ElasticSearch学习九 文档查询
九、文档的查询Elasticsearch提供了基于JSON的DSL(Domain Specific Language)来定义查询。常见的查询类型包括。
[*]查询所有：查询出所有数据，一般测试用。例如：match_all
[*]全文检索(full text)查询：利用分词器对用户输入内容分词，然后去倒排索引库中匹配。例如：
match_query
multi_match_query
[*]精确查询：根据精确词条值查找数据，一般是查找keyword、数值、日期、boolean等类型字段。例如：
ids
range
term
[*]地理(geo)查询：根据经纬度查询。例如：
geo_distance
geo_bounding_box
[*]复合(compound)查询：复合查询可以将上述各种查询条件组合起来，合并查询条件。例如：
bool
function_score
9.1、term查询
Elasticsearch默认采用的是standard，这个分词器是一个字一个词，例如我们在person这个索引里面有以下几条数据
{
"took" : 49,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 4,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 0.105360515,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "person",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_score" : 0.105360515,
"_source" : {
"name" : "张三",
"age" : 30,
"address" : "杭州市滨江区"
}
},
{
"_index" : "person",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "e0DxjYABtRuVRBuRfJYL",
"_score" : 0.105360515,
"_source" : {
"name" : "李四",
"age" : 30,
"address" : "杭州市滨江区"
}
},
{
"_index" : "person",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "fEDxjYABtRuVRBuRg5aL",
"_score" : 0.105360515,
"_source" : {
"name" : "李四",
"age" : 30,
"address" : "杭州市滨江区"
}
},
{
"_index" : "person",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "4",
"_score" : 0.105360515,
"_source" : {
"name" : "李四",
"age" : 30,
"address" : "杭州市滨江区"
}
}
]
}
}
采用term进行查询
GET person/_search
{
"query": {
"term": {
"address": {
"value": "杭州"
}
}
}
}
返回的结果
{
"took" : 47,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 0,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : null,
"hits" : [ ]
}
}
任何词条都没有查询到。
9.2、创建指定分词器的索引
创建索引
put http://192.168.2.128:9200/person
//入参
{
"mappings":{
"properties":{
"name":{
"type":"keyword"
},
"address":{
"type":"text",
"analyzer":"ik_max_word"
}
}
}
}
//结果
{
"acknowledged": true,
"shards_acknowledged": true,
"index": "person"
}
查询索引
查询指定分词器的索引
get http://192.168.2.128:9200/person
// 运行结果
{
"person": {
"aliases": {},
"mappings": {
"properties": {
"address": {
"type": "text",
"analyzer": "ik_max_word" //address字段使用ik分词器进行分词
},
"name": {
"type": "keyword"
}
}
},
"settings": {
"index": {
"creation_date": "1651665740384",
"number_of_shards": "1",
"number_of_replicas": "1",
"uuid": "nYelz6sgQMWpcNEt-hrGUA",
"version": {
"created": "7040299"
},
"provided_name": "person"
}
}
}
}
添加文档
POST http://192.168.2.128:9200/person/_doc/1
{
"name" : "李四",
"address" : "杭州市滨江区"
}
POST http://192.168.2.128:9200/person/_doc/2
{
"name" : "李四",
"address" : "北京市朝阳区"
}
分词查询
GET http://192.168.2.128:9200/person/_search
//入参
{
"query": {
"term": {
"address": {
"value": "北京"
}
}
}
}
//结果
{
"took" : 758,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 1,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 0.6931472,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "person",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "2",
"_score" : 0.6931472,
"_source" : {
"name" : "李四",
"address" : "北京市朝阳区"
}
}
]
}
}
9.3、match查询
match会对查询条件进行分词，然后匹配的结果的并集返回。
GET person/_search
{
"query": {
"match": {
"address": "北京杭州"
}
}
}
//查询结果
{
"took" : 736,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 2,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 0.6931472,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "person",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_score" : 0.6931472,
"_source" : {
"name" : "李四",
"address" : "杭州市滨江区"
}
},
{
"_index" : "person",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "2",
"_score" : 0.6931472,
"_source" : {
"name" : "李四",
"address" : "北京市朝阳区"
}
}
]
}
}
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