Python中很常用的100个函数整理
Python 内置函数提供了强盛的工具，涵盖数据处置处罚、数学运算、迭代控制、范例转换等。本文总结了 100 个常用内置函数，并配备示例代码，提高编程效率。1. abs() 取绝对值
print(abs(-10)) # 10 2. all() 判断所有元素是否为真
print(all()) # True
print(all()) # False 3. any() 判断任意元素是否为真
print(any()) # False
print(any()) # True 4. ascii() 返回对象的 ASCII 表示
print(ascii("你好")) # '\u4f60\u597d' 5. bin() 十进制转二进制
print(bin(10)) # '0b1010' 6. bool() 转换为布尔值
print(bool([])) # False
print(bool(1)) # True 7. bytearray() 创建字节数组
ba = bytearray()
print(ba) # bytearray(b'ABC') 8. bytes() 创建不可变字节序列
b = bytes("hello", encoding="utf-8")
print(b) # b'hello' 9. callable() 判断对象是否可调用
def func(): pass
print(callable(func)) # True
print(callable(10)) # False 10. chr() 获取 Unicode 码对应的字符
print(chr(97)) # 'a' 11. ord() 获取字符的 Unicode 编码
print(ord('a')) # 97 12. complex() 创建复数
print(complex(1, 2)) # (1+2j) 13. dict() 创建字典
d = dict(name="Alice", age=25)
print(d) # {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25} 14. dir() 获取对象所有属性和方法
print(dir([])) # ['append', 'clear', 'copy', ...] 15. divmod() 取商和余数
print(divmod(10, 3)) # (3, 1) 16. enumerate() 生成索引和值
lst = ["a", "b", "c"]
for i, v in enumerate(lst):
print(i, v) 17. eval() 盘算字符串表达式
expr = "3 + 4"
print(eval(expr)) # 7 18. filter() 过滤序列
nums =
even_nums = list(filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, nums))
print(even_nums) # 19. float() 转换为浮点数
print(float("3.14")) # 3.14 20. format() 格式化字符串
print(format(10000, ",")) # '10,000'
21. frozenset() 创建不可变集合
fs = frozenset()
print(fs) 22. globals() 获取全局变量
print(globals()) 23. hasattr() 查抄对象是否有属性
class Person:
name = "Alice"print(hasattr(Person, "name")) # True 24. hash() 获取哈希值
print(hash("hello")) 25. help() 检察帮助
help(print) 26. hex() 十进制转十六进制
print(hex(255)) # '0xff' 27. id() 获取对象的唯一标识符
a = 10
print(id(a)) 28. input() 获取用户输入
name = input("请输入你的名字: ")
print("你好, " + name) 29. int() 转换为整数
print(int("123")) # 123 30. isinstance() 查抄对象范例
print(isinstance(123, int)) # True 31. issubclass() 查抄是否是子类
class A: pass
class B(A): pass
print(issubclass(B, A)) # True 32. iter() 获取迭代器
lst =
it = iter(lst)
print(next(it)) # 1 33. len() 获取长度
print(len()) # 3 34. list() 创建列表
print(list("hello")) # ['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o'] 35. locals() 获取局部变量
def func():
a = 10
print(locals())
func() 36. map() 对序列中的每个元素进行操作
nums =
squared = list(map(lambda x: x ** 2, nums))
print(squared) # 37. max() 返回最大值
print(max()) # 20
print(max("python")) # 'y' 38. min() 返回最小值
print(min()) # 5
print(min("python")) # 'h' 39. next() 获取迭代器的下一个元素
it = iter()
print(next(it)) # 10
print(next(it)) # 20 40. object() 创建一个新对象
obj = object()
print(obj) # <object object at 0x...> 41. oct() 十进制转八进制
print(oct(10)) # '0o12' 42. open() 打开文件
with open("test.txt", "w") as f:
f.write("Hello, Python!") 43. pow() 盘算指数幂
print(pow(2, 3)) # 8
print(pow(2, 3, 5)) # (2^3) % 5 = 3 44. print() 打印输出
print("Hello", "Python", sep="-") # Hello-Python 45. range() 生成范围序列
print(list(range(1, 10, 2))) # 46. repr() 返回对象的字符串表示
print(repr("Hello\nWorld")) # "'Hello\\nWorld'" 47. reversed() 反转序列
print(list(reversed())) # 48. round() 四舍五入
print(round(3.14159, 2)) # 3.14 49. set() 创建集合
print(set()) # {1, 2, 3} 50. setattr() 设置对象属性
class Person:
pass
p = Person()
setattr(p, "age", 25)
print(p.age) # 25 51. slice() 创建切片对象
lst =
s = slice(1, 3)
print(lst) # 52. sorted() 排序
print(sorted()) #
print(sorted("python")) # ['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y'] 53. staticmethod() 定义静态方法
class Math:
@staticmethod
def add(x, y):
return x + yprint(Math.add(3, 4)) # 7 54. str() 转换为字符串
print(str(123)) # '123'
print(str()) # '' 55. sum() 盘算总和
print(sum()) # 10 56. super() 调用父类方法
class Parent:
def greet(self):
print("Hello from Parent")
class Child(Parent):
def greet(self):
super().greet()
print("Hello from Child")
c = Child()
c.greet() 57. tuple() 创建元组
print(tuple()) # (1, 2, 3) 58. type() 获取对象范例
print(type(123)) # <class 'int'> 59. vars() 获取对象的 __dict__ 属性
class Person:
def __init__(self, name, age):
self.name = name
self.age = agep = Person("Alice", 25)
print(vars(p)) # {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25} 60. zip() 合并多个可迭代对象
names = ["Alice", "Bob"]
ages =
print(list(zip(names, ages))) # [('Alice', 25), ('Bob', 30)] 61. __import__() 动态导入模块
math_module = __import__("math")
print(math_module.sqrt(16)) # 4.0 62. delattr() 删除对象的属性
class Person:
age = 25
delattr(Person, "age")
print(hasattr(Person, "age")) # False 63. exec() 实验字符串代码
code = "x = 10\ny = 20\nprint(x + y)"
exec(code) # 30 64. memoryview() 创建内存视图对象
b = bytearray("hello", "utf-8")
mv = memoryview(b)
print(mv) # 104 65. round() 取整
print(round(4.567, 2)) # 4.57 66. breakpoint() 设置调试断点
x = 10
breakpoint() # 进入调试模式
print(x) 67. classmethod() 定义类方法
class Person:
name = "Unknown"
@classmethod
def set_name(cls, name):
cls.name = namePerson.set_name("Alice")
print(Person.name) # Alice 68. compile() 编译字符串为代码对象
code = "print('Hello, World!')"
compiled_code = compile(code, '<string>', 'exec')
exec(compiled_code) # Hello, World! 69. complex() 创建复数
c = complex(3, 4)
print(c) # (3+4j) 70. del 删除对象
x = 10
del x
# print(x) # NameError: name 'x' is not defined 71. ellipsis 省略号对象
def func():
...
print(func()) # None 72. float.fromhex() 将十六进制转换为浮点数
print(float.fromhex('0x1.8p3')) # 12.0 73. format_map() 利用映射对象格式化字符串
class Person:
age = 25
print(getattr(Person, "age")) # 25 74. getattr() 获取对象属性
class Person:
age = 25
print(getattr(Person, "age")) # 25 75. is 判断是否是同一个对象
a =
b = a
print(a is b) # True 76. issubclass() 判断是否是子类
class A: pass
class B(A): pass
print(issubclass(B, A)) # True 77. iter() 创建迭代器
lst =
it = iter(lst)
print(next(it)) # 1 78. len() 获取长度
print(len()) # 3 79. memoryview() 创建内存视图
b = bytearray("hello", "utf-8")
mv = memoryview(b)
print(mv) # 104 80. object() 创建基础对象
obj = object()
print(obj) 81. print(*objects, sep, end, file, flush) 高级用法
print("Hello", "World", sep="-", end="!") # Hello-World! 82. property() 创建只读属性
class Person:
def __init__(self, name):
self._name = name
@property
def name(self):
return self._namep = Person("Alice")
print(p.name) # Alice 83. repr() 返回字符串表示
print(repr("Hello\nWorld")) # 'Hello\nWorld' 84. round() 四舍五入
print(round(4.567, 2)) # 4.57 85. set() 创建集合
s = set()
print(s) # {1, 2, 3} 86. setattr() 设置对象属性
class Person:
pass
p = Person()
setattr(p, "age", 30)
print(p.age) # 30 87. slice() 创建切片对象
lst =
s = slice(1, 3)
print(lst) # 88. sorted() 排序
print(sorted()) # 89. staticmethod() 定义静态方法
class Math:
@staticmethod
def add(x, y):
return x + yprint(Math.add(3, 4)) # 7 90. sum() 盘算总和
print(sum()) # 10 91. super() 调用父类方法
class Parent:
def greet(self):
print("Hello from Parent")
class Child(Parent):
def greet(self):
super().greet()
print("Hello from Child")
c = Child()
c.greet() 92. tuple() 创建元组
print(tuple()) # (1, 2, 3) 93. type() 获取对象范例
print(type(123)) # <class 'int'> 94. vars() 获取对象属性字典
class Person:
def __init__(self, name, age):
self.name = name
self.age = agep = Person("Alice", 25)
print(vars(p)) # {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25} 95. zip() 压缩多个可迭代对象
names = ["Alice", "Bob"]
ages =
print(list(zip(names, ages))) # [('Alice', 25), ('Bob', 30)] 96. callable() 检测对象是否可调用
def foo():
pass
print(callable(foo)) # True 97. bin() 转换为二进制
print(bin(10)) # '0b1010' 98. hex() 转换为十六进制
print(hex(255)) # '0xff' 99. oct() 转换为八进制
print(oct(8)) # '0o10'
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