论坛 › Java › 15、Spring之基于xml的声明式事务

商道如狼道 发表于 2023-9-4 08:21:09

15、Spring之基于xml的声明式事务

阅读本文前，建议先阅读Spring之基于注解的声明式事务
15.1、环境搭建

创建名为spring_transaction_xml的新module，过程参考13.1节
15.1.1、配置打包方式和依赖

https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202309/2052479-20230901081051610-591777281.png
注意：比起基于注解的声明式事务，基于xml的声明式事务还需要额外引入spring-AOP的依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan> xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan> xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.rain</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring_transaction_xml</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <dependencies>

   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan><dependency>
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>    <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>    <version>5.3.1</version>
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan></dependency>

   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan><dependency>
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>    <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>    <version>5.3.1</version>
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan></dependency>

   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan><dependency>
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>    <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>    <version>5.3.1</version>
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan></dependency>

   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan><dependency>
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>    <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>    <version>5.3.1</version>
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan></dependency>

   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan><dependency>
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>    <groupId>junit</groupId>
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>    <version>4.12</version>
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>    <scope>test</scope>
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan></dependency>

   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan><dependency>
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>    <version>5.1.49</version>
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan></dependency>

   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan><dependency>
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>    <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>    <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>    <version>1.0.31</version>
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan></dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>15.1.2、创建jdbc.properties文件

https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202309/2052479-20230903171627392-1562992818.png
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssm?characterEncoding=utf-8
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=root15.1.3、创建Spring的配置文件

https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202309/2052479-20230903172910397-318368728.png
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

   
    <context:property-placeholder location="jdbc.properties"></context:property-placeholder>

   
    <bean id="datasource" >
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan><property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"></property>
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan><property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"></property>
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan><property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"></property>
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan><property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
    </bean>

   
    <bean id="jdbcTemplate" >
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan><property name="dataSource" ref="datasource"></property>
    </bean>

</beans>15.1.4、创建持久层接口BookDao及其实现类

https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202309/2052479-20230903173539003-26352100.png
package org.rain.spring.dao;

/**
* @author liaojy
* @date 2023/9/3 - 17:34
*/
public interface BookDao {

    /**
   * 查询图书的价格
   * @param bookId
   * @return
   */
    Integer getPriceByBookId(Integer bookId);

    /**
   * 更新图书的库存
   * @param bookId
   */
    void updateStockOfBook(Integer bookId);

    /**
   * 更新用户的余额
   * @param userId
   * @param price
   */
    void updateBalanceOfUser(Integer userId,Integer price);

}https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202309/2052479-20230903175121243-793299678.png
package org.rain.spring.dao.impl;

import org.rain.spring.dao.BookDao;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

/**
* @author liaojy
* @date 2023/9/3 - 17:36
*/
@Repository
public class BookDaoImpl implements BookDao {

    @Autowired
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    public Integer getPriceByBookId(Integer bookId) {
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>String sql = "select price from t_book where book_id = ?";
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>Integer price = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, Integer.class,bookId);
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>return price;
    }

    public void updateStockOfBook(Integer bookId) {
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>String sql = "update t_book set stock = stock -1 where book_id = ?";
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>jdbcTemplate.update(sql, bookId);
    }

    public void updateBalanceOfUser(Integer userId, Integer price) {
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>String sql = "update t_user set balance = balance - ? where user_id = ?";
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>jdbcTemplate.update(sql,price,userId);
    }

}15.1.5、创建业务层接口BookService及其实现类

https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202309/2052479-20230903175251256-1608396360.png
package org.rain.spring.service;

/**
* @author liaojy
* @date 2023/9/3 - 17:52
*/
public interface BookService {

    void buyBook(Integer bookId,Integer userId);

}https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202309/2052479-20230903175406227-1975179397.png
package org.rain.spring.service.impl;

import org.rain.spring.dao.BookDao;
import org.rain.spring.service.BookService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
* @author liaojy
* @date 2023/9/3 - 17:53
*/
@Service
public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService {

    @Autowired
    private BookDao bookDao;

    public void buyBook(Integer bookId, Integer userId) {

   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>//查询图书的价格
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>Integer price = bookDao.getPriceByBookId(bookId);

   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>//更新图书的库存
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>bookDao.updateStockOfBook(bookId);

   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>//更新用户的余额
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>bookDao.updateBalanceOfUser(userId,price);

    }
}15.1.6、创建控制层BookController

https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202309/2052479-20230903175621917-28255730.png
注意：因为控制层没用到接口，所以方法的访问修饰符要手动设置
package org.rain.spring.controller;

import org.rain.spring.service.BookService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

/**
* @author liaojy
* @date 2023/9/3 - 17:54
*/
@Controller
public class BookController {

    @Autowired
    private BookService bookService;

    public void buyBook(Integer bookId, Integer userId){
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>bookService.buyBook(bookId,userId);
    }

}15.1.7、配置对注解组件的扫描

https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202309/2052479-20230903175835316-1121838344.png
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>15.2、基于xml事务的实现

15.2.1、配置事务管理器

https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202309/2052479-20230903181053326-1492298040.png
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>15.2.2、配置事务通知

https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202309/2052479-20230903223814533-729043351.png
注意：tx:advice标签导入的名称空间需要 tx 结尾的那个
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>15.2.3、配置事务通知作用到连接点

https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202309/2052479-20230903224810104-32506783.png
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>15.2.4、配置事务通知的属性

https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202309/2052479-20230903225656134-984980302.png
注意：不使用tx:method标签指定的方法是不会使用事务的，为了让切入点表达式的所有方法都使用到事务，可以使用*通配符：

   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>15.3、测试事务的效果

15.3.1、创建测试类

模拟场景：


[*]用户购买图书，先查询图书的价格，再更新图书的库存和用户的余额
[*]假设id为1的用户（余额为50），购买id为1的图书（价格为80）
[*]购买图书之后，用户的余额应为-30；但由于数据库中余额字段设置了无符号，因此无法将-30插入到余额字段；
此时执行更新用户余额的sql语句会抛出异常
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202309/2052479-20230904002225920-640796628.png
package org.rain.spring.test;import org.junit.Test;import org.junit.runner.RunWith;import org.rain.spring.controller.BookController;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;/** * @author liaojy * @date 2023/9/4 - 0:20 */@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)@ContextConfiguration("classpath:spring-tx-xml.xml")public class TxByXml {    @Autowired    private BookController bookController;    @Test    public void testBuyBook(){   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>bookController.buyBook(1,1);    }}15.3.2、执行前的数据

https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202309/2052479-20230904002749022-585498797.png
此时id为1的图书库存为100
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202309/2052479-20230904002809261-2027852567.png
此时id为1的用户余额为50
15.3.3、执行时的异常

https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202309/2052479-20230904003124688-1086405931.png
15.3.3、执行后的数据

https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202309/2052479-20230904003213877-1681838744.png
由于使用了Spring的声明式事务，更新（图书）库存和更新（用户）余额，要么都成功，要么都失败；
本例属于都失败，所以（图书）库存和（用户）余额都没有变化
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202309/2052479-20230904003231557-1855100103.png
15.4、配置事务的属性

https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202309/2052479-20230904010628305-1318337605.png
事务属性的详细作用，请参考14.5节
   
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.spring"></context:component-scan>
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