Nginx 安装配置
Nginx安装配置详解、Nginx配置https反向代理示例Nginx 安装
软硬件环境：CentOS 7.6_64位
安装依赖环境
yum -y install make zlib zlib-devel gcc-c++ libtool openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel查看pcre版本
# pcre-config --version安装Nginx
[*]下载Nginx安装包：手动从官网地址 nginx: download，下载安装包上传至服务器目录或者采用如下命令
# cd /usr/local/src/
# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.22.0.tar.gz
[*]解压安装包
# tar zxvf nginx-1.22.0.tar.gz
[*]进入安装目录执行配置命令创建makefile文件
# cd nginx-1.22.0
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_v2_module \
--with-pcre注1：\ 代表在命令行中换行，用于提高可读性
注2：configure参数官方说明：Building nginx from Sources
部分模块说明：（后续可以根据需要依据此参数增减模块）
http_ssl_module：用于支持https
http_v2_module：用于支持HTTP/2
配置结果：
Configuration summary
+ using system PCRE library
+ using system OpenSSL library
+ using system zlib library
nginx path prefix: "/usr/local/nginx"
nginx binary file: "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
nginx modules path: "/usr/local/nginx/modules"
nginx configuration prefix: "/usr/local/nginx/conf"
nginx configuration file: "/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
nginx pid file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
nginx error log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log"
nginx http access log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log"
nginx http client request body temporary files: "client_body_temp"
nginx http proxy temporary files: "proxy_temp"
nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "fastcgi_temp"
nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "uwsgi_temp"
nginx http scgi temporary files: "scgi_temp"
[*]编译安装
# make && make install
[*]查看Nginx版本
# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V至此，安装完成。
Nginx 配置
使用NGINXConfig完成配置工作。
NGINXConfig是一个在线的可视化的Nginx配置工具，地址：NGINXConfig | DigitalOcean
使用配置方法：
[*]进入你的 NGINX服务器上的配置目录:
cd /usr/local/nginx/conf
[*]创建当前NGINX配置的备份:
tar -czvf nginx_$(date +'%F_%H-%M-%S').tar.gz nginx.conf sites-available/ sites-enabled/ nginxconfig.io/
[*]使用tar解压新的配置文件（从NGINXConfig上下载）
tar -xzvf nginxconfig.io-example.com.tar.gz | xargs chmod 0644
[*]服务器上运行此命令生成Diffie-Hellman keys:
openssl dhparam -out /usr/local/nginx/conf/dhparam.pem 2048
[*]重新加载NGINX以载入新的配置:
sudo nginx -t && sudo systemctl reload nginx
https的反向代理配置示例
单应用的https反向代理，采用模块化配置方法：Nginx配置示例
示例的具体配置文件内容如下：
[*]/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
# Generated by nginxconfig.io
# See nginxconfig.txt for the configuration share link
user root;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
worker_processes auto;
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
# Load modules
include /usr/local/nginx/conf/modules-enabled/*.conf;
events {
multi_accept on;
worker_connections 65535;
}
http {
charset utf-8;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
server_tokens off;
log_not_found off;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
types_hash_bucket_size 64;
client_max_body_size 16M;
# MIME
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
# Logging
access_log logs/access.log;
error_log logs/error.log warn;
# SSL
ssl_session_timeout 1d;
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
ssl_session_tickets off;
# Diffie-Hellman parameter for DHE ciphersuites
ssl_dhparam /usr/local/nginx/conf/dhparam.pem;
# Mozilla Intermediate configuration
ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
ssl_ciphers ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384;
# OCSP Stapling
ssl_stapling on;
ssl_stapling_verify on;
resolver 1.1.1.1 1.0.0.1 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 208.67.222.222 208.67.220.220 valid=60s;
resolver_timeout 2s;
# Connection header for WebSocket reverse proxy
map $http_upgrade $connection_upgrade {
default upgrade;
"" close;
}
map $remote_addr $proxy_forwarded_elem {
# IPv4 addresses can be sent as-is
~^+$ "for=$remote_addr";
# IPv6 addresses need to be bracketed and quoted
~^+$ "for=\"[$remote_addr]\"";
# Unix domain socket names cannot be represented in RFC 7239 syntax
default "for=unknown";
}
map $http_forwarded $proxy_add_forwarded {
# If the incoming Forwarded header is syntactically valid, append to it
"~^(,[ \\t]*)*([!#$%&'*+.^_`|~0-9A-Za-z-]+=([!#$%&'*+.^_`|~0-9A-Za-z-]+|\"([\\t \\x21\\x23-\\x5B\\x5D-\\x7E\\x80-\\xFF]|\\\\[\\t \\x21-\\x7E\\x80-\\xFF])*\"))?(;([!#$%&'*+.^_`|~0-9A-Za-z-]+=([!#$%&'*+.^_`|~0-9A-Za-z-]+|\"([\\t \\x21\\x23-\\x5B\\x5D-\\x7E\\x80-\\xFF]|\\\\[\\t \\x21-\\x7E\\x80-\\xFF])*\"))?)*([ \\t]*,([ \\t]*([!#$%&'*+.^_`|~0-9A-Za-z-]+=([!#$%&'*+.^_`|~0-9A-Za-z-]+|\"([\\t \\x21\\x23-\\x5B\\x5D-\\x7E\\x80-\\xFF]|\\\\[\\t \\x21-\\x7E\\x80-\\xFF])*\"))?(;([!#$%&'*+.^_`|~0-9A-Za-z-]+=([!#$%&'*+.^_`|~0-9A-Za-z-]+|\"([\\t \\x21\\x23-\\x5B\\x5D-\\x7E\\x80-\\xFF]|\\\\[\\t \\x21-\\x7E\\x80-\\xFF])*\"))?)*)?)*$" "$http_forwarded, $proxy_forwarded_elem";
# Otherwise, replace it
default "$proxy_forwarded_elem";
}
# Load configs
include /usr/local/nginx/conf/conf.d/*.conf;
include /usr/local/nginx/conf/sites-enabled/*;
}
[*]/usr/local/nginx/conf/sites-enabled/example.com.conf
server {
listen 443 ssl;
listen [::]:443 ssl;
server_name example.com;
# SSL
ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/conf/ssl/example.com.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/conf/ssl/example.com.key;
# security
include nginxconfig.io/security.conf;
# logging
access_log logs/example.com.access.log;
error_log logs/example.com.error.log warn;
# reverse proxy
location / {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3000;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
include nginxconfig.io/proxy.conf;
}
# additional config
include nginxconfig.io/general.conf;
}
# HTTP redirect
server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
server_name example.com;
return 301 https://example.com$request_uri;
}
[*]/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginxconfig.io/security.conf
# security headers
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;
add_header X-Content-Type-Options"nosniff" always;
add_header Referrer-Policy "no-referrer-when-downgrade" always;
add_header Content-Security-Policy "default-src 'self' http: https: ws: wss: data: blob: 'unsafe-inline'; frame-ancestors 'self';" always;
add_header Permissions-Policy "interest-cohort=()" always;
# . files
location ~ /\.(?!well-known) {
deny all;
}
[*]/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginxconfig.io/general.conf
# favicon.ico
location = /favicon.ico {
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
}
# robots.txt
location = /robots.txt {
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
}
# gzip
gzip on;
gzip_vary on;
gzip_proxied any;
gzip_comp_level 6;
gzip_types text/plain text/css text/xml application/json application/javascript application/rss+xml application/atom+xml image/svg+xml;
[*]/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginxconfig.io/proxy.conf
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_cache_bypass $http_upgrade;
# Proxy SSL
proxy_ssl_server_name on;
# Proxy headers
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
proxy_set_header Connection $connection_upgrade;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header Forwarded $proxy_add_forwarded;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host$host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Port$server_port;
# Proxy timeouts
proxy_connect_timeout 60s;
proxy_send_timeout 60s;
proxy_read_timeout 60s;
[*]/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginxconfig.txt
https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tools/nginx?domains.0.server.documentRoot=%2Fnccloud&domains.0.server.redirectSubdomains=false&domains.0.https.http2=false&domains.0.https.hsts=false&domains.0.https.certType=custom&domains.0.php.php=false&domains.0.reverseProxy.reverseProxy=true&domains.0.routing.root=false&domains.0.routing.index=index.html&domains.0.routing.fallbackHtml=true&domains.0.logging.accessLog=true&domains.0.logging.errorLog=true&global.logging.accessLog=logs%2Faccess.log&global.logging.errorLog=logs%2Ferror.log%20warn&global.nginx.nginxConfigDirectory=%2Fusr%2Flocal%2Fnginx%2Fconf%2F&global.nginx.user=root&global.tools.symlinkVhost=false&global.app.lang=zhCN检查配置文件正确性
# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -tNginx 启停
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx # 启动 Nginx
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload # 重新载入配置文件
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reopen # 重启 Nginx
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop # 停止 Nginx
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