java与es8实战之五：SpringBoot应用中操作es8(带安全检查：https、账号密码
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本篇概览
[*]本篇是《java与es8实战》系列的第五篇，总体目标明确：实战在SpringBoot应用中操作elasticsearch8，今天的重点是SpringBoot应用连接带有安全检查的elasticsearch8服务端
[*]连接需要安全检查的elasticsearch8是为了更接近真实环境，首先，连接是基于自签证书的https协议，其次，认证方式有两种
[*]第一种是账号密码
[*]第二种是es服务端授权的API Key
[*]以上两种认证方式，在今天的实战中都会尝试，再加上前文《java与es8实战之四：SpringBoot应用中操作es8(无安全检查)》，可以小小的梳理一下SpringBoot应用连接es8的方式了，如下所示，直连、证书+账号密码、证书+API key等三种
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/485422/202308/485422-20230826092333344-6426864.png
[*]今天的实战总体目标可以拆解为两个子任务
[*]在SpringBoot中连接elasticsearch8
[*]在SpringBoot中使用elasticsearch8官方的Java API Client
[*]接下来直接开始
部署elasticsearch集群(需要安全检查)
[*]关于快速部署elasticsearch集群(需要安全检查)，可以参考《docker-compose快速部署elasticsearch-8.x集群+kibana》
创建API Key
[*]除了账号密码，ES还提供了一种安全的访问方式：API Key，java应用持有es签发的API Key也能顺利发送指令到es，接下来咱们先生成API Key，再在应用中使用此API Key
[*]《docker-compose快速部署elasticsearch-8.x集群+kibana》一文中，的咱们将自签证书从容器中复制出来了，现在在证书所在目录执行以下命令，注意参数expiration代表这个ApiKey的有效期，我这里随意设置为10天
curl -X POST "https://localhost:9200/_security/api_key?pretty" \
--cacert es01.crt \
-u elastic:123456 \
-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
-d'
{
"name": "my-api-key-10d",
"expiration": "10d"
}
'
[*]会收到以下响应，其中的encoded字段就是API Key
{
"id" : "eUV1V4EBucGIxpberGuJ",
"name" : "my-api-key-10d",
"expiration" : 1655893738633,
"api_key" : "YyhSTh9ETz2LKBk3-Iy2ew",
"encoded" : "ZVVWMVY0RUJ1Y0dJeHBiZXJHdUo6WXloU1RoOUVUejJMS0JrMy1JeTJldw=="
}Java应用连接elasticsearch的核心套路
[*]不论是直连，还是带安全检查的连接，亦或是与SpringBoot的集成使之更方便易用，都紧紧围绕着一个不变的核心套路，该套路由两部分组成，掌握了它们就能在各种条件下成功连接es
[*]首先，是builder pattern，连接es有关的代码，各种对象都是其builder对象的build方法创建的，建议您提前阅读《java与es8实战之一》一文，看完后，满屏的builder代码可以从丑变成美...
[*]其次，就是java应用能向es发请求的关键：ElasticsearchClient对象，该对象的创建是有套路的，如下图，先创建RestClient，再基于RestClient创建ElasticsearchTransport，最后基于ElasticsearchTransport创建ElasticsearchClient，这是个固定的套路，咱们后面的操作都是基于此的，可能会加一点东西，但不会改变流程和图中的对象
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/485422/202308/485422-20230826092333222-2147315783.jpg
[*]准备完毕，开始写代码
新建子工程
[*]为了便于管理依赖库版本和源码，《java与es8实战》系列的所有代码都以子工程的形式存放在父工程elasticsearch-tutorials中
[*]《java与es8实战之二：实战前的准备工作》一文说明了创建父工程的详细过程
[*]在父工程elasticsearch-tutorials中新建名为crud-with-security的子工程，其pom.xml内容如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>elasticsearch-tutorials</artifactId>
<groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId>
<artifactId>crud-with-security</artifactId>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>crud-with-security</name>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<url>https://github.com/zq2599</url>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${springboot.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>co.elastic.clients</groupId>
<artifactId>elasticsearch-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>jakarta.json</groupId>
<artifactId>jakarta.json-api</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.0-M4</version>
<configuration>
<skipTests>false</skipTests>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<excludes>
<exclude>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</exclude>
</excludes>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.*</include>
</includes>
</resource>
</resources>
</build>
</project>配置文件
[*]为了成功连接es，需要两个配置文件：SpringBoot常规的配置application.yml和es的自签证书
[*]首先是application.yml，如下所示，因为本篇要验证两种授权方式，所以账号、密码、apiKey全部填写在配置文件中，如下所示
elasticsearch:
username: elastic
passwd: 123456
apikey: ZVVWMVY0RUJ1Y0dJeHBiZXJHdUo6WXloU1RoOUVUejJMS0JrMy1JeTJldw==
# 多个IP逗号隔开
hosts: 127.0.0.1:9200
[*]接下来是es的自签证书，这是SpringBoot应用在向es8发起https请求时需要用到的，在《docker-compose快速部署elasticsearch-8.x集群+kibana》一文中已经将其成功从容器中复制出来，现在请将其放在application.yml文件所在位置，如下图
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/485422/202308/485422-20230826092333277-1767943067.png
编码：启动类
[*]SpringBoot启动类，平淡无奇的那种
@SpringBootApplication
public class SecurityApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SecurityApplication.class, args);
}
}编码：配置文件
[*]接下来是全文的重点：通过Config类向Spring环境注册服务bean，这里有这两处要注意的地方
[*]第一个要注意的地方：向Spring环境注册的服务bean一共有两个，它们都是ElasticsearchClient类型，一个基于账号密码认证，另一个基于apiKey认证
[*]第二个要注意的地方：SpringBoot向es服务端发起的是https请求，这就要求在建立连接的时候使用正确的证书，也就是刚才咱们从容器中复制出来再放入application.yml所在目录的es01.crt文件，使用证书的操作发生在创建ElasticsearchTransport对象的时候，属于前面总结的套路步骤中的一步，如下图红框所示
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/485422/202308/485422-20230826092333188-1654344889.png
[*]配置类的详细代码如下，有几处需要注意的地方稍后会说明
package com.bolingcavalry.security.config;
import co.elastic.clients.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchClient;
import co.elastic.clients.json.jackson.JacksonJsonpMapper;
import co.elastic.clients.transport.ElasticsearchTransport;
import co.elastic.clients.transport.rest_client.RestClientTransport;
import lombok.Setter;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.http.Header;
import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
import org.apache.http.auth.AuthScope;
import org.apache.http.auth.UsernamePasswordCredentials;
import org.apache.http.client.CredentialsProvider;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.NoopHostnameVerifier;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.BasicCredentialsProvider;
import org.apache.http.impl.nio.client.HttpAsyncClientBuilder;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicHeader;
import org.apache.http.ssl.SSLContextBuilder;
import org.apache.http.ssl.SSLContexts;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RestClient;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RestClientBuilder;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RestClientBuilder.HttpClientConfigCallback;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.security.KeyManagementException;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.KeyStoreException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.cert.Certificate;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateFactory;
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "elasticsearch") //配置的前缀
@Configuration
@Slf4j
public class ClientConfig {
@Setter
private String hosts;
@Setter
private String username;
@Setter
private String passwd;
@Setter
private String apikey;
/**
* 解析配置的字符串，转为HttpHost对象数组
* @return
*/
private HttpHost[] toHttpHost() {
if (!StringUtils.hasLength(hosts)) {
throw new RuntimeException("invalid elasticsearch configuration");
}
String[] hostArray = hosts.split(",");
HttpHost[] httpHosts = new HttpHost;
HttpHost httpHost;
for (int i = 0; i < hostArray.length; i++) {
String[] strings = hostArray.split(":");
httpHost = new HttpHost(strings, Integer.parseInt(strings), "https");
httpHosts = httpHost;
}
return httpHosts;
}
@Bean
public ElasticsearchClient clientByPasswd() throws Exception {
ElasticsearchTransport transport = getElasticsearchTransport(username, passwd, toHttpHost());
return new ElasticsearchClient(transport);
}
private static SSLContext buildSSLContext() {
ClassPathResource resource = new ClassPathResource("es01.crt");
SSLContext sslContext = null;
try {
CertificateFactory factory = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509");
Certificate trustedCa;
try (InputStream is = resource.getInputStream()) {
trustedCa = factory.generateCertificate(is);
}
KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance("pkcs12");
trustStore.load(null, null);
trustStore.setCertificateEntry("ca", trustedCa);
SSLContextBuilder sslContextBuilder = SSLContexts.custom()
.loadTrustMaterial(trustStore, null);
sslContext = sslContextBuilder.build();
} catch (CertificateException | IOException | KeyStoreException | NoSuchAlgorithmException |
KeyManagementException e) {
log.error("ES连接认证失败", e);
}
return sslContext;
}
private static ElasticsearchTransport getElasticsearchTransport(String username, String passwd, HttpHost...hosts) {
// 账号密码的配置
final CredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = new BasicCredentialsProvider();
credentialsProvider.setCredentials(AuthScope.ANY, new UsernamePasswordCredentials(username, passwd));
// 自签证书的设置，并且还包含了账号密码
HttpClientConfigCallback callback = httpAsyncClientBuilder -> httpAsyncClientBuilder
.setSSLContext(buildSSLContext())
.setSSLHostnameVerifier(NoopHostnameVerifier.INSTANCE)
.setDefaultCredentialsProvider(credentialsProvider);
// 用builder创建RestClient对象
RestClient client = RestClient
.builder(hosts)
.setHttpClientConfigCallback(callback)
.build();
return new RestClientTransport(client, new JacksonJsonpMapper());
}
private static ElasticsearchTransport getElasticsearchTransport(String apiKey, HttpHost...hosts) {
// 将ApiKey放入header中
Header[] headers = new Header[] {new BasicHeader("Authorization", "ApiKey " + apiKey)};
// es自签证书的设置
HttpClientConfigCallback callback = httpAsyncClientBuilder -> httpAsyncClientBuilder
.setSSLContext(buildSSLContext())
.setSSLHostnameVerifier(NoopHostnameVerifier.INSTANCE);
// 用builder创建RestClient对象
RestClient client = RestClient
.builder(hosts)
.setHttpClientConfigCallback(callback)
.setDefaultHeaders(headers)
.build();
return new RestClientTransport(client, new JacksonJsonpMapper());
}
@Bean
public ElasticsearchClient clientByApiKey() throws Exception {
ElasticsearchTransport transport = getElasticsearchTransport(apikey, toHttpHost());
return new ElasticsearchClient(transport);
}
}
[*]上述代码有以下几处需要注意
[*]这个配置类为业务代码提供了两个服务bean，作用是操作es，这两个服务bean分别由clientByPasswd和clientByApiKey两个方法负责提供
[*]名为getElasticsearchTransport的方法有两个，分别负责配置两种鉴权方式：账号密码和apiKey
[*]设置证书的操作被封装在buildSSLContext方法中，在创建ElasticsearchTransport对象的时候会用到
编码：业务类
[*]既然两个ElasticsearchClient对象都已经注册到Spring环境，那么只要在业务类中注入就能用来操作es了
[*]新建业务类ESService.java，如下，可见通过Resource注解选择了账号密码鉴权的ElasticsearchClient对象
package com.bolingcavalry.security.service;
import co.elastic.clients.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchClient;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.io.IOException;
@Service
public class ESService {
@Resource(name="clientByPasswd")
private ElasticsearchClient elasticsearchClient;
public void addIndex(String name) throws IOException {
elasticsearchClient.indices().create(c -> c.index(name));
}
public boolean indexExists(String name) throws IOException {
return elasticsearchClient.indices().exists(b -> b.index(name)).value();
}
public void delIndex(String name) throws IOException {
elasticsearchClient.indices().delete(c -> c.index(name));
}
}
[*]至此，基本功能算是开发完成了，接下来编写单元测试代码，验证能否成功操作es8
编码：单元测试
[*]新增单元测试类ESServiceTest.java，如下，功能是调用业务类ESService执行创建、删除、查找等索引操作
package com.bolingcavalry.security.service;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
@SpringBootTest
class ESServiceTest {
@Autowired
ESService esService;
@Test
void addIndex() throws Exception {
String indexName = "test_index";
Assertions.assertFalse(esService.indexExists(indexName));
esService.addIndex(indexName);
Assertions.assertTrue(esService.indexExists(indexName));
esService.delIndex(indexName);
Assertions.assertFalse(esService.indexExists(indexName));
}
}
[*]编码完成，开始验证
验证：账号密码鉴权
[*]现在ESService中使用的es服务类是账号密码鉴权的，运行单元测试，看看是否可以成功操作ES，如下图，符合预期
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/485422/202308/485422-20230826092333293-1536391259.png
验证：ApiKey鉴权
[*]再来试试ApiKey鉴权操作es，修改ESService.java源码，改动如下图红框所示
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/485422/202308/485422-20230826092333279-649576064.png
[*]为了检查创建的索引是否符合预期，注释掉单元测试类中删除索引的代码，如下图，如此一来，单元测试执行完成后，新增的索引还保留在es环境中
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/485422/202308/485422-20230826092333270-366736077.png
[*]再执行一次单元测试，依旧符合预期
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/485422/202308/485422-20230826092333292-1026335285.png
[*]用eshead查看，可见索引创建成功
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/485422/202308/485422-20230826092333285-1604080611.png
[*]至此，SpringBoot操作带有安全检查的elasticsearch8的实战就完成了，在SpringData提供elasticsearch8操作的库之前，基于es官方原生client库的操作是常见的elasticsearch8访问方式，希望本文能给您一些参考
源码下载
[*]本篇实战的完整源码可在GitHub下载到，地址和链接信息如下表所示(https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos)
名称链接备注项目主页https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos该项目在GitHub上的主页git仓库地址(https)https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos.git该项目源码的仓库地址，https协议git仓库地址(ssh)git@github.com:zq2599/blog_demos.git该项目源码的仓库地址，ssh协议
[*]这个git项目中有多个文件夹，本次实战的源码在elasticsearch-tutorials文件夹下，如下图红框
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/485422/202308/485422-20230826092333223-1053781089.png
[*]elasticsearch-tutorials是个父工程，里面有多个module，本篇实战的module是crud-with-security，如下图红框
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/485422/202308/485422-20230826092333291-1650532455.png
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