flask学习2-应用（博客）
项目目次/home/user/Projects/flask-tutorial
├── flaskr/
│ ├── __init__.py
│ ├── db.py
│ ├── schema.sql
│ ├── auth.py
│ ├── blog.py
│ ├── templates/
│ │ ├── base.html
│ │ ├── auth/
│ │ │ ├── login.html
│ │ │ └── register.html
│ │ └── blog/
│ │ ├── create.html
│ │ ├── index.html
│ │ └── update.html
│ └── static/
│ └── style.css
├── tests/
│ ├── conftest.py
│ ├── data.sql
│ ├── test_factory.py
│ ├── test_db.py
│ ├── test_auth.py
│ └── test_blog.py
├── .venv/
├── pyproject.toml
└── MANIFEST.in
[*] .gitignore
.venv/
*.pyc
__pycache__/
instance/
.pytest_cache/
.coverage
htmlcov/
dist/
build/
*.egg-info/
应用程序工厂
mkdir flaskr
flaskr/__init__.py
import os
from flask import Flask
def create_app(test_config=None):
# create and configure the app
app = Flask(__name__, instance_relative_config=True)
app.config.from_mapping(
SECRET_KEY='dev',
DATABASE=os.path.join(app.instance_path, 'flaskr.sqlite'),
)
if test_config is None:
# load the instance config, if it exists, when not testing
app.config.from_pyfile('config.py', silent=True)
else:
# load the test config if passed in
app.config.from_mapping(test_config)
# ensure the instance folder exists
try:
os.makedirs(app.instance_path)
except OSError:
pass
# a simple page that says hello
@app.route('/hello')
def hello():
return 'Hello, World!'
return app
[*] 在flask-tutorial中实验flask --app flaskr run --debug
[*] http://127.0.0.1:5000/hello
毗连到数据库
[*] flaskr/db.py
import sqlite3
from datetime import datetime
import click
from flask import current_app, g
def get_db():
if 'db' not in g:
g.db = sqlite3.connect(
current_app.config['DATABASE'],
detect_types=sqlite3.PARSE_DECLTYPES
)
g.db.row_factory = sqlite3.Row
return g.db
def close_db(e=None):
db = g.pop('db', None)
if db is not None:
db.close()
def init_db():
db = get_db()
with current_app.open_resource('schema.sql') as f:
db.executescript(f.read().decode('utf8'))
@click.command('init-db')
def init_db_command():
"""Clear the existing data and create new tables."""
init_db()
click.echo('Initialized the database.')
sqlite3.register_converter(
"timestamp", lambda v: datetime.fromisoformat(v.decode())
)
# 注册应用程序
def init_app(app):
app.teardown_appcontext(close_db)
app.cli.add_command(init_db_command)
建表
[*] flaskr/schema.sql
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS user;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS post;
CREATE TABLE user (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
username TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
password TEXT NOT NULL
);
CREATE TABLE post (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
author_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
created TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
title TEXT NOT NULL,
body TEXT NOT NULL,
FOREIGN KEY (author_id) REFERENCES user (id)
);
[*] flaskr/init.py
def create_app():
app = ...
# existing code omitted
from . import db
db.init_app(app)
return app
[*] 初始化数据库文件
$ flask --app flaskr init-db
Initialized the database.
蓝图和视图
[*]Flaskr 将有两个蓝图，一个用于身份验证函数，另一个 一个用于博客文章功能
flaskr/auth.py
import functools
from flask import (
Blueprint, flash, g, redirect, render_template, request, session, url_for
)
from werkzeug.security import check_password_hash, generate_password_hash
from flaskr.db import get_db
bp = Blueprint('auth', __name__, url_prefix='/auth')
flaskr/init.py 注册身份验证
def create_app():
app = ...
# existing code omitted
from . import auth
app.register_blueprint(auth.bp)
return app
第一个视图：注册
flaskr/auth.py
注册
@bp.route('/register', methods=('GET', 'POST'))
def register():
if request.method == 'POST':
username = request.form['username']
password = request.form['password']
db = get_db()
error = None
if not username:
error = 'Username is required.'
elif not password:
error = 'Password is required.'
if error is None:
try:
db.execute(
"INSERT INTO user (username, password) VALUES (?, ?)",
(username, generate_password_hash(password)),
)
db.commit()
except db.IntegrityError:
error = f"User {username} is already registered."
else:
return redirect(url_for("auth.login"))
flash(error)
return render_template('auth/register.html')
登录
@bp.route('/login', methods=('GET', 'POST'))
def login():
if request.method == 'POST':
username = request.form['username']
password = request.form['password']
db = get_db()
error = None
user = db.execute(
'SELECT * FROM user WHERE username = ?', (username,)
).fetchone()
if user is None:
error = 'Incorrect username.'
elif not check_password_hash(user['password'], password):
error = 'Incorrect password.'
if error is None:
session.clear()
session['user_id'] = user['id']
return redirect(url_for('index'))
flash(error)
return render_template('auth/login.html')
根据用户id查询用户
@bp.before_app_request
def load_logged_in_user():
user_id = session.get('user_id')
if user_id is None:
g.user = None
else:
g.user = get_db().execute(
'SELECT * FROM user WHERE id = ?', (user_id,)
).fetchone()
注销
@bp.route('/logout')
def logout():
session.clear()
return redirect(url_for('index'))
创建、编辑和删除博客文章将要求用户 已登录。
flaskr/auth.py
# 此装饰器返回一个包装原始视图的新视图函数 它被应用于。新函数检查用户是否已加载，并且 否则重定向到登录页面。如果用户加载了原始 view 被调用并继续正常。在以下情况下，您将使用此装饰器 编写博客视图。
def login_required(view):
@functools.wraps(view)
def wrapped_view(**kwargs):
if g.user is None:
return redirect(url_for('auth.login'))
return view(**kwargs)
return wrapped_view
使用蓝图时，蓝图的名称会附加到 name 的函数
模板
根本布局
flaskr/templates/base.html
<!doctype html>
<title>{% block title %}{% endblock %} - Flaskr</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{
{ url_for('static', filename='style.css') }}">
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