惊雷无声 发表于 2023-4-25 11:28:11

Linux(CentOS7)安装与卸载MySQL8.0图文详解

https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/27422/202304/27422-20230420094302572-168496835.jpg
Mysql数据库的安装对于开发者来说，是我们必然会面对的问题，它的安装过程其实并不复杂，并且网络上的安装教程也非常多，但是对于新手来说，各种不同形式的安装教程，又给新手们带来了要选择哪种方式进行安装的难题，而且很多时候按照教程也没有能够安装成功，安装过程出现各种各样的错误。
下面记录了我在Linux(Centos 7)环境下安装Mysql的完整过程，实操记录，绝非水文，如有错误或遗漏，欢迎指正。

一、Mysql安装

1.下载 MySQL 所需要的安装包
​ 网址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/27422/202304/27422-20230420094339750-284332034.png
2.Select Operating System: 选择 Red Hat ，CentOS 是基于红帽的，Select OS Version: 选择 linux 7
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/27422/202304/27422-20230420094340640-1813988696.png
3.选择 RPM Bundle 点击 Download
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/27422/202304/27422-20230420094340641-451056750.png
4.点击 No thanks, just start my download. 进行下载
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/27422/202304/27422-20230420094340568-1503686528.png
5.下载好后，使用xshell连接到我们的虚拟机。
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/27422/202304/27422-20230420094339693-849431919.png
6.通过 rpm -qa | grep mariadb 命令查看 mariadb 的安装包
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/27422/202304/27422-20230420094340598-1215669532.png
7.通过 rpm -e mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64 —nodeps 命令装卸 mariadb
注意：mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64名称根据自己实际修改
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/27422/202304/27422-20230420094340693-1194768953.png
8.通过 rpm -qa | grep mariadb 命令再次查看 mariadb 的安装包
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/27422/202304/27422-20230420094340538-1066544769.png
9.通过 cd /usr/local/ 命令进入根目录下的usr目录下的local目录，这个目录是放一些本地的共享资源的
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/27422/202304/27422-20230420094340715-1783381730.png
10.通过 ll 命令查看一下当前目录下的目录结构
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/27422/202304/27422-20230420094340754-1670422243.png
11.通过 mkdir mysql 命令 在当前目录下创建一个名为 mysql 的目录
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/27422/202304/27422-20230420094340931-832840675.png
12.通过 ll 命令查看一下当前目录下的目录结构，刚创建的 mysql 目录有了
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/27422/202304/27422-20230420094340872-638855505.png
13.通过 cd mysql 命令进入 mysql 目录
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/27422/202304/27422-20230420094340804-1358853151.png
14.通过 ll 命令查看一下当前目录下的目录结构
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/27422/202304/27422-20230420094340498-559967362.png
15.通过xftp把刚才下载好的mysql安装包上传到mysql目录
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/27422/202304/27422-20230420094340781-51513927.png
16.通过 ll 命令查看一下当前目录下的目录结构
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/27422/202304/27422-20230420094340951-1368926160.png
17.通过 tar -xvf mysql-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar 命令解压 tar 包
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/27422/202304/27422-20230420094340771-558350797.png
18.通过rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm —nodeps —force 命令安装 common
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/27422/202304/27422-20230420094339813-1884973304.png
19.通过 rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm —nodeps —force 命令安装 libs
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/27422/202304/27422-20230420094341044-403267465.png
20.通过 rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm —nodeps —force 命令安装 client
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/27422/202304/27422-20230420094340837-272620698.png
21.通过 rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm —nodeps —force 命令安装 server
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/27422/202304/27422-20230420094340933-2032020900.png
22.通过 rpm -qa | grep mysql 命令查看 mysql 的安装包
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/27422/202304/27422-20230420094341207-863835602.png
23.通过以下命令，完成对 mysql 数据库的初始化和相关配置
这儿特别注意：我们知道在 Linux 环境下默认是区分大小写的，如要改变这种默认方式，需要在初始化前修改 lower_case_table_names，mysql8.0 要求我们不能在initialize之后再更改 lower_case_table_names 的值，也就是说，再通过更改 my.cnf 文件是不管用的。
初始化前，linux 下修改文件 my.cnf ，在 配置节点下添加 lower-case-table-names=1，然后再执行如下命令。

[*]mysqld --initialize;
[*]chown mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql -R;
[*]systemctl start mysqld.service;
[*]systemctl enable mysqld;
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/27422/202304/27422-20230420094341322-1653999209.png
查看MySQL官方文档：

[*]5.7 官方文档：Identifier Case Sensitivity：https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/identifier-case-sensitivity.html
[*]8.0 官方文档：Identifier Case Sensitivity：https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/identifier-case-sensitivity.html
MySQL 8.0 Release Notes - Changes in MySQL 8.0.17 (2019-07-22, General Availability) - Functionality Added or Changed有记录：

[*]In MySQL 8.0, the lower_case_table_names variable can only be configured when the MySQL server is initializ
24.通过 cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password 命令查看数据库的密码
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/27422/202304/27422-20230420094341086-484946975.png
25.通过 mysql -uroot -p 敲回车键进入数据库登陆界面
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/27422/202304/27422-20230420094341243-1118722330.png
26.输入刚刚查到的密码，进行数据库的登陆，复制粘贴就行，MySQL 的登陆密码也是不显示的
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/27422/202304/27422-20230420094341047-580630168.png
27.通过 ALTER USER ‘root’@’localhost’ IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY ‘123456’; 命令来修改密码
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/27422/202304/27422-20230420094341306-295264878.png
28.通过 exit; 命令退出 MySQL，然后通过新密码再次登陆
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/27422/202304/27422-20230420094341218-2016199722.png
29.通过以下命令，进行远程访问的授权

[*]create user 'root'@'%' identified with mysql_native_password by '123456';
[*]grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' with grant option;
[*]flush privileges;
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/27422/202304/27422-20230420094341063-73220486.png
30.通过 ALTER USER ‘root’@’localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘123456’ PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER; 命令修改加密规则，MySql8.0 版本 和 5.0 的加密规则不一样，而现在的可视化工具只支持旧的加密方式。
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/27422/202304/27422-20230420094341224-44201080.png
31.通过 flush privileges; 命令刷新修该后的权限
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/27422/202304/27422-20230420094341203-548745982.png
32.通过 exit; 命令退出 MySQL。
33.通过以下命令，关闭 firewall

[*]systemctl stop firewalld.service;
[*]systemctl disable firewalld.service;
[*]systemctl mask firewalld.service;
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/27422/202304/27422-20230420094341460-1724049532.png
34.通过 yum -y install iptables-services 命令安装 iptables 防火墙
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/27422/202304/27422-20230420094341186-74728709.png
35.通过以下命令启动设置防火墙

[*]systemctl enable iptables;
[*]systemctl start iptables;
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/27422/202304/27422-20230420094340567-1550802456.png
36.通过 vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables 命令编辑防火墙，添加端口
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/27422/202304/27422-20230420094341154-1778258606.png
37.点击 i 键进入插入模式
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/27422/202304/27422-20230420094341094-1657279495.png
38.在相关位置，写入以下内容
-A INPUT -m state —state NEW -m tcp -p tcp —dport 80 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state —state NEW -m tcp -p tcp —dport 3306 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state —state NEW -m tcp -p tcp —dport 443 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state —state NEW -m tcp -p tcp —dport 8080 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state —state NEW -m tcp -p tcp —dport 8090 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state —state NEW -m tcp -p tcp —dport 5888 -j ACCEPT
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/27422/202304/27422-20230420094341036-1079545583.png
点击 ESC 键退出插入模式,点击 : 键，输入 wq 敲回车键保存退出，: 为英文状态下的
39.通过 systemctl restart iptables.service 命令重启防火墙使配置生效
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/27422/202304/27422-20230420094341131-1874573599.png
40.通过 systemctl enable iptables.service 命令设置防火墙开机启动
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/27422/202304/27422-20230420094340950-1343175510.png
41.通过 ifconfig 命令查看 ip，得到ip后我们就可以通过mysql工具连接到我们安装好的mysql了。
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/27422/202304/27422-20230420094341053-373604231.png

二、Mysql卸载

1、关闭mysql


[*]service mysqld stop
2、查看安装的mysql


[*]rpm -qa|grep -i mysql
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/27422/202304/27422-20230420094341244-252526199.png
3、卸载安装的mysql


[*]rpm -ev mysql-community-client-8.0.11-1.el7.x86_64 --nodeps
[*]rpm -ev mysql-community-common-8.0.11-1.el7.x86_64 --nodeps
[*]rpm -ev mysql-community-server-8.0.11-1.el7.x86_64--nodeps
[*]rpm -ev mysql-community-libs-8.0.11-1.el7.x86_64 --nodeps
4、删除mysql相关目录


[*]find / -name mysql
[*]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/
[*]# rm -rf /usr/lib64/mysql
[*]# rm -rf /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mysql
[*]# rm -rf /etc/selinux/targeted/tmp/modules/100/mysql
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/27422/202304/27422-20230420094341068-604720658.png
5、删除my.cnf


[*]rm -rf /etc/my.cnf
6、检查卸载情况


[*]rpm -qa|grep -i mysql
显示为空，卸载完毕。
作者|国思软件

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