监控平台——SkyWalking摆设
一、情况准备
先下载SkyWalking安装包，需要注意的是SkyWalking 版本在10.X以上使用的nacos-client是2.X，如果安装的Nacos版本是1.X就会存在兼容性的问题。由于本人使用的SpringBoot项目是2.7.X版本，安装的Nacos版本只能是1.X版本的，就选择最新的是1.4.8，以是只能选择SkyWalking版本是9.7.0，对应的nacos-client版本是1.4.2。
1、下载安装
wget https://archive.apache.org/dist/skywalking/9.7.0/apache-skywalking-apm-9.7.0.tar.gz
tar -zxvf apache-skywalking-apm-9.7.0.tar.gz
cd apache-skywalking-apm-bin 2、配置集群方式
修改SkyWalking的配置文件 config/application.yml中集群的方式：
cluster:
selector: ${SW_CLUSTER:nacos}
nacos:
serviceName: ${SW_SERVICE_NAME:"SkyWalking_OAP_Cluster"}
hostPort: ${SW_CLUSTER_NACOS_HOST_PORT:10.60.1.63:8848}
namespace: ${SW_CLUSTER_NACOS_NAMESPACE:"public"}# 替换为你的Namespace ID，这里使用默认的命名空间
username: ${SW_CLUSTER_NACOS_USERNAME:"nacos"}# nacos用户名
password: ${SW_CLUSTER_NACOS_PASSWORD:"nacos"}# nacos登录密码
# 高级配置（可选）
clusterName: ${SW_CLUSTER_NACOS_CLUSTER_NAME:"DEFAULT"}
healthCheckInterval: ${SW_CLUSTER_NACOS_HEALTH_CHECK_INTERVAL:5} 3、配置 Elasticsearch 8 存储
关于ES8存储的配置出现了许多问题，搞了几个小时才乐成，重要是 安全证书问题，针对该问题，这里会详细形貌遇到的问题息争决方案。
起首第一步是使用如下命令将oap-libs中oap-libs/storage-elasticsearch-plugin-9.7.0.jar复制到plugins文件夹下。
# 进入skywalking安装目录下
cd /home/app/apache-skywalking-apm-bin
#创建plugins文件夹
mkdir plugins
#将storage-elasticsearch-plugin-9.7.0.jar拷贝到plugins文件夹下
cp oap-libs/storage-elasticsearch-plugin-9.7.0.jar plugins/
由于Elasticsearch 自动天生的自署名CA证书http_ca.crt 是 PEM 格式证书，但 SkyWalking 9.7.0 默认渴望 JKS 或 PKCS12 格式的密钥库。如果不转化就会报如下错误信息：
2025-03-30 07:06:12,544 - org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.starter.OAPServerBootstrap - 64 ERROR [] - Invalid keystore format
org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module.ModuleStartException: Invalid keystore format
at org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.storage.plugin.elasticsearch.StorageModuleElasticsearchProvider.start(StorageModuleElasticsearchProvider.java:281) ~
at org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module.BootstrapFlow.start(BootstrapFlow.java:46) ~
at org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module.ModuleManager.init(ModuleManager.java:75) ~
at org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.starter.OAPServerBootstrap.start(OAPServerBootstrap.java:52)
at org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.starter.OAPServerStartUp.main(OAPServerStartUp.java:23)
Caused by: java.io.IOException: Invalid keystore format
at sun.security.provider.JavaKeyStore.engineLoad(JavaKeyStore.java:688) ~[?:?]
at sun.security.util.KeyStoreDelegator.engineLoad(KeyStoreDelegator.java:221) ~[?:?]
at java.security.KeyStore.load(KeyStore.java:1473) ~[?:?] 以是需要将 PEM 证书转换为 PKCS12 格式（保举）
# 进入elasticsearch安装包的证书目录
cd /home/app/elasticsearch-8.17.4/config/certs
# 转换证书（无密码版）
openssl pkcs12 -export -nokeys -in http_ca.crt -out http_ca.p12 -passout pass:
# 设置权限
chmod 644 http_ca.p12 接下来执行下面脚本需要验证证书有效性
# 检查PKCS12文件有效性
keytool -list -v -keystore /home/app/elasticsearch-8.17.4/config/certs/http_ca.p12 -storepass "" 验证结果如下：
https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/311f90b79ad04ab49b81432fea2b2e33.png
此时可以配置SkyWalking的application.yml文件的存储模块内容如下：
storage:
selector: ${SW_STORAGE:elasticsearch}
elasticsearch:
nameSpace: ${SW_NAMESPACE:""}
clusterNodes: ${SW_STORAGE_ES_CLUSTER_NODES:10.60.1.63:9200}# 修改为单节点地址
protocol: ${SW_STORAGE_ES_HTTP_PROTOCOL:"https"}
trustStorePath: ${SW_STORAGE_ES_SSL_JKS_PATH:"/home/app/elasticsearch-8.17.4/config/certs/http_ca.p12"}# 使用CA证书
trustStorePass: ${SW_STORAGE_ES_SSL_JKS_PASS:""}# 如果证书有密码需填写
user: ${SW_ES_USER:"elastic"}
password: ${SW_ES_PASSWORD:"HAIyi123*"}
indexShardsNumber: ${SW_STORAGE_ES_INDEX_SHARDS_NUMBER:1} # 单节点建议设为1
indexReplicasNumber: ${SW_STORAGE_ES_INDEX_REPLICAS_NUMBER:0} # 单节点必须设为0
secretsManagementFile: ${SW_ES_SECRETS_MANAGEMENT_FILE:"/home/app/elasticsearch-8.17.4/config/certs/credentials.json"}# 可选密钥文件 由于trustStorePass为空，在启动skywalking时会报如下错误信息：
2025-03-30 07:02:56,422 - org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.starter.OAPServerBootstrap - 64 ERROR [] - Cannot invoke "String.toCharArray()" because "this.trustStorePass" is null
org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module.ModuleStartException: Cannot invoke "String.toCharArray()" because "this.trustStorePass" is null
at org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.storage.plugin.elasticsearch.StorageModuleElasticsearchProvider.start(StorageModuleElasticsearchProvider.java:281) ~
at org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module.BootstrapFlow.start(BootstrapFlow.java:46) ~
at org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module.ModuleManager.init(ModuleManager.java:75) ~
at org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.starter.OAPServerBootstrap.start(OAPServerBootstrap.java:52)
at org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.starter.OAPServerStartUp.main(OAPServerStartUp.java:23)
Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException: Cannot invoke "String.toCharArray()" because "this.trustStorePass" is null
at org.apache.skywalking.library.elasticsearch.ElasticSearchBuilder.build(ElasticSearchBuilder.java:167) ~
at org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.client.elasticsearch.ElasticSearchClient.connect(ElasticSearchClient.java:152) ~
at org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.storage.plugin.elasticsearch.StorageModuleElasticsearchProvider.start(StorageModuleElasticsearchProvider.java:268) ~
... 4 more 也可以在执行上面的转换证书是进行加密，如下：
keytool -list -v -keystore /home/app/elasticsearch-8.17.4/config/certs/http_ca.p12 -storepass "HAIyi123*"# 设置证书的密码 然后指定trustStorePass，再次启动skywalking时会报如下错误信息：
Caused by: java.security.InvalidAlgorithmParameterException: the trustAnchors parameter must be non-empty
at java.security.cert.PKIXParameters.setTrustAnchors(PKIXParameters.java:200) ~[?:?]
at java.security.cert.PKIXParameters.<init>(PKIXParameters.java:120) ~[?:?]
at java.security.cert.PKIXBuilderParameters.<init>(PKIXBuilderParameters.java:104) ~[?:?]
at sun.security.validator.PKIXValidator.<init>(PKIXValidator.java:98) ~[?:?]
at sun.security.validator.Validator.getInstance(Validator.java:181) ~[?:?]
at sun.security.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.getValidator(X509TrustManagerImpl.java:309) ~[?:?]
at sun.security.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.checkTrustedInit(X509TrustManagerImpl.java:183) ~[?:?]
at sun.security.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.checkTrusted(X509TrustManagerImpl.java:255) ~[?:?]
at sun.security.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.checkServerTrusted(X509TrustManagerImpl.java:144) ~[?:?]
at io.netty.handler.ssl.EnhancingX509ExtendedTrustManager.checkServerTrusted(EnhancingX509ExtendedTrustManager.java:69) ~
at io.netty.handler.ssl.ReferenceCountedOpenSslClientContext$ExtendedTrustManagerVerifyCallback.verify(ReferenceCountedOpenSslClientContext.java:235) ~
at io.netty.handler.ssl.ReferenceCountedOpenSslContext$AbstractCertificateVerifier.verify(ReferenceCountedOpenSslContext.java:790) ~
at io.netty.internal.tcnative.CertificateVerifierTask.runTask(CertificateVerifierTask.java:36) ~
at io.netty.internal.tcnative.SSLTask.run(SSLTask.java:48) ~
at io.netty.internal.tcnative.SSLTask.run(SSLTask.java:42) ~
at io.netty.handler.ssl.ReferenceCountedOpenSslEngine.runAndResetNeedTask(ReferenceCountedOpenSslEngine.java:1534) ~
at io.netty.handler.ssl.ReferenceCountedOpenSslEngine.access$700(ReferenceCountedOpenSslEngine.java:96) ~
at io.netty.handler.ssl.ReferenceCountedOpenSslEngine$TaskDecorator.run(ReferenceCountedOpenSslEngine.java:1509) ~
at io.netty.handler.ssl.SslHandler.runDelegatedTasks(SslHandler.java:1647) ~
at io.netty.handler.ssl.SslHandler.unwrap(SslHandler.java:1493) ~
at io.netty.handler.ssl.SslHandler.decodeNonJdkCompatible(SslHandler.java:1345) ~
at io.netty.handler.ssl.SslHandler.decode(SslHandler.java:1385) ~
at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.decodeRemovalReentryProtection(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:529) ~
at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.callDecode(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:468) ~
at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.channelRead(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:290) ~
at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:444) ~
at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:420) ~
at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.fireChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:412) ~
at io.netty.handler.flush.FlushConsolidationHandler.channelRead(FlushConsolidationHandler.java:152) ~
at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:442) ~
at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:420) ~
at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.fireChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:412) ~
at io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline$HeadContext.channelRead(DefaultChannelPipeline.java:1410) ~
at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:440) ~
at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:420) ~
at io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline.fireChannelRead(DefaultChannelPipeline.java:919) ~
at io.netty.channel.epoll.AbstractEpollStreamChannel$EpollStreamUnsafe.epollInReady(AbstractEpollStreamChannel.java:800) ~
at io.netty.channel.epoll.EpollEventLoop.processReady(EpollEventLoop.java:509) ~
at io.netty.channel.epoll.EpollEventLoop.run(EpollEventLoop.java:407) ~ 这表明 Java 安全库无法从您的证书文件中提取可信的 CA 证书链。以下是完备的解决方案：
步调1：验证证书完备性
# 检查证书内容
openssl x509 -in /home/app/elasticsearch-8.17.4/config/certs/http_ca.crt -noout -text
# 检查证书链（应显示完整的CA链）
openssl crl2pkcs7 -nocrl -certfile /home/app/elasticsearch-8.17.4/config/certs/http_ca.crt | openssl pkcs7 -print_certs -noout 步调2：重修证书链
如果证书链不完备，手动构建完备链：
# 获取Elasticsearch生成的CA证书
cat /home/app/elasticsearch-8.17.4/config/certs/http_ca.crt > full_chain.crt
# 追加系统CA证书（可选）
cat /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt >> full_chain.crt
# 转换为PKCS12格式（必须）
openssl pkcs12 -export -nokeys -in full_chain.crt -out full_chain.p12 -passout pass:
# 设置权限
chmod 644 full_chain.p12
chown skywalking:skywalking full_chain.p12 步调3：将自署名证书到场Java信任库（保举）
# 1. 进入证书目录
cd /home/app/elasticsearch-8.17.4/config/certs
# 2. 将CA证书导入Java默认信任库
sudo keytool -importcert \
-alias elasticsearch-ca \
-file http_ca.crt \
-keystore $JAVA_HOME/lib/security/cacerts \
-storepass changeit \
-noprompt
# 3. 修改SkyWalking配置（不再需要指定trustStore）
storage:
elasticsearch:
protocol: "HTTPS"
# 注释掉trustStore相关配置
# trustStorePath: ""
# trustStorePass: ""
user: "elastic"
password: "HAIyi123*" 步调4：验证Java信任库
keytool -list -keystore $JAVA_HOME/lib/security/cacerts -storepass changeit | grep elasticsearch 应显示：
elasticsearch-ca, Mar 30, 2025, trustedCertEntry 测试HTTPS连接
curl --cacert /home/app/elasticsearch-8.17.4/config/certs/http_ca.crt \
-u elastic:HAIyi123* \
https://10.60.1.63:9200/_cluster/health 应显示：
# curl --cacert /home/app/elasticsearch-8.17.4/config/certs/http_ca.crt -u elastic:HAIyi123* https://10.60.1.63:9200/_cluster/health
{"cluster_name":"my-es-cluster","status":"green","timed_out":false,"number_of_nodes":1,"number_of_data_nodes":1,"active_primary_shards":3,"active_shards":3,"relocating_shards":0,"initializing_shards":0,"unassigned_shards":0,"unassigned_primary_shards":0,"delayed_unassigned_shards":0,"number_of_pending_tasks":0,"number_of_in_flight_fetch":0,"task_max_waiting_in_queue_millis":0,"active_shards_percent_as_number":100.0}#
#
二、启动服务
[*] 启动OAP服务：
cd /home/app/apache-skywalking-apm-bin/bin
./oapService.sh
[*] Web UI摆设
cd /home/app/apache-skywalking-apm-bin/bin
./webappService.sh 启动后，直接可以在浏览器上输入http://10.60.1.63:8080/打开SkyWalking的页面：https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/e9a8a6a6dbe54b288a55f334bee9ee16.png
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