors were triedhttps://www.pgadmin.org/download/pgadmin-4-python/DBeaver 图形化工具
DBeaver 是一个多数据库管理工具，支持 Windows、macOS 和 Linux 平台，开源免费，界面简洁，支持 SQL 编辑、数据浏览、模式计划等等，所以通过官方网站下载到安装包 dbeaver-ce-24.2.3-stable.x86_64.rpm
https://dbeaver.io/download/
rpm -ivh dbeaver-ce-24.2.3-stable.x86_64.rpm如果第一次使用，需要开启图形化界面，且可联网下载驱动。
https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/9dfde9b62b8820eed8d091be131faceb.png
# dbeaver
> Start Eclipse Jobs Mechanism
> Start Equinox Java Authentication and Authorization Service (JAAS)
> Start DBeaver Application Standalone
> Start Eclipse IDE UI Application
2024-11-11 23:55:16.950 - Error parsing command line: Unrecognized option: --launcher.additionalVmargs
> Start Eclipse IDE UI
> Start DBeaver Model Registry
> Start jna
> Start DBeaver UI
> Start Expression Language
> Start DBeaver Usage Statistics
> Start DBeaver Desktop Application Core
2024-11-11 23:55:17.118 - Initialize desktop platform...
2024-11-11 23:55:17.212 - BounceCastle bundle found. Use JCE provider BC
> Start Core File Systems
> Start Core Resource Management
> Start Team Support Core
> Start DBeaver UI Navigator
2024-11-11 23:55:17.380 - Initialize base platform...
> Start DBeaver UI Editors - Base
2024-11-11 23:55:17.410 - Platform initialized (292ms)
2024-11-11 23:55:17.416 - DBeaver 24.2.3.202410221007 is starting
2024-11-11 23:55:17.417 - OS: Linux 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 (amd64)
2024-11-11 23:55:17.417 - Java version: 17.0.6 by Eclipse Adoptium (64bit)
2024-11-11 23:55:17.417 - Install path: '/usr/share/dbeaver-ce'
2024-11-11 23:55:17.417 - Instance path: 'file:/root/.local/share/DBeaverData/workspace6/'
2024-11-11 23:55:17.418 - Memory available 64Mb/1024Mb
2024-11-11 23:55:17.435 - Create display
2024-11-11 23:55:17.855 - Starting instance server at http://localhost:30939
2024-11-11 23:55:17.862 - Run workbench
> Start Eclipse e4 Workbench SWT
> Start Eclipse Application Services
> Start Eclipse UI Application Services
> Start Eclipse e4 Progress View
> Start Eclipse Bindings Support
> Start Eclipse e4 core commands
> Start EMF XML/XMI Persistence
> Start Eclipse CSS SWT Theme Support
> Start Eclipse e4 Workbench Add-ons
> Start Eclipse e4 Workbench SWT Renderer
> Start Eclipse Dependency Injection Extensions
> Start Eclipse CSS SWT Support
> Start Default Text Editor
> Start Text Editor Framework
2024-11-11 23:55:20.136 - Configure workbench window
> Start DBeaver SQL Model
2024-11-11 23:55:20.301 - Total database drivers: 119 (119)
> Start Help System Core
2024-11-11 23:55:20.361 - Create actions
2024-11-11 23:55:20.374 - Disable Eclipse action set 'org.eclipse.ui.edit.text.actionSet.annotationNavigation'
2024-11-11 23:55:20.375 - Disable Eclipse action set 'org.eclipse.ui.WorkingSetActionSet'
2024-11-11 23:55:20.376 - Disable Eclipse action set 'org.eclipse.ui.actionSet.openFiles'
2024-11-11 23:55:20.376 - Create workbench actions
2024-11-11 23:55:20.867 - Initialize workbench window
2024-11-11 23:55:20.868 - Error parsing command line: Unrecognized option: --launcher.additionalVmargs
2024-11-11 23:55:20.873 - Finish initialization
> Start Internet Connection Management UI
> Start Internet Connection Management
> Start DBeaver UI Editors - Data
> Start DBeaver UI Editors - SQL
> Start DBeaver Sample Database
> Start DBeaver Tip of the day
> Start GEF Classic Draw2d
> Start GEF Classic GEF (MVC)
> Start DBeaver ERD UI
> Start DBeaver ERD Model
> Start DBeaver Dashboard UI
(DBeaver:8107): Gtk-CRITICAL **: 23:55:23.634: gtk_box_gadget_distribute: assertion 'size >= 0' failed in GtkScrollbarPython 毗连 PG
Psycopg 是 Python 编程语言中最流行的 PostgreSQL 适配器，其核心是 Python DB API 2.0 规范的完整实现。一些扩展允许访问 PostgreSQL 提供的很多功能。
https://www.psycopg.org/
https://www.postgresql.org/download/products/2-drivers-and-interfaces/Psycopg 现在有两个大版本，Psycopg2 和 Psycopg3，Psycopg2 另有两种类型的包(psycopg2 和 psycopg2-binary)，此中 psycopg2-binary 相当于绿色版，不需要编译，是为了初学者用 Python 快速和 PostgreSQL 举行毗连而用的，对于生产情况，建议编译安装使用psycopg2。Psycopg 是 Python 编程语言的 PostgreSQL 适配器。它是一个 libpq 的包装器，这是官方的 PostgreSQL 客户端库。
安装 psycopg2 的三个先决条件：
[*]从 3.8 到 3.13 的 Python 版本
[*]PostgreSQL 服务器版本从 7.4 到 17
[*]PostgreSQL 客户端库版本从 9.1 开始
因 Linux7 体系自带 Python2，通过 yum install python3 只是 python3.6.8 版本.
yum install perl-Env zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gcc make libffi-devel python3 -y
yum -y install coreutils glib2 lrzsz mpstat dstatsysstat e4fsprogs xfsprogs ntp readline-devel zlib-devel openssl-develpam-devel libxml2-devel libxslt-devel python3-devel tcl-devel gcc makesmartmontools flex bison perl-devel perl-Ext Utils* openldap-devel jadetex openjade bzip2
yum install libpq-dev*
pip3 install -U pip
pip3 install psycopg2-binarypsycopg2 需要 C、python3-devel、libpq-dev* 依赖包。
In order to perform a local installation you need some prerequisites:
[*]a C compiler,
[*]Python development headers (e.g. the python3-dev package).
[*]PostgreSQL client development headers (e.g. the libpq-dev package).
[*]The pg_config program available in the PATH.
# pip3 install psycopg2-binary
WARNING: pip is being invoked by an old script wrapper. This will fail in a future version of pip.
Please see https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/5599 for advice on fixing the underlying issue.
To avoid this problem you can invoke Python with '-m pip' instead of running pip directly.
Collecting psycopg2-binary
Using cached psycopg2-binary-2.9.8.tar.gz (383 kB)
Preparing metadata (setup.py) ... done
Using legacy 'setup.py install' for psycopg2-binary, since package 'wheel' is not installed.
Installing collected packages: psycopg2-binary
Running setup.py install for psycopg2-binary ... done
Successfully installed psycopg2-binary-2.9.8
## py 导入包 psycopg2
# python3
Python 3.6.8 (default, Oct5 2022, 16:22:51)
on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>
>>> import psycopg2
>>> conn = psycopg2.connect(host="192.168.75.11", port="54321", database="postgres", user="postgres", password="postgres")
>>> cur = conn.cursor()
>>> cur.execute("select now()")
>>> print(cur.fetchone())
2024-11-13 00:22:25.910934+08:00
>>>我们也可以直接编写一个 python 脚本，然后运行测试毗连。
# vim py_connect_pg.py
import psycopg2
conn = psycopg2.connect(host="192.168.75.11", port="54321", database="postgres", user="postgres", password="postgres")
# 建立游标用来执行数据库操作
cur = conn.cursor()
# 执行一些 SQL 命令，如下仅是演示
cur.execute("select inet_server_addr(),pg_is_in_recovery(),current_database(),current_user")
# 获取 SELECT 返回的元组
rows = cur.fetchall()
for row in rows:
print('inet_server_addr: ' + str(row))
print('pg_is_in_recovery: ' + str(row))
print('current_database: ' + row)
print('current_user: ' + row)
cur.close()
conn.close()
# python3 py_connect_pg.py
inet_server_addr: 192.168.75.11
pg_is_in_recovery: False
current_database: postgres
current_user: postgresJDBC 毗连串示例
示例一：
String url = "jdbc:postgresql://localhost/test";
Properties props = new Properties();
props.setProperty("user", "fred");
props.setProperty("password", "secret");
props.setProperty("ssl", "true");
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, props);
示例二：
String url = "jdbc:postgresql://localhost/test?user=fred&password=secret&ssl=true";
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url);
示例三：
Properties props = new Properties();
props.setProperty("options", "-c search_path=test,public,pg_catalog -c statement_timeout=90000");
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, props);
String url = "jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/postgres?options=-c%20search_path=test,public,pg_catalog%20-c%20statement_timeout=90000";
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url);总 结
选择符合的 PostgreSQL 客户端工具取决于你的具体需求，包罗操作体系、使用习惯、功能需求和预算等因素。对于初学者和一样平常使用，保举使用 psql 和 pgAdmin，它们分别提供了强大的命令行和图形界面支持。对于开发人员，DBeaver 和 DataGrip 是不错的选择，由于它们提供了丰富的开发辅助功能。
参考链接
https://www.postgresql.org/ftp/source/
https://www.pgadmin.org/download/
https://www.pgadmin.org/download/pgadmin-4-rpm/
https://dbeaver.io/download/
https://jdbc.postgresql.org/documentation/use/
https://www.psycopg.org/docs/install.html
https://www.postgresql.org/download/products/2-drivers-and-interfaces/全文完，希望可以帮到正在阅读的你，如果以为有帮助，可以分享给你身边的朋友，同事，你关心谁就分享给谁，一起学习共同进步~~~
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