java 多线程之Worker Thread模式(Thread Pool模式)
Worker Thread模式Worker的意思是工作的人，在Worker Thread模式中，工人线程Worker thread会逐个取回工作并进行处置惩罚，当所有工作全部完成后，工人线程会期待新的工作到来。
Worker Thread模式也被成为Background Thread（配景线程）模式，另外，如果从生存多个工人线程的场合这一点看，我们也可以称这种模式为Thread Pool模式。
Worker Thread模式中的脚色
TransPortThread [将部件塞到传送带上]（委托者）
创建表现工作请求的Cargo并将其通报给SimpleChannel 。在示例步调中，TransPortThread 相称于该脚色。
2.SimpleChannel [传送带的脚色]（通讯线路）
SimpleChannel 脚色接受来自于TransPortThread 的Cargo，并将其通报给WorkerThread。在示例步调中，SimpleChannel 相称于该脚色。
3.WorkerThread（工人）
WorkerThread脚色从Channel中获取Cargo，并进行工作，当一项工作完成后，它会继承去获取另外的Cargo，在示例步调中，WorkerThread相称于该脚色。
4.Cargo（部件）
Cargo脚色是表现工作中的部件，Cargo脚色中生存了进行工作所必须的信息，在示例步调中，Cargo相称于该部件脚色。
Worker Thread利用场景
想象这样一个场景，一个工厂在生产货物，在一个车间里，有几个工人，每次生产部件准备后，车间外的人就将部件放到车间的传送带上，工人每次做完一个货品就从桌子上取部件。在这里，注意到，部件并不是直接交给工人的，另外一点，工人并不是做完一个部件就回家换个新人，后者在现实有点滑稽，但是在步调中却对应一个典型的线程利用方法：线程池。
所谓线程池，就是对线程的复用，当线程执行完任务之后就继承取其他任务执行，而不是销毁启动新线程执行其他任务。因为线程的启动对于系统性能开销比较大，所以这样对于系统性能的进步很有好处。
Main.java
public class WorkClient {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 创建容量为5的SimpleChannel实例（数据缓冲通道）
SimpleChannel simpleChannel = new SimpleChannel(5);
// 启动工作通道开始处理数据（消费者启动）
simpleChannel.startWork();
// 启动三个数据传输线程（生产者角色）
new TransPortThread("june", simpleChannel).start();
new TransPortThread("july", simpleChannel).start();
new TransPortThread("alen", simpleChannel).start();
}
}
Cargo.java
脚色：部件或货物
import java.util.Optional;
/**
* 货物类，包含货物编号和名称，并提供执行操作时打印线程执行信息的功能
*
* @author [请填写作者名称]
* @version 1.0
*/
public class Cargo {
/**
* 货物名称
*/
private final String name;
/**
* 货物编号
*/
private final int num;
/**
* 构造方法，初始化货物信息
*
* @param name 货物名称
* @param num货物编号
*/
public Cargo(String name, int num) {
this.name = name;
this.num = num;
}
/**
* 执行货物处理操作，打印当前线程名称和货物信息
*/
public void execute(){
Optional.of(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" executed "+this.toString()).ifPresent(System.out::println);
}
/**
* 获取货物信息的字符串表示
*
* @return 格式化后的货物信息（例如：Cargo ==> NO.123 Name.ItemA）
*/
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Cargo ==> NO."+num+" Name."+name;
}
}
SimpleChannel.java
职责：将部件或货物从源头传给处置惩罚端
import java.util.Arrays;
/**
* 简单线程通信通道，管理货物队列和工作线程池
* 使用环形缓冲区实现生产者-消费者模式，通过synchronized和wait/notify机制保证线程安全
*/
public class SimpleChannel {
/** 缓冲区最大容量 */
private static final int BUFFER_SIZE = 100;
/** 环形缓冲区数组，存储货物对象 */
private final Cargo[] cargoQueue;
/** 队列头指针，指向下一个要取出的元素位置 */
private int headIndex;
/** 当前队列中的元素数量 */
private int count;
/** 队列尾指针，指向下一个要插入的元素位置 */
private int tailIndex;
/** 工作线程池 */
private final WorkerThread[] workerPool;
/**
* 构造方法初始化通道
* @param workerCount 工作线程数量
*/
public SimpleChannel(int workerCount) {
this.cargoQueue = new Cargo;
this.headIndex = 0;
this.count = 0;
this.tailIndex = 0;
this.workerPool = new WorkerThread;
this.init();
}
/**
* 初始化工作线程池
* 为每个线程设置名称并绑定当前通道实例
*/
private void init() {
for (int i = 0; i < workerPool.length; i++) {
workerPool = new WorkerThread("worker-"+i, this);
}
}
/**
* 启动所有工作线程开始工作
* 通过遍历线程池调用start()方法启动每个线程
*/
public void startWork() {
Arrays.asList(workerPool).forEach(WorkerThread::start);
}
/**
* 生产者添加货物到缓冲区
* @param cargo 要添加的货物对象
* @throws InterruptedException 线程中断异常
*/
public synchronized void pushCargo(Cargo cargo) {
while (count >= BUFFER_SIZE) {
try {
this.wait(); // 缓冲区满时等待
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// 异常处理（建议补充日志）
}
}
// 添加货物到尾部并更新指针
this.cargoQueue = cargo;
this.tailIndex = (this.tailIndex + 1) % this.cargoQueue.length;
this.count++;
this.notifyAll(); // 通知等待线程
}
/**
* 消费者从缓冲区取出货物
* @return 取出的货物对象
* @throws InterruptedException 线程中断异常
*/
public synchronized Cargo popCargo() {
while (count <= 0) {
try {
this.wait(); // 缓冲区空时等待
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// 异常处理（建议补充日志）
}
}
// 取出头部元素并更新指针
Cargo cargo = this.cargoQueue;
this.headIndex = (this.headIndex + 1) % this.cargoQueue.length;
this.count--;
this.notifyAll(); // 通知等待线程
return cargo;
}
}
TransPortThread .java
职责：将请求的信息塞到传输通道上去
/**
* 运输线程，负责持续生成货物并推送到传输通道 {@link SimpleChannel}
*/
public class TransPortThread extends Thread {
private SimpleChannel simpleChannel;
/**
* 静态随机数生成器，用于生成随机休眠时间
*/
private static final Random RANDOM = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());
/**
* 构造方法
*
* @param name 线程名称
* @param simpleChannel 货物传输通道
*/
public TransPortThread(String name, SimpleChannel simpleChannel) {
super(name);
this.simpleChannel = simpleChannel;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
int i = 0;
// 无限循环持续生成货物
while (true){
Cargo cargo = new Cargo(getName(), i++); // 创建货物对象（包含线程名和序号）
this.simpleChannel.pushCargo(cargo); // 将货物推送到通道
Thread.sleep(RANDOM.nextInt(1000)); // 随机休眠 0-1000ms
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// 线程中断时的异常处理（当前空实现）
}
}
}
WorkerThread.java
职责：从传输带上获取部件或货物
import java.util.Random;
/**
* 工作线程类，负责从共享通道中持续获取任务并执行
*/
public class WorkerThread extends Thread {
/**
* 存储任务通道实例，用于获取待处理的任务对象
*/
private final SimpleChannel simpleChannel;
/**
* 静态随机数生成器，用于生成随机休眠时间（模拟任务执行间隔）
*/
private static final Random random = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());
/**
* 构造方法初始化线程名称和任务通道
* @param name 线程名称标识
* @param simpleChannel 任务通道对象，用于获取待处理任务
*/
public WorkerThread(String name, SimpleChannel simpleChannel) {
super(name);
this.simpleChannel = simpleChannel;
}
/**
* 线程执行主体方法，持续循环执行以下操作：
* 1. 从通道中获取任务对象
* 2. 执行任务
* 3. 随机休眠（模拟任务处理间隔）
*/
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
// 从通道中获取任务对象
Cargo cargo = simpleChannel.popCargo();
// 执行任务逻辑
cargo.execute();
// 随机休眠0-1000毫秒（模拟任务间隔）
Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(1000));
} catch (Exception e) {
// 异常处理：打印堆栈信息（实际应用中建议添加更完善的异常处理）
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
执行的效果
worker-1 executed Cargo ==> NO.0 Name.alen
worker-0 executed Cargo ==> NO.0 Name.june
worker-4 executed Cargo ==> NO.0 Name.july
worker-3 executed Cargo ==> NO.1 Name.june
worker-0 executed Cargo ==> NO.1 Name.alen
worker-2 executed Cargo ==> NO.1 Name.july
worker-1 executed Cargo ==> NO.2 Name.june
worker-0 executed Cargo ==> NO.2 Name.july
worker-2 executed Cargo ==> NO.2 Name.alen
worker-3 executed Cargo ==> NO.3 Name.june
worker-4 executed Cargo ==> NO.4 Name.june
worker-2 executed Cargo ==> NO.3 Name.alen
worker-3 executed Cargo ==> NO.3 Name.july
worker-4 executed Cargo ==> NO.5 Name.june
worker-1 executed Cargo ==> NO.6 Name.june
worker-0 executed Cargo ==> NO.4 Name.alen
worker-2 executed Cargo ==> NO.7 Name.june
worker-3 executed Cargo ==> NO.5 Name.alen
worker-2 executed Cargo ==> NO.4 Name.july
worker-4 executed Cargo ==> NO.6 Name.alen
worker-0 executed Cargo ==> NO.5 Name.july
worker-2 executed Cargo ==> NO.8 Name.june
worker-3 executed Cargo ==> NO.7 Name.alen
worker-1 executed Cargo ==> NO.6 Name.july
worker-4 executed Cargo ==> NO.8 Name.alen
worker-4 executed Cargo ==> NO.9 Name.june
worker-2 executed Cargo ==> NO.10 Name.june
worker-3 executed Cargo ==> NO.9 Name.alen
worker-1 executed Cargo ==> NO.7 Name.july
worker-2 executed Cargo ==> NO.10 Name.alen
worker-4 executed Cargo ==> NO.11 Name.alen
worker-3 executed Cargo ==> NO.11 Name.june
worker-0 executed Cargo ==> NO.8 Name.july
worker-4 executed Cargo ==> NO.12 Name.alen
worker-3 executed Cargo ==> NO.12 Name.june
worker-4 executed Cargo ==> NO.13 Name.alen
worker-1 executed Cargo ==> NO.9 Name.july
worker-2 executed Cargo ==> NO.14 Name.alen
worker-0 executed Cargo ==> NO.13 Name.june
worker-4 executed Cargo ==> NO.15 Name.alen
worker-2 executed Cargo ==> NO.10 Name.july
worker-1 executed Cargo ==> NO.14 Name.june
worker-3 executed Cargo ==> NO.15 Name.june
worker-4 executed Cargo ==> NO.16 Name.alen
worker-3 executed Cargo ==> NO.11 Name.july
worker-2 executed Cargo ==> NO.12 Name.july
worker-0 executed Cargo ==> NO.16 Name.june
worker-1 executed Cargo ==> NO.17 Name.june
worker-2 executed Cargo ==> NO.18 Name.june
worker-2 executed Cargo ==> NO.17 Name.alen
worker-4 executed Cargo ==> NO.13 Name.july
worker-0 executed Cargo ==> NO.18 Name.alen
worker-0 executed Cargo ==> NO.19 Name.june
worker-3 executed Cargo ==> NO.14 Name.july
worker-1 executed Cargo ==> NO.19 Name.alen
worker-2 executed Cargo ==> NO.20 Name.june
worker-3 executed Cargo ==> NO.21 Name.june
worker-0 executed Cargo ==> NO.15 Name.july
worker-3 executed Cargo ==> NO.20 Name.alen
worker-4 executed Cargo ==> NO.21 Name.alen
worker-3 executed Cargo ==> NO.22 Name.june
worker-1 executed Cargo ==> NO.16 Name.july
worker-2 executed Cargo ==> NO.17 Name.july
worker-0 executed Cargo ==> NO.23 Name.june
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