Rust编程语言入门之最后的项目：多线程 Web 服务器
最后的项目：多线程 Web 服务器构建多线程 Web 服务器
[*]在 socket 上监听 TCP 连接
[*]解析少量的 HTTP 请求
[*]创建一个合适的 HTTP 响应
[*]使用线程池改进服务器的吞吐量
[*]优雅的停机和清理
[*]注意：并不是最佳实践
创建项目
~/rust
➜ cargo new hello
Created binary (application) `hello` package
~/rust
➜main.rs 文件
use std::net::TcpListener;
fn main() {
let listener = TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:7878").unwrap();
for stream in listener.incoming() {
let stream = stream.unwrap();
println!("Connection established!");
}
}修改一：
use std::io::prelude::*;
use std::net::TcpListener;
use std::net::TcpStream;
fn main() {
let listener = TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:7878").unwrap();
for stream in listener.incoming() {
let stream = stream.unwrap();
handle_connection(stream);
}
}
fn handle_connection(mut stream: TcpStream) {
let mut buffer = ;
stream.read(&mut buffer).unwrap();
println!("Request: {}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&buffer[..]));
}修改二：
use std::io::prelude::*;
use std::net::TcpListener;
use std::net::TcpStream;
fn main() {
let listener = TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:7878").unwrap();
for stream in listener.incoming() {
let stream = stream.unwrap();
handle_connection(stream);
}
}
fn handle_connection(mut stream: TcpStream) {
let mut buffer = ;
stream.read(&mut buffer).unwrap();
// 请求
// Method Request-URI HTTP-Version CRLF
// headers CRLF
// message-body
// 响应
// HTTP-Version Status-Code Reason-Phrase CRLF
// headers CRLF
// message-body
let response = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n";
stream.write(response.as_bytes()).unwrap();
stream.flush().unwrap();
println!("Request: {}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&buffer[..]));
}修改三：
use std::fs;
use std::io::prelude::*;
use std::net::TcpListener;
use std::net::TcpStream;
fn main() {
let listener = TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:7878").unwrap();
for stream in listener.incoming() {
let stream = stream.unwrap();
handle_connection(stream);
}
}
fn handle_connection(mut stream: TcpStream) {
let mut buffer = ;
stream.read(&mut buffer).unwrap();
// 请求
// Method Request-URI HTTP-Version CRLF
// headers CRLF
// message-body
// 响应
// HTTP-Version Status-Code Reason-Phrase CRLF
// headers CRLF
// message-body
let contents = fs::read_to_string("hello.html").unwrap();
let response = format!("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n{}", contents);
stream.write(response.as_bytes()).unwrap();
stream.flush().unwrap();
}修改四：
use std::fs;
use std::io::prelude::*;
use std::net::TcpListener;
use std::net::TcpStream;
fn main() {
let listener = TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:7878").unwrap();
for stream in listener.incoming() {
let stream = stream.unwrap();
handle_connection(stream);
}
}
fn handle_connection(mut stream: TcpStream) {
let mut buffer = ;
stream.read(&mut buffer).unwrap();
let get = b"GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n";
if buffer.starts_with(get) {
let contents = fs::read_to_string("hello.html").unwrap();
let response = format!("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n{}", contents);
stream.write(response.as_bytes()).unwrap();
stream.flush().unwrap();
} else {
let status_line = "HTTP/1.1 404 NOT FOUND\r\n\r\n";
let contents = fs::read_to_string("404.html").unwrap();
let response = format!("{}{}", status_line, contents);
stream.write(response.as_bytes()).unwrap();
stream.flush().unwrap();
}
}修改五：
use std::fs;
use std::io::prelude::*;
use std::net::TcpListener;
use std::net::TcpStream;
fn main() {
let listener = TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:7878").unwrap();
for stream in listener.incoming() {
let stream = stream.unwrap();
handle_connection(stream);
}
}
fn handle_connection(mut stream: TcpStream) {
let mut buffer = ;
stream.read(&mut buffer).unwrap();
let get = b"GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n";
let (status_line, filename) = if buffer.starts_with(get) {
("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n", "hello.html")
} else {
("HTTP/1.1 404 NOT FOUND\r\n\r\n", "404.html")
};
let contents = fs::read_to_string(filename).unwrap();
let response = format!("{}{}", status_line, contents);
stream.write(response.as_bytes()).unwrap();
stream.flush().unwrap();
}hello.html 文件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Hello</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello</h1>
<p>Hi from Rust</p>
</body>
</html>404.html 文件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Hello!</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Oops!</h1>
<p>Sorry, I don't know what you're asking for.</p>
</body>
</html>单线程Web服务器
use std::fs;
use std::thread;
use std::io::prelude::*;
use std::net::TcpListener;
use std::net::TcpStream;
use std::time::Duration;
fn main() {
let listener = TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:7878").unwrap();
for stream in listener.incoming() {
let stream = stream.unwrap();
handle_connection(stream);
}
}
fn handle_connection(mut stream: TcpStream) {
let mut buffer = ;
stream.read(&mut buffer).unwrap();
let get = b"GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n";
let sleep = b"GET /sleep HTTP/1.1\r\n";
let (status_line, filename) = if buffer.starts_with(get) {
("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n", "hello.html")
} else if buffer.starts_with(sleep) {
thread::sleep(Duration::from_secs(5));
("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n", "hello.html")
} else {
("HTTP/1.1 404 NOT FOUND\r\n\r\n", "404.html")
};
let contents = fs::read_to_string(filename).unwrap();
let response = format!("{}{}", status_line, contents);
stream.write(response.as_bytes()).unwrap();
stream.flush().unwrap();
}开启线程
use std::fs;
use std::thread;
use std::io::prelude::*;
use std::net::TcpListener;
use std::net::TcpStream;
use std::time::Duration;
fn main() {
let listener = TcpListener::bind("localhost:7878").unwrap();
for stream in listener.incoming() {
let stream = stream.unwrap();
thread::spawn(|| {
handle_connection(stream);
});
}
}
fn handle_connection(mut stream: TcpStream) {
let mut buffer = ;
stream.read(&mut buffer).unwrap();
let get = b"GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n";
let sleep = b"GET /sleep HTTP/1.1\r\n";
let (status_line, filename) = if buffer.starts_with(get) {
("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n", "hello.html")
} else if buffer.starts_with(sleep) {
thread::sleep(Duration::from_secs(5));
("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n", "hello.html")
} else {
("HTTP/1.1 404 NOT FOUND\r\n\r\n", "404.html")
};
let contents = fs::read_to_string(filename).unwrap();
let response = format!("{}{}", status_line, contents);
stream.write(response.as_bytes()).unwrap();
stream.flush().unwrap();
}lib.rs 文件
use std::thread;
pub struct ThreadPool {
threads: Vec<thread::JoinHandle<()>>,
}
impl ThreadPool {
/// Creates a new ThreadPool.
///
/// The size is the number of threads in the pool.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// The `new` function will panic if the size is zero.
pub fn new(size: usize) -> ThreadPool {
assert!(size > 0);
let mut threads = Vec::with_capacity(size);
for _ in 0..size {
// create some threads and store them in the vector
}
ThreadPool { threads }
}
pub fn execute<F>(&self, f: F)
where
F: FnOnce() + Send + 'static,
{
}
}lib.rs 修改一
use std::thread;
pub struct ThreadPool {
workers: Vec<Worker>,
}
impl ThreadPool {
/// Creates a new ThreadPool.
///
/// The size is the number of threads in the pool.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// The `new` function will panic if the size is zero.
pub fn new(size: usize) -> ThreadPool {
assert!(size > 0);
let mut workers = Vec::with_capacity(size);
for id in 0..size {
workers.push(Worker::new(id));
}
ThreadPool { workers }
}
pub fn execute<F>(&self, f: F)
where
F: FnOnce() + Send + 'static,
{
}
}
struct Worker {
id: usize,
thread: thread::JoinHandle<()>,
}
impl Worker {
fn new(id: usize) -> Worker {
let thread = thread::spawn(|| {});
Worker { id, thread }
}
}lib.rs 修改二
use std::thread;
use std::sync::mpsc;
pub struct ThreadPool {
workers: Vec<Worker>,
sender: mpsc::Sender<Job>,
}
struct Job;
impl ThreadPool {
/// Creates a new ThreadPool.
///
/// The size is the number of threads in the pool.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// The `new` function will panic if the size is zero.
pub fn new(size: usize) -> ThreadPool {
assert!(size > 0);
let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::channel();
let mut workers = Vec::with_capacity(size);
for id in 0..size {
workers.push(Worker::new(id, receiver));
}
ThreadPool { workers, sender }
}
pub fn execute<F>(&self, f: F)
where
F: FnOnce() + Send + 'static,
{
}
}
struct Worker {
id: usize,
thread: thread::JoinHandle<()>,
}
impl Worker {
fn new(id: usize, receiver: mpsc::Receiver<Job>) -> Worker {
let thread = thread::spawn(|| {
receiver;
});
Worker { id, thread }
}
}lib.rs 修改三
use std::thread;
use std::sync::mpsc;
use std::sync::Arc;
use std::sync::Mutex;
pub struct ThreadPool {
workers: Vec<Worker>,
sender: mpsc::Sender<Job>,
}
struct Job;
impl ThreadPool {
/// Creates a new ThreadPool.
///
/// The size is the number of threads in the pool.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// The `new` function will panic if the size is zero.
pub fn new(size: usize) -> ThreadPool {
assert!(size > 0);
let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::channel();
let receiver = Arc::new(Mutex::new(receiver));
let mut workers = Vec::with_capacity(size);
for id in 0..size {
workers.push(Worker::new(id, Arc::clone(&receiver)));
}
ThreadPool { workers, sender }
}
pub fn execute<F>(&self, f: F)
where
F: FnOnce() + Send + 'static,
{
}
}
struct Worker {
id: usize,
thread: thread::JoinHandle<()>,
}
impl Worker {
fn new(id: usize, receiver: Arc<Mutex<mpsc::Receiver<Job>>>) -> Worker {
let thread = thread::spawn(|| {
receiver;
});
Worker { id, thread }
}
}lib.rs 修改四
use std::thread;
use std::sync::mpsc;
use std::sync::Arc;
use std::sync::Mutex;
pub struct ThreadPool {
workers: Vec<Worker>,
sender: mpsc::Sender<Job>,
}
// struct Job;
type Job = Box<FnOnce() + Send + 'static>;
impl ThreadPool {
/// Creates a new ThreadPool.
///
/// The size is the number of threads in the pool.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// The `new` function will panic if the size is zero.
pub fn new(size: usize) -> ThreadPool {
assert!(size > 0);
let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::channel();
let receiver = Arc::new(Mutex::new(receiver));
let mut workers = Vec::with_capacity(size);
for id in 0..size {
workers.push(Worker::new(id, Arc::clone(&receiver)));
}
ThreadPool { workers, sender }
}
pub fn execute<F>(&self, f: F)
where
F: FnOnce() + Send + 'static,
{
let job = Box::new(f);
self.sender.send(job).unwrap();
}
}
struct Worker {
id: usize,
thread: thread::JoinHandle<()>,
}
impl Worker {
fn new(id: usize, receiver: Arc<Mutex<mpsc::Receiver<Job>>>) -> Worker {
let thread = thread::spawn(move || loop {
let job = receiver.lock().unwrap().recv().unwrap();
println!("Worker {} got a job; executing.", id);
(*job)();
});
Worker { id, thread }
}
}lib.rs 修改五
use std::thread;use std::sync::mpsc;use std::sync::Arc;use std::sync::Mutex;pub struct ThreadPool { workers: Vec, sender: mpsc::Sender,}// struct Job;// type Job = Box;impl ThreadPool { /// Creates a new ThreadPool. /// /// The size is the number of threads in the pool. /// /// # Panics /// /// The `new` function will panic if the size is zero. pub fn new(size: usize) -> ThreadPool { assert!(size > 0); let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::channel(); let receiver = Arc::new(Mutex::new(receiver)); let mut workers = Vec::with_capacity(size); for id in 0..size { workers.push(Worker::new(id, Arc::clone(&receiver))); } ThreadPool { workers, sender } } pub fn execute(&self, f: F) where F: FnOnce() + Send + 'static, { let job = Box::new(f); self.sender.send(job).unwrap(); }}struct Worker { id: usize, thread: thread::JoinHandle,}trait FnBox { fn call_box(self: Box);}impl FnBox for F { fn call_box(self: Box) { (*self)() }}type Job = Box;impl ThreadPool { /// Creates a new ThreadPool. /// /// The size is the number of threads in the pool. /// /// # Panics /// /// The `new` function will panic if the size is zero. pub fn new(size: usize) -> ThreadPool { assert!(size > 0); let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::channel(); let receiver = Arc::new(Mutex::new(receiver)); let mut workers = Vec::with_capacity(size); for id in 0..size { workers.push(Worker::new(id, Arc::clone(&receiver))); } ThreadPool { workers, sender } } pub fn execute(&self, f: F) where F: FnOnce() + Send + 'static, { let job = Box::new(f); self.sender.send(job).unwrap(); }}impl Drop for ThreadPool { fn drop(&mut self) { for worker in &mut self.workers { println!("Shutting down worker {}", worker.id); worker.thread.join().unwrap() } }}struct Worker { id: usize, thread: thread::JoinHandle,}trait FnBox { fn call_box(self: Box);}impl FnBox for F { fn call_box(self: Box) { (*self)() }}type Job = Box;impl ThreadPool { /// Creates a new ThreadPool. /// /// The size is the number of threads in the pool. /// /// # Panics /// /// The `new` function will panic if the size is zero. pub fn new(size: usize) -> ThreadPool { assert!(size > 0); let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::channel(); let receiver = Arc::new(Mutex::new(receiver)); let mut workers = Vec::with_capacity(size); for id in 0..size { workers.push(Worker::new(id, Arc::clone(&receiver))); } ThreadPool { workers, sender } } pub fn execute(&self, f: F) where F: FnOnce() + Send + 'static, { let job = Box::new(f); self.sender.send(job).unwrap(); }}impl Drop for ThreadPool { fn drop(&mut self) { for worker in &mut self.workers { println!("Shutting down worker {}", worker.id); if let Some(thread) = worker.thread.take() { thread.join().unwrap(); } } }}struct Worker { id: usize, thread: Option,}trait FnBox { fn call_box(self: Box);}impl FnBox for F { fn call_box(self: Box) { (*self)() }}type Job = Box;impl ThreadPool { /// Creates a new ThreadPool. /// /// The size is the number of threads in the pool. /// /// # Panics /// /// The `new` function will panic if the size is zero. pub fn new(size: usize) -> ThreadPool { assert!(size > 0); let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::channel(); let receiver = Arc::new(Mutex::new(receiver)); let mut workers = Vec::with_capacity(size); for id in 0..size { workers.push(Worker::new(id, Arc::clone(&receiver))); } ThreadPool { workers, sender } } pub fn execute(&self, f: F) where F: FnOnce() + Send + 'static, { let job = Box::new(f); self.sender.send(Message::NewJob(job)).unwrap(); }}impl Drop for ThreadPool { fn drop(&mut self) { println!("Sending terminate message to all workers."); for _ in &mut self.workers { self.sender.send(Message::Terminate).unwrap(); } println!("Shutting down all workers."); for worker in &mut self.workers { println!("Shutting down worker {}", worker.id); if let Some(thread) = worker.thread.take() { thread.join().unwrap(); } } }}struct Worker { id: usize, thread: Option,}trait FnBox { fn call_box(self: Box);}impl FnBox for F { fn call_box(self: Box) { (*self)() }}type Job = Box
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