论坛 › .Net › Simple Date Format类到底为啥不是线程安全的？

熊熊出没 发表于 2023-6-5 12:33:13

Simple Date Format类到底为啥不是线程安全的？

摘要：我们就一起看下在高并发下Simple Date Format类为何会出现安全问题，以及如何解决Simple Date Format类的安全问题。本文分享自华为云社区《【高并发】SimpleDateFormat类到底为啥不是线程安全的？》，作者：冰 河。
首先问下大家：你使用的Simple Date Format类还安全吗？为什么说Simple Date Format 类不是线程安全的？带着问题从本文中寻求答案。
提起Simple Date Format 类，想必做过Java开发的童鞋都不会感到陌生。没错，它就是Java中提供的日期时间的转化类。这里，为什么说Simple Date Format 类有线程安全问题呢？有些小伙伴可能会提出疑问：我们生产环境上一直在使用Simple Date Format 类来解析和格式化日期和时间类型的数据，一直都没有问题啊！我的回答是：没错，那是因为你们的系统达不到Simple Date Format 类出现问题的并发量，也就是说你们的系统没啥负载！
接下来，我们就一起看下在高并发下Simple Date Format 类为何会出现安全问题，以及如何解决 Simple Date Format 类的安全问题。
重现 Simple Date Format类的线程安全问题

为了重现Simple Date Format类的线程安全问题，一种比较简单的方式就是使用线程池结合Java并发包中的Count Down Latch类和Semaphore类来重现线程安全问题。
有关Count Down Latch 类和Semaphore类的具体用法和底层原理与源码解析在【高并发专题】后文会深度分析。这里，大家只需要知道 Count Down Latch 类可以使一个线程等待其他线程各自执行完毕后再执行。而Semaphore类可以理解为一个计数信号量，必须由获取它的线程释放，经常用来限制访问某些资源的线程数量，例如限流等。
好了，先来看下重现Simple Date Format 类的线程安全问题的代码，如下所示。
package io.binghe.concurrent.lab06;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
/**
* @author binghe
* @version 1.0.0
* @description 测试SimpleDateFormat的线程不安全问题
*/
public class SimpleDateFormatTest01 {
//执行总次数
private static final int EXECUTE_COUNT = 1000;
//同时运行的线程数量
private static final int THREAD_COUNT = 20;
//SimpleDateFormat对象
private static SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(THREAD_COUNT);
final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(EXECUTE_COUNT);
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
for (int i = 0; i < EXECUTE_COUNT; i++){
executorService.execute(() -> {
try {
semaphore.acquire();
try {
simpleDateFormat.parse("2020-01-01");
} catch (ParseException e) {
System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}catch (NumberFormatException e){
System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
semaphore.release();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("信号量发生错误");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
countDownLatch.countDown();
});
}
countDownLatch.await();
executorService.shutdown();
System.out.println("package io.binghe.concurrent.lab06;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
/**
* @author binghe
* @version 1.0.0
* @description 局部变量法解决SimpleDateFormat类的线程安全问题
*/
public class SimpleDateFormatTest02 {
//执行总次数
private static final int EXECUTE_COUNT = 1000;
//同时运行的线程数量
private static final int THREAD_COUNT = 20;
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(THREAD_COUNT);
final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(EXECUTE_COUNT);
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
for (int i = 0; i < EXECUTE_COUNT; i++){
executorService.execute(() -> {
try {
semaphore.acquire();
try {
SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
simpleDateFormat.parse("2020-01-01");
} catch (ParseException e) {
System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}catch (NumberFormatException e){
System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
semaphore.release();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("信号量发生错误");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
countDownLatch.countDown();
});
}
countDownLatch.await();
executorService.shutdown();
System.out.println("synchronized (simpleDateFormat){
simpleDateFormat.parse("2020-01-01");
}");
}
}");
}
}可以看到，在SimpleDateFormatTest01类中，首先定义了两个常量，一个是程序执行的总次数，一个是同时运行的线程数量。程序中结合线程池和Count Down Latch类与Semaphore类来模拟高并发的业务场景。其中，有关日期转化的代码只有如下一行。
simpleDateFormat.parse("2020-01-01");当程序捕获到异常时，打印相关的信息，并退出整个程序的运行。当程序正确运行后，会打印“package io.binghe.concurrent.lab06;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
/**
* @author binghe
* @version 1.0.0
* @description 局部变量法解决SimpleDateFormat类的线程安全问题
*/
public class SimpleDateFormatTest02 {
//执行总次数
private static final int EXECUTE_COUNT = 1000;
//同时运行的线程数量
private static final int THREAD_COUNT = 20;
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(THREAD_COUNT);
final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(EXECUTE_COUNT);
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
for (int i = 0; i < EXECUTE_COUNT; i++){
executorService.execute(() -> {
try {
semaphore.acquire();
try {
SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
simpleDateFormat.parse("2020-01-01");
} catch (ParseException e) {
System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}catch (NumberFormatException e){
System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
semaphore.release();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("信号量发生错误");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
countDownLatch.countDown();
});
}
countDownLatch.await();
executorService.shutdown();
System.out.println("synchronized (simpleDateFormat){
simpleDateFormat.parse("2020-01-01");
}");
}
}”。
运行程序输出的结果信息如下所示。
Exception in thread "pool-1-thread-4" Exception in thread "pool-1-thread-1" Exception in thread "pool-1-thread-2" 线程：pool-1-thread-7 格式化日期失败
线程：pool-1-thread-9 格式化日期失败
线程：pool-1-thread-10 格式化日期失败
Exception in thread "pool-1-thread-3" Exception in thread "pool-1-thread-5" Exception in thread "pool-1-thread-6" 线程：pool-1-thread-15 格式化日期失败
线程：pool-1-thread-21 格式化日期失败
Exception in thread "pool-1-thread-23" 线程：pool-1-thread-16 格式化日期失败
线程：pool-1-thread-11 格式化日期失败
java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
线程：pool-1-thread-27 格式化日期失败
at java.lang.System.arraycopy(Native Method)
at java.lang.AbstractStringBuilder.append(AbstractStringBuilder.java:597)
at java.lang.StringBuffer.append(StringBuffer.java:367)
at java.text.DigitList.getLong(DigitList.java:191)线程：pool-1-thread-25 格式化日期失败
at java.text.DecimalFormat.parse(DecimalFormat.java:2084)
at java.text.SimpleDateFormat.subParse(SimpleDateFormat.java:1869)
at java.text.SimpleDateFormat.parse(SimpleDateFormat.java:1514)
线程：pool-1-thread-14 格式化日期失败
at java.text.DateFormat.parse(DateFormat.java:364)
at io.binghe.concurrent.lab06.SimpleDateFormatTest01.lambda$main$0(SimpleDateFormatTest01.java:47)
线程：pool-1-thread-13 格式化日期失败at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: ""
at java.lang.NumberFormatException.forInputString(NumberFormatException.java:65)
线程：pool-1-thread-20 格式化日期失败at java.lang.Long.parseLong(Long.java:601)
at java.lang.Long.parseLong(Long.java:631)
at java.text.DigitList.getLong(DigitList.java:195)
at java.text.DecimalFormat.parse(DecimalFormat.java:2084)
at java.text.SimpleDateFormat.subParse(SimpleDateFormat.java:2162)
at java.text.SimpleDateFormat.parse(SimpleDateFormat.java:1514)
at java.text.DateFormat.parse(DateFormat.java:364)
at io.binghe.concurrent.lab06.SimpleDateFormatTest01.lambda$main$0(SimpleDateFormatTest01.java:47)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: ""
at java.lang.NumberFormatException.forInputString(NumberFormatException.java:65)
at java.lang.Long.parseLong(Long.java:601)
at java.lang.Long.parseLong(Long.java:631)
at java.text.DigitList.getLong(DigitList.java:195)
at java.text.DecimalFormat.parse(DecimalFormat.java:2084)
at java.text.SimpleDateFormat.subParse(SimpleDateFormat.java:1869)
at java.text.SimpleDateFormat.parse(SimpleDateFormat.java:1514)
at java.text.DateFormat.parse(DateFormat.java:364)
Process finished with exit code 1说明，在高并发下使用Simple Date Format 类格式化日期时抛出了异常，Simple Date Forma t类不是线程安全的！！！
接下来，我们就看下，Simple Date Format 类为何不是线程安全的。
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2030258/202306/2030258-20230605105358883-157191072.png
Simple Date Format 类为何不是线程安全的？

那么，接下来，我们就一起来看看真正引起Simple Date Format类线程不安全的根本原因。
通过查看Simple Date Format类的源码，我们得知：Simple Date Format是继承自Date Format类，Date Format类中维护了一个全局的Calendar变量，如下所示。
/**
* The {@link Calendar} instance used for calculating the date-time fields
* and the instant of time. This field is used for both formatting and
* parsing.
*
* <p>Subclasses should initialize this field to a {@link Calendar}
* appropriate for the {@link Locale} associated with this
* DateFormat.
* @serial
*/
protected Calendar calendar;从注释可以看出，这个Calendar对象既用于格式化也用于解析日期时间。接下来，我们再查看parse()方法接近最后的部分。
@Override
public Date parse(String text, ParsePosition pos){
    ################此处省略N行代码##################
Date parsedDate;
try {
parsedDate = calb.establish(calendar).getTime();
// If the year value is ambiguous,
// then the two-digit year == the default start year
if (ambiguousYear) {
if (parsedDate.before(defaultCenturyStart)) {
parsedDate = calb.addYear(100).establish(calendar).getTime();
}
}
}
// An IllegalArgumentException will be thrown by Calendar.getTime()
// if any fields are out of range, e.g., MONTH == 17.
catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
pos.errorIndex = start;
pos.index = oldStart;
return null;
}
return parsedDate;
}可见，最后的返回值是通过调用CalendarBuilder.establish()方法获得的，而这个方法的参数正好就是前面的Calendar对象。
接下来，我们再来看看CalendarBuilder.establish()方法，如下所示。
Calendar establish(Calendar cal) {
boolean weekDate = isSet(WEEK_YEAR)
&& field > field;
if (weekDate && !cal.isWeekDateSupported()) {
// Use YEAR instead
if (!isSet(YEAR)) {
set(YEAR, field);
}
weekDate = false;
}
cal.clear();
// Set the fields from the min stamp to the max stamp so that
// the field resolution works in the Calendar.
for (int stamp = MINIMUM_USER_STAMP; stamp < nextStamp; stamp++) {
for (int index = 0; index <= maxFieldIndex; index++) {
if (field == stamp) {
cal.set(index, field);
break;
}
}
}
if (weekDate) {
int weekOfYear = isSet(WEEK_OF_YEAR) ? field : 1;
int dayOfWeek = isSet(DAY_OF_WEEK) ?
field : cal.getFirstDayOfWeek();
if (!isValidDayOfWeek(dayOfWeek) && cal.isLenient()) {
if (dayOfWeek >= 8) {
dayOfWeek--;
weekOfYear += dayOfWeek / 7;
dayOfWeek = (dayOfWeek % 7) + 1;
} else {
while (dayOfWeek <= 0) {
dayOfWeek += 7;
weekOfYear--;
}
}
dayOfWeek = toCalendarDayOfWeek(dayOfWeek);
}
cal.setWeekDate(field, weekOfYear, dayOfWeek);
}
return cal;
}此时运行修改后的程序，输出结果如下所示。
package io.binghe.concurrent.lab06;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
/**
* @author binghe
* @version 1.0.0
* @description 局部变量法解决SimpleDateFormat类的线程安全问题
*/
public class SimpleDateFormatTest02 {
//执行总次数
private static final int EXECUTE_COUNT = 1000;
//同时运行的线程数量
private static final int THREAD_COUNT = 20;
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(THREAD_COUNT);
final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(EXECUTE_COUNT);
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
for (int i = 0; i < EXECUTE_COUNT; i++){
executorService.execute(() -> {
try {
semaphore.acquire();
try {
SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
simpleDateFormat.parse("2020-01-01");
} catch (ParseException e) {
System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}catch (NumberFormatException e){
System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
semaphore.release();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("信号量发生错误");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
countDownLatch.countDown();
});
}
countDownLatch.await();
executorService.shutdown();
System.out.println("synchronized (simpleDateFormat){
simpleDateFormat.parse("2020-01-01");
}");
}
}至于在高并发场景下使用局部变量为何能解决线程的安全问题，会在【JVM专题】的JVM内存模式相关内容中深入剖析，这里不做过多的介绍了。
当然，这种方式在高并发下会创建大量的SimpleDateFormat类对象，影响程序的性能，所以，这种方式在实际生产环境不太被推荐。
2.synchronized锁方式

将SimpleDateFormat类对象定义成全局静态变量，此时所有线程共享SimpleDateFormat类对象，此时在调用格式化时间的方法时，对SimpleDateFormat对象进行同步即可，代码如下所示。
package io.binghe.concurrent.lab06;import java.text.ParseException;import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;/** * @author binghe * @version 1.0.0 * @description 通过Synchronized锁解决SimpleDateFormat类的线程安全问题 */public class SimpleDateFormatTest03 { //执行总次数 private static final int EXECUTE_COUNT = 1000; //同时运行的线程数量 private static final int THREAD_COUNT = 20; //SimpleDateFormat对象 private static SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"); public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(THREAD_COUNT); final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(EXECUTE_COUNT); ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); for (int i = 0; i < EXECUTE_COUNT; i++){ executorService.execute(() -> { try { semaphore.acquire(); try { synchronized (simpleDateFormat){ simpleDateFormat.parse("2020-01-01"); } } catch (ParseException e) { System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败"); e.printStackTrace(); System.exit(1); }catch (NumberFormatException e){ System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败"); e.printStackTrace(); System.exit(1); } semaphore.release(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { System.out.println("信号量发生错误"); e.printStackTrace(); System.exit(1); } countDownLatch.countDown(); }); } countDownLatch.await(); executorService.shutdown(); System.out.println("package io.binghe.concurrent.lab06;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
/**
* @author binghe
* @version 1.0.0
* @description 局部变量法解决SimpleDateFormat类的线程安全问题
*/
public class SimpleDateFormatTest02 {
//执行总次数
private static final int EXECUTE_COUNT = 1000;
//同时运行的线程数量
private static final int THREAD_COUNT = 20;
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(THREAD_COUNT);
final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(EXECUTE_COUNT);
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
for (int i = 0; i < EXECUTE_COUNT; i++){
executorService.execute(() -> {
try {
semaphore.acquire();
try {
SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
simpleDateFormat.parse("2020-01-01");
} catch (ParseException e) {
System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}catch (NumberFormatException e){
System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
semaphore.release();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("信号量发生错误");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
countDownLatch.countDown();
});
}
countDownLatch.await();
executorService.shutdown();
System.out.println("synchronized (simpleDateFormat){
simpleDateFormat.parse("2020-01-01");
}");
}
}"); }}此时，解决问题的关键代码如下所示。
package io.binghe.concurrent.lab06;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
/**
* @author binghe
* @version 1.0.0
* @description 通过Synchronized锁解决SimpleDateFormat类的线程安全问题
*/
public class SimpleDateFormatTest03 {
//执行总次数
private static final int EXECUTE_COUNT = 1000;
//同时运行的线程数量
private static final int THREAD_COUNT = 20;
//SimpleDateFormat对象
private static SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(THREAD_COUNT);
final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(EXECUTE_COUNT);
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
for (int i = 0; i < EXECUTE_COUNT; i++){
executorService.execute(() -> {
try {
semaphore.acquire();
try {
synchronized (simpleDateFormat){
simpleDateFormat.parse("2020-01-01");
}
} catch (ParseException e) {
System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}catch (NumberFormatException e){
System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
semaphore.release();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("信号量发生错误");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
countDownLatch.countDown();
});
}
countDownLatch.await();
executorService.shutdown();
System.out.println("synchronized (simpleDateFormat){
simpleDateFormat.parse("2020-01-01");
}");
}
}运行程序，输出结果如下所示。
package io.binghe.concurrent.lab06;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
/**
* @author binghe
* @version 1.0.0
* @description 局部变量法解决SimpleDateFormat类的线程安全问题
*/
public class SimpleDateFormatTest02 {
//执行总次数
private static final int EXECUTE_COUNT = 1000;
//同时运行的线程数量
private static final int THREAD_COUNT = 20;
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(THREAD_COUNT);
final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(EXECUTE_COUNT);
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
for (int i = 0; i < EXECUTE_COUNT; i++){
executorService.execute(() -> {
try {
semaphore.acquire();
try {
SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
simpleDateFormat.parse("2020-01-01");
} catch (ParseException e) {
System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}catch (NumberFormatException e){
System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
semaphore.release();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("信号量发生错误");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
countDownLatch.countDown();
});
}
countDownLatch.await();
executorService.shutdown();
System.out.println("synchronized (simpleDateFormat){
simpleDateFormat.parse("2020-01-01");
}");
}
}需要注意的是，虽然这种方式能够解决SimpleDateFormat类的线程安全问题，但是由于在程序的执行过程中，为SimpleDateFormat类对象加上了synchronized锁，导致同一时刻只能有一个线程执行parse(String)方法。此时，会影响程序的执行性能，在要求高并发的生产环境下，此种方式也是不太推荐使用的。
3.Lock锁方式

Lock锁方式与synchronized锁方式实现原理相同，都是在高并发下通过JVM的锁机制来保证程序的线程安全。通过Lock锁方式解决问题的代码如下所示。
package io.binghe.concurrent.lab06;import java.text.ParseException;import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;/** * @author binghe * @version 1.0.0 * @description 通过Lock锁解决SimpleDateFormat类的线程安全问题 */public class SimpleDateFormatTest04 { //执行总次数 private static final int EXECUTE_COUNT = 1000; //同时运行的线程数量 private static final int THREAD_COUNT = 20; //SimpleDateFormat对象 private static SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"); //Lock对象 private static Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(); public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(THREAD_COUNT); final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(EXECUTE_COUNT); ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); for (int i = 0; i < EXECUTE_COUNT; i++){ executorService.execute(() -> { try { semaphore.acquire(); try { lock.lock(); simpleDateFormat.parse("2020-01-01"); } catch (ParseException e) { System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败"); e.printStackTrace(); System.exit(1); }catch (NumberFormatException e){ System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败"); e.printStackTrace(); System.exit(1); }finally { lock.unlock(); } semaphore.release(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { System.out.println("信号量发生错误"); e.printStackTrace(); System.exit(1); } countDownLatch.countDown(); }); } countDownLatch.await(); executorService.shutdown(); System.out.println("package io.binghe.concurrent.lab06;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
/**
* @author binghe
* @version 1.0.0
* @description 局部变量法解决SimpleDateFormat类的线程安全问题
*/
public class SimpleDateFormatTest02 {
//执行总次数
private static final int EXECUTE_COUNT = 1000;
//同时运行的线程数量
private static final int THREAD_COUNT = 20;
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(THREAD_COUNT);
final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(EXECUTE_COUNT);
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
for (int i = 0; i < EXECUTE_COUNT; i++){
executorService.execute(() -> {
try {
semaphore.acquire();
try {
SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
simpleDateFormat.parse("2020-01-01");
} catch (ParseException e) {
System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}catch (NumberFormatException e){
System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
semaphore.release();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("信号量发生错误");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
countDownLatch.countDown();
});
}
countDownLatch.await();
executorService.shutdown();
System.out.println("synchronized (simpleDateFormat){
simpleDateFormat.parse("2020-01-01");
}");
}
}"); }}通过代码可以得知，首先，定义了一个Lock类型的全局静态变量作为加锁和释放锁的句柄。然后在simpleDateFormat.parse(String)代码之前通过lock.lock()加锁。这里需要注意的一点是：为防止程序抛出异常而导致锁不能被释放，一定要将释放锁的操作放到finally代码块中，如下所示。
package io.binghe.concurrent.lab06;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
/**
* @author binghe
* @version 1.0.0
* @description 通过Lock锁解决SimpleDateFormat类的线程安全问题
*/
public class SimpleDateFormatTest04 {
//执行总次数
private static final int EXECUTE_COUNT = 1000;
//同时运行的线程数量
private static final int THREAD_COUNT = 20;
//SimpleDateFormat对象
private static SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
//Lock对象
private static Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(THREAD_COUNT);
final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(EXECUTE_COUNT);
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
for (int i = 0; i < EXECUTE_COUNT; i++){
executorService.execute(() -> {
try {
semaphore.acquire();
try {
lock.lock();
simpleDateFormat.parse("2020-01-01");
} catch (ParseException e) {
System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}catch (NumberFormatException e){
System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}finally {
lock.unlock();
}
semaphore.release();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("信号量发生错误");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
countDownLatch.countDown();
});
}
countDownLatch.await();
executorService.shutdown();
System.out.println("finally {
lock.unlock();
}");
}
}运行程序，输出结果如下所示。
package io.binghe.concurrent.lab06;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
/**
* @author binghe
* @version 1.0.0
* @description 局部变量法解决SimpleDateFormat类的线程安全问题
*/
public class SimpleDateFormatTest02 {
//执行总次数
private static final int EXECUTE_COUNT = 1000;
//同时运行的线程数量
private static final int THREAD_COUNT = 20;
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(THREAD_COUNT);
final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(EXECUTE_COUNT);
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
for (int i = 0; i < EXECUTE_COUNT; i++){
executorService.execute(() -> {
try {
semaphore.acquire();
try {
SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
simpleDateFormat.parse("2020-01-01");
} catch (ParseException e) {
System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}catch (NumberFormatException e){
System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
semaphore.release();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("信号量发生错误");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
countDownLatch.countDown();
});
}
countDownLatch.await();
executorService.shutdown();
System.out.println("synchronized (simpleDateFormat){
simpleDateFormat.parse("2020-01-01");
}");
}
}此种方式同样会影响高并发场景下的性能，不太建议在高并发的生产环境使用。
4.ThreadLocal方式

使用ThreadLocal存储每个线程拥有的SimpleDateFormat对象的副本，能够有效的避免多线程造成的线程安全问题，使用ThreadLocal解决线程安全问题的代码如下所示。
package io.binghe.concurrent.lab06;import java.text.DateFormat;import java.text.ParseException;import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;/** * @author binghe * @version 1.0.0 * @description 通过ThreadLocal解决SimpleDateFormat类的线程安全问题 */public class SimpleDateFormatTest05 { //执行总次数 private static final int EXECUTE_COUNT = 1000; //同时运行的线程数量 private static final int THREAD_COUNT = 20; private static ThreadLocal threadLocal = new ThreadLocal(){ @Override protected DateFormat initialValue() { return new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"); } }; public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(THREAD_COUNT); final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(EXECUTE_COUNT); ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); for (int i = 0; i < EXECUTE_COUNT; i++){ executorService.execute(() -> { try { semaphore.acquire(); try { threadLocal.get().parse("2020-01-01"); } catch (ParseException e) { System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败"); e.printStackTrace(); System.exit(1); }catch (NumberFormatException e){ System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败"); e.printStackTrace(); System.exit(1); } semaphore.release(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { System.out.println("信号量发生错误"); e.printStackTrace(); System.exit(1); } countDownLatch.countDown(); }); } countDownLatch.await(); executorService.shutdown(); System.out.println("package io.binghe.concurrent.lab06;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
/**
* @author binghe
* @version 1.0.0
* @description 局部变量法解决SimpleDateFormat类的线程安全问题
*/
public class SimpleDateFormatTest02 {
//执行总次数
private static final int EXECUTE_COUNT = 1000;
//同时运行的线程数量
private static final int THREAD_COUNT = 20;
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(THREAD_COUNT);
final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(EXECUTE_COUNT);
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
for (int i = 0; i < EXECUTE_COUNT; i++){
executorService.execute(() -> {
try {
semaphore.acquire();
try {
SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
simpleDateFormat.parse("2020-01-01");
} catch (ParseException e) {
System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}catch (NumberFormatException e){
System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
semaphore.release();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("信号量发生错误");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
countDownLatch.countDown();
});
}
countDownLatch.await();
executorService.shutdown();
System.out.println("synchronized (simpleDateFormat){
simpleDateFormat.parse("2020-01-01");
}");
}
}"); }}通过代码可以得知，将每个线程使用的SimpleDateFormat副本保存在ThreadLocal中，各个线程在使用时互不干扰，从而解决了线程安全问题。
运行程序，输出结果如下所示。
package io.binghe.concurrent.lab06;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
/**
* @author binghe
* @version 1.0.0
* @description 局部变量法解决SimpleDateFormat类的线程安全问题
*/
public class SimpleDateFormatTest02 {
//执行总次数
private static final int EXECUTE_COUNT = 1000;
//同时运行的线程数量
private static final int THREAD_COUNT = 20;
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(THREAD_COUNT);
final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(EXECUTE_COUNT);
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
for (int i = 0; i < EXECUTE_COUNT; i++){
executorService.execute(() -> {
try {
semaphore.acquire();
try {
SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
simpleDateFormat.parse("2020-01-01");
} catch (ParseException e) {
System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}catch (NumberFormatException e){
System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
semaphore.release();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("信号量发生错误");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
countDownLatch.countDown();
});
}
countDownLatch.await();
executorService.shutdown();
System.out.println("synchronized (simpleDateFormat){
simpleDateFormat.parse("2020-01-01");
}");
}
}此种方式运行效率比较高，推荐在高并发业务场景的生产环境使用。
另外，使用ThreadLocal也可以写成如下形式的代码，效果是一样的。
package io.binghe.concurrent.lab06;import java.text.DateFormat;import java.text.ParseException;import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;/** * @author binghe * @version 1.0.0 * @description 通过ThreadLocal解决SimpleDateFormat类的线程安全问题 */public class SimpleDateFormatTest06 { //执行总次数 private static final int EXECUTE_COUNT = 1000; //同时运行的线程数量 private static final int THREAD_COUNT = 20; private static ThreadLocal threadLocal = new ThreadLocal(); private static DateFormat getDateFormat(){ DateFormat dateFormat = threadLocal.get(); if(dateFormat == null){ dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"); threadLocal.set(dateFormat); } return dateFormat; } public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(THREAD_COUNT); final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(EXECUTE_COUNT); ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); for (int i = 0; i < EXECUTE_COUNT; i++){ executorService.execute(() -> { try { semaphore.acquire(); try { getDateFormat().parse("2020-01-01"); } catch (ParseException e) { System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败"); e.printStackTrace(); System.exit(1); }catch (NumberFormatException e){ System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败"); e.printStackTrace(); System.exit(1); } semaphore.release(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { System.out.println("信号量发生错误"); e.printStackTrace(); System.exit(1); } countDownLatch.countDown(); }); } countDownLatch.await(); executorService.shutdown(); System.out.println("package io.binghe.concurrent.lab06;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
/**
* @author binghe
* @version 1.0.0
* @description 局部变量法解决SimpleDateFormat类的线程安全问题
*/
public class SimpleDateFormatTest02 {
//执行总次数
private static final int EXECUTE_COUNT = 1000;
//同时运行的线程数量
private static final int THREAD_COUNT = 20;
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(THREAD_COUNT);
final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(EXECUTE_COUNT);
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
for (int i = 0; i < EXECUTE_COUNT; i++){
executorService.execute(() -> {
try {
semaphore.acquire();
try {
SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
simpleDateFormat.parse("2020-01-01");
} catch (ParseException e) {
System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}catch (NumberFormatException e){
System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
semaphore.release();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("信号量发生错误");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
countDownLatch.countDown();
});
}
countDownLatch.await();
executorService.shutdown();
System.out.println("synchronized (simpleDateFormat){
simpleDateFormat.parse("2020-01-01");
}");
}
}"); }}5.DateTimeFormatter方式

DateTimeFormatter是Java8提供的新的日期时间API中的类，DateTimeFormatter类是线程安全的，可以在高并发场景下直接使用DateTimeFormatter类来处理日期的格式化操作。代码如下所示。
package io.binghe.concurrent.lab06;import java.time.LocalDate;import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;/** * @author binghe * @version 1.0.0 * @description 通过DateTimeFormatter类解决线程安全问题 */public class SimpleDateFormatTest07 { //执行总次数 private static final int EXECUTE_COUNT = 1000; //同时运行的线程数量 private static final int THREAD_COUNT = 20; private static DateTimeFormatter formatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd"); public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(THREAD_COUNT); final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(EXECUTE_COUNT); ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); for (int i = 0; i < EXECUTE_COUNT; i++){ executorService.execute(() -> { try { semaphore.acquire(); try { LocalDate.parse("2020-01-01", formatter); }catch (Exception e){ System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败"); e.printStackTrace(); System.exit(1); } semaphore.release(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { System.out.println("信号量发生错误"); e.printStackTrace(); System.exit(1); } countDownLatch.countDown(); }); } countDownLatch.await(); executorService.shutdown(); System.out.println("package io.binghe.concurrent.lab06;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
/**
* @author binghe
* @version 1.0.0
* @description 局部变量法解决SimpleDateFormat类的线程安全问题
*/
public class SimpleDateFormatTest02 {
//执行总次数
private static final int EXECUTE_COUNT = 1000;
//同时运行的线程数量
private static final int THREAD_COUNT = 20;
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(THREAD_COUNT);
final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(EXECUTE_COUNT);
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
for (int i = 0; i < EXECUTE_COUNT; i++){
executorService.execute(() -> {
try {
semaphore.acquire();
try {
SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
simpleDateFormat.parse("2020-01-01");
} catch (ParseException e) {
System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}catch (NumberFormatException e){
System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
semaphore.release();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("信号量发生错误");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
countDownLatch.countDown();
});
}
countDownLatch.await();
executorService.shutdown();
System.out.println("synchronized (simpleDateFormat){
simpleDateFormat.parse("2020-01-01");
}");
}
}"); }}可以看到，DateTimeFormatter类是线程安全的，可以在高并发场景下直接使用DateTimeFormatter类来处理日期的格式化操作。
运行程序，输出结果如下所示。
package io.binghe.concurrent.lab06;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
/**
* @author binghe
* @version 1.0.0
* @description 局部变量法解决SimpleDateFormat类的线程安全问题
*/
public class SimpleDateFormatTest02 {
//执行总次数
private static final int EXECUTE_COUNT = 1000;
//同时运行的线程数量
private static final int THREAD_COUNT = 20;
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(THREAD_COUNT);
final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(EXECUTE_COUNT);
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
for (int i = 0; i < EXECUTE_COUNT; i++){
executorService.execute(() -> {
try {
semaphore.acquire();
try {
SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
simpleDateFormat.parse("2020-01-01");
} catch (ParseException e) {
System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}catch (NumberFormatException e){
System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
semaphore.release();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("信号量发生错误");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
countDownLatch.countDown();
});
}
countDownLatch.await();
executorService.shutdown();
System.out.println("synchronized (simpleDateFormat){
simpleDateFormat.parse("2020-01-01");
}");
}
}使用DateTimeFormatter类来处理日期的格式化操作运行效率比较高，推荐在高并发业务场景的生产环境使用。
6.joda-time方式

joda-time是第三方处理日期时间格式化的类库，是线程安全的。如果使用joda-time来处理日期和时间的格式化，则需要引入第三方类库。这里，以Maven为例，如下所示引入joda-time库。
import org.joda.time.DateTime;
import org.joda.time.format.DateTimeFormat;
import org.joda.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;引入joda-time库后，实现的程序代码如下所示。
package io.binghe.concurrent.lab06;package io.binghe.concurrent.lab06;
import org.joda.time.DateTime;
import org.joda.time.format.DateTimeFormat;
import org.joda.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
/**
* @author binghe
* @version 1.0.0
* @description 通过DateTimeFormatter类解决线程安全问题
*/
public class SimpleDateFormatTest08 {
//执行总次数
private static final int EXECUTE_COUNT = 1000;
//同时运行的线程数量
private static final int THREAD_COUNT = 20;
private static DateTimeFormatter dateTimeFormatter = DateTimeFormat.forPattern("yyyy-MM-dd");
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(THREAD_COUNT);
final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(EXECUTE_COUNT);
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
for (int i = 0; i < EXECUTE_COUNT; i++){
executorService.execute(() -> {
try {
semaphore.acquire();
try {
DateTime.parse("2020-01-01", dateTimeFormatter).toDate();
}catch (Exception e){
System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
semaphore.release();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("信号量发生错误");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
countDownLatch.countDown();
});
}
countDownLatch.await();
executorService.shutdown();
System.out.println("import org.joda.time.DateTime;
import org.joda.time.format.DateTimeFormat;
import org.joda.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;");
}
}import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;/** * @author binghe * @version 1.0.0 * @description 通过DateTimeFormatter类解决线程安全问题 */public class SimpleDateFormatTest08 { //执行总次数 private static final int EXECUTE_COUNT = 1000; //同时运行的线程数量 private static final int THREAD_COUNT = 20; private static DateTimeFormatter dateTimeFormatter = DateTimeFormat.forPattern("yyyy-MM-dd"); public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(THREAD_COUNT); final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(EXECUTE_COUNT); ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); for (int i = 0; i < EXECUTE_COUNT; i++){ executorService.execute(() -> { try { semaphore.acquire(); try { DateTime.parse("2020-01-01", dateTimeFormatter).toDate(); }catch (Exception e){ System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败"); e.printStackTrace(); System.exit(1); } semaphore.release(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { System.out.println("信号量发生错误"); e.printStackTrace(); System.exit(1); } countDownLatch.countDown(); }); } countDownLatch.await(); executorService.shutdown(); System.out.println("package io.binghe.concurrent.lab06;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
/**
* @author binghe
* @version 1.0.0
* @description 局部变量法解决SimpleDateFormat类的线程安全问题
*/
public class SimpleDateFormatTest02 {
//执行总次数
private static final int EXECUTE_COUNT = 1000;
//同时运行的线程数量
private static final int THREAD_COUNT = 20;
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(THREAD_COUNT);
final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(EXECUTE_COUNT);
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
for (int i = 0; i < EXECUTE_COUNT; i++){
executorService.execute(() -> {
try {
semaphore.acquire();
try {
SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
simpleDateFormat.parse("2020-01-01");
} catch (ParseException e) {
System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}catch (NumberFormatException e){
System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
semaphore.release();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("信号量发生错误");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
countDownLatch.countDown();
});
}
countDownLatch.await();
executorService.shutdown();
System.out.println("synchronized (simpleDateFormat){
simpleDateFormat.parse("2020-01-01");
}");
}
}"); }}这里，需要注意的是：DateTime类是org.joda.time包下的类，DateTimeFormat类和DateTimeFormatter类都是org.joda.time.format包下的类，如下所示。
package io.binghe.concurrent.lab06;
import org.joda.time.DateTime;
import org.joda.time.format.DateTimeFormat;
import org.joda.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
/**
* @author binghe
* @version 1.0.0
* @description 通过DateTimeFormatter类解决线程安全问题
*/
public class SimpleDateFormatTest08 {
//执行总次数
private static final int EXECUTE_COUNT = 1000;
//同时运行的线程数量
private static final int THREAD_COUNT = 20;
private static DateTimeFormatter dateTimeFormatter = DateTimeFormat.forPattern("yyyy-MM-dd");
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(THREAD_COUNT);
final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(EXECUTE_COUNT);
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
for (int i = 0; i < EXECUTE_COUNT; i++){
executorService.execute(() -> {
try {
semaphore.acquire();
try {
DateTime.parse("2020-01-01", dateTimeFormatter).toDate();
}catch (Exception e){
System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
semaphore.release();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("信号量发生错误");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
countDownLatch.countDown();
});
}
countDownLatch.await();
executorService.shutdown();
System.out.println("import org.joda.time.DateTime;
import org.joda.time.format.DateTimeFormat;
import org.joda.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;");
}
}运行程序，输出结果如下所示。
package io.binghe.concurrent.lab06;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
/**
* @author binghe
* @version 1.0.0
* @description 局部变量法解决SimpleDateFormat类的线程安全问题
*/
public class SimpleDateFormatTest02 {
//执行总次数
private static final int EXECUTE_COUNT = 1000;
//同时运行的线程数量
private static final int THREAD_COUNT = 20;
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(THREAD_COUNT);
final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(EXECUTE_COUNT);
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
for (int i = 0; i < EXECUTE_COUNT; i++){
executorService.execute(() -> {
try {
semaphore.acquire();
try {
SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
simpleDateFormat.parse("2020-01-01");
} catch (ParseException e) {
System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}catch (NumberFormatException e){
System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
semaphore.release();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("信号量发生错误");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
countDownLatch.countDown();
});
}
countDownLatch.await();
executorService.shutdown();
System.out.println("synchronized (simpleDateFormat){
simpleDateFormat.parse("2020-01-01");
}");
}
}使用joda-time库来处理日期的格式化操作运行效率比较高，推荐在高并发业务场景的生产环境使用。
解决SimpleDateFormat类的线程安全问题的方案总结

综上所示：在解决解决SimpleDateFormat类的线程安全问题的几种方案中，局部变量法由于线程每次执行格式化时间时，都会创建SimpleDateFormat类的对象，这会导致创建大量的SimpleDateFormat对象，浪费运行空间和消耗服务器的性能，因为JVM创建和销毁对象是要耗费性能的。所以，不推荐在高并发要求的生产环境使用。
synchronized锁方式和Lock锁方式在处理问题的本质上是一致的，通过加锁的方式，使同一时刻只能有一个线程执行格式化日期和时间的操作。这种方式虽然减少了SimpleDateFormat对象的创建，但是由于同步锁的存在，导致性能下降，所以，不推荐在高并发要求的生产环境使用。
ThreadLocal通过保存各个线程的SimpleDateFormat类对象的副本，使每个线程在运行时，各自使用自身绑定的SimpleDateFormat对象，互不干扰，执行性能比较高，推荐在高并发的生产环境使用。
DateTimeFormatter是Java 8中提供的处理日期和时间的类，DateTimeFormatter类本身就是线程安全的，经压测，DateTimeFormatter类处理日期和时间的性能效果还不错（后文单独写一篇关于高并发下性能压测的文章）。所以，推荐在高并发场景下的生产环境使用。
joda-time是第三方处理日期和时间的类库，线程安全，性能经过高并发的考验，推荐在高并发场景下的生产环境使用。
 
点击关注，第一时间了解华为云新鲜技术~

免责声明：如果侵犯了您的权益，请联系站长，我们会及时删除侵权内容，谢谢合作！

查看完整版本: Simple Date Format类到底为啥不是线程安全的？