5、SpringMVC之域对象共享数据
5.1、域对象简介[*]请求域（request）：一次请求范围内有效
[*]会话域（session）：一次会话范围内有效
[*]应用域（application）：整个应用范围内有效
5.2、环境搭建
5.2.1、右击project创建新module
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231011110516540-2093530580.png
5.2.2、选择maven
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231011110629730-602849985.png
5.2.3、设置module名称和路径
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231011110839712-1088400024.png
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231011110856913-233814698.png
5.2.4、module初始状态
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231011111014508-1873468625.png
5.2.5、配置打包方式和引入依赖
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231011111234466-2141360306.png
注意：默认的打包方式为 jar，为了能配置web资源，需要将打包方式设置为 war
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.rain</groupId>
<artifactId>spring_mvc_scopeObject</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
<version>1.2.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
<artifactId>thymeleaf-spring5</artifactId>
<version>3.0.12.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>5.2.6、配置web资源目录
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231011111511012-222011709.png
打开Project Structure，选择对应的module，并为该module创建一个web.xml文件
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231011111705556-1772885070.png
注意：web.xml文件需要放到web资源路径（工程路径\src\main\webapp）下
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231011112257481-2129811889.png
5.2.7、配置web.xml
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231011113037776-18805165.png
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<filter>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>5.2.8、创建SpringMVC的配置文件
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231011113509031-175488025.png
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="org.rain.controller"></context:component-scan>
<bean id="viewResolver" >
<property name="order" value="1"/>
<property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
<property name="templateEngine">
<bean >
<property name="templateResolver">
<bean
>
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/templates/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".html"/>
<property name="templateMode" value="HTML5"/>
<property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>5.2.9、创建请求控制器
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231011113823718-1351978315.png
package org.rain.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
/**
* @author liaojy
* @date 2023/10/11 - 08:37
*/
@Controller
public class PortalController {
@RequestMapping("/")
public String portal(){
return "index";
}
}5.2.10、创建静态资源目录及页面
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231011114239748-115592261.png
注意html要引入thymeleaf的约束：xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>首页</title>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231011114423344-829201181.png
注意html要引入thymeleaf的约束：xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>成功</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>success.html</h1>
</body>
</html>5.2.11、配置tomcat
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231011114614318-329114209.png
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231011114726249-235938410.png
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231011114744704-1574894725.png
5.3、使用ServletAPI向请求域共享数据
5.3.1、控制器方法示例
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231011162335672-1276259787.png
@RequestMapping("/test/servletAPI")
public String testServletAPI(HttpServletRequest request){
request.setAttribute("testRequestScope","Hello,ServletAPI!");
return "success";
}5.3.2、页面请求示例
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231011162459962-1558465852.png
<a th:target="_blank" href="https://www.cnblogs.com/@{/test/servletAPI}">测试使用ServletAPI向请求域对象共享数据</a>5.3.3、页面获取域对象中的数据示例
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231011163427023-1704925418.png
testRequestScope：5.3.4、测试效果
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231011163048620-1511142930.png
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231011163352390-1830404229.png
5.4、使用ModelAndView向请求域共享数据（官方推荐）
5.4.1、控制器方法示例
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231011172142102-286136095.png
注意：使用ModelAndView向请求域对象共享数据时，控制器方法需要返回的是ModelAndView对象，而不是表示逻辑视图的字符串
@RequestMapping("/test/mav")
public ModelAndView testMAV(){
/**
* ModelAndView包含Model和View的功能
* Model的功能：向请求域中共享数据
* View的功能：设置逻辑视图，实现页面调整
*/
ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView();
// 向请求域中共享数据
mav.addObject("testRequestScope","Hello,ModelAndView!");
// 设置逻辑视图，实现页面调整
mav.setViewName("success");
return mav;
}5.4.2、页面请求示例
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231011172758535-631600500.png
<a th:target="_blank" href="https://www.cnblogs.com/@{/test/mav}">测试使用ModelAndView向请求域对象共享数据</a>5.4.3、页面获取域对象中的数据示例
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231011172943092-961569276.png
testRequestScope：5.4.4、测试效果
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231011173107562-1512629013.png
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231011173130273-166916583.png
5.5、使用Model向请求域共享数据（实际常用）
5.5.1、控制器方法示例
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231011175214758-2025029334.png
注意：Model 是一个接口，具体对象由DispatcherServlet帮助创建并传给控制器方法的形参
@RequestMapping("/test/model")
public String testModel(Model model){
model.addAttribute("testRequestScope","Hello,Model!");
return "success";
}5.5.2、页面请求示例
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231011175427798-992492466.png
<a th:target="_blank" href="https://www.cnblogs.com/@{/test/model}">测试使用Model向请求域对象共享数据</a>5.5.3、页面获取域对象中的数据示例
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231011172943092-961569276.png
testRequestScope：5.5.4、测试效果
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231011175621510-1975005385.png
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231011175644427-365452512.png
5.6、使用ModelMap向请求域共享数据
5.6.1、控制器方法示例
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231012095356974-2078132069.png
注意：ModelMap 对象由 DispatcherServlet 帮助创建并传给控制器方法的形参
@RequestMapping("/test/modelMap")
public String testModelMap(ModelMap modelMap){
modelMap.addAttribute("testRequestScope","Hello,ModelMap!");
return "success";
}5.6.2、页面请求示例
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231012090738017-1435814114.png
<a th:target="_blank" href="https://www.cnblogs.com/@{/test/modelMap}">测试使用ModelMap向请求域对象共享数据</a>5.6.3、页面获取域对象中的数据示例
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231011172943092-961569276.png
testRequestScope：5.6.4、测试效果
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231012090922147-1238846829.png
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231012090940305-1815682934.png
5.7、使用Map向请求域共享数据
5.7.1、控制器方法示例
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231012095700929-871348043.png
注意：Map 对象由 DispatcherServlet 帮助创建并传给控制器方法的形参
@RequestMapping("/test/map")
public String testMap(Map<String,Object> map){
map.put("testRequestScope","Hello,Map!");
return "success";
}5.7.2、页面请求示例
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231012095917123-1406725647.png
<a th:target="_blank" href="https://www.cnblogs.com/@{/test/map}">测试使用Map向请求域对象共享数据</a>5.7.3、页面获取域对象中的数据示例
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231011172943092-961569276.png
testRequestScope：5.7.4、测试效果
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231012100123187-1596725176.png
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231012100148195-237967838.png
5.8、Model、ModelMap、Map之间的关系
控制器方法中，Model、ModelMap、Map类型的实参其实本质上都是 BindingAwareModelMap 类型的
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231012101713107-1433990532.png
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https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231012101837690-812338246.png
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++分割线++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231012101946477-80604190.png
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++分割线++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231012102011277-287195562.png
public interface Model{}
public class ModelMap extends LinkedHashMap<String, Object> {}
public class ExtendedModelMap extends ModelMap implements Model {}
public class BindingAwareModelMap extends ExtendedModelMap {}5.9、使用ServletAPI向会话域共享数据
5.9.1、控制器方法示例
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231012112755152-325111678.png
@RequestMapping("/test/session")
public String testSession(HttpSession httpSession){
httpSession.setAttribute("testSessionScope","Hello,HttpSession!");
return "success";
}5.9.2、页面请求示例
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231012112922311-242100992.png
<a th:target="_blank" href="https://www.cnblogs.com/@{/test/session}">测试使用ServletAPI向会话域对象共享数据</a>5.9.3、页面获取会话域中的数据示例
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231012113528566-2083185314.png
注意：使用thymeleaf语法获取会话域中的数据时，要使用session.前缀
testSessionScope：5.9.4、测试效果
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231012113422395-1569220990.png
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231012113634438-1208612737.png
5.10、使用ServletAPI向应用域共享数据
5.10.1、控制器方法示例
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231012113958141-501451221.png
注意：应用域对象 ServletContext 需要通过会话域对象 HttpSession 间接获取
@RequestMapping("/test/application")
public String testApplication(HttpSession httpSession){
ServletContext servletContext = httpSession.getServletContext();
servletContext.setAttribute("testApplicationScope","Hello,Application!");
return "success";
}5.10.2、页面请求示例
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231012114248093-945647135.png
<a th:target="_blank" href="https://www.cnblogs.com/@{/test/application}">测试使用ServletAPI向应用域对象共享数据</a>5.10.3、页面获取应用域中的数据示例
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231012114415765-183304236.png
注意：使用thymeleaf语法获取会话域中的数据时，要使用application.前缀
testApplicationScope：5.10.4、测试效果
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231012114643108-1136070809.png
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231012114708736-110477932.png
5.11、Idea配置session的钝化和活化
[*]会话域的数据，在关闭浏览器后失效；
[*]应用域的数据，在关闭服务器后失效；
[*]即使重启服务器，只要浏览器没有关闭或重启，会话域的数据就能持续存在；
[*]session的钝化：服务器关闭时，将会话域中的数据保存在磁盘的文件中（tomcat的work目录）；
[*]session的活化：服务器启动时，将保存在磁盘文件中的会话域数据恢复到服务器的内存中。
注意：如果会话域中的数据是实体类对象，则该实体类需要实现序列化接口才能被session钝化和活化。
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231012145511351-1997840289.png
通过idea启动的web应用默认不支持session的钝化和活化，需要手动配置开启，开启配置如上图所示。
5.11.1、测试效果
5.11.1.1、服务器重启前的域对象数据
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231012151242012-1827762383.png
依次向应用域、会话域和请求域共享数据
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231012151423307-1386970304.png
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231012151443508-2094812248.png
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231012151505574-1231027972.png
5.11.1.2、服务器重启后的域对象数据
https://img2023.cnblogs.com/blog/2052479/202310/2052479-20231012151642078-520283219.png
保持浏览器现状，重启服务器后，只向请求域共享数据；此时发现，会话域的数据也存在。
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