Juc并发编程12——2万字深入源码:线程池这篇真的讲解的透透的了
本文将介绍常见的线程池的使用方法,介绍线程池的参数、拒绝策略、返回参数获取以及定时调度。2万字深入源码:线程池这篇真的讲解的透透的了
[*]
[*]1.线程池介绍
[*]2.线程池的使用
[*]
[*]2.1 构造方法参数详解
[*]2.2 线程池使用示例
[*]2.3 线程池的拒绝策略
[*]2.4 线程创建工厂
[*]2.5 线程异常
[*]3.使用Executors创建线程池
[*]
[*]3.1 newFixedThreadPool
[*]3.2 newSingleThreadExecutor
[*]3.3 newCachedThreadPool
[*]4.返回执行结果的任务
[*]5.执行定时任务
1.线程池介绍
利用多线程我们可以合理的利用cpu资源,更加高效的完成工作,不过如果我们频繁的创建、销毁线程,也会对系统的资源造成消耗。
因此,我们也可以利用池化技术,就像数据库的连接池一样,使用线程池来管理多个线程,不对这些线程进行销毁,然后反复的使用这些线程。在Tomcat服务器中,可能同一时间服务器会收到大量的请求,频繁的创建、销毁线程肯定不可行,因此就使用了线程池技术。
线程池一般具有容量限制,如果所有的线程都处于工作状态,在接受到新的多线程请求时,将会进入阻塞状态,直到有可用的空闲线程,实际上就是使用阻塞队列处理的。
https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2fbf0659ce6944e6ac6368f473fc35b3.png
2.线程池的使用
2.1 构造方法参数详解
我们可以使用ThreadPoolExecutor对象来创建线程池,先看看它的构造方法。
public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
int maximumPoolSize,
long keepAliveTime,
TimeUnit unit,
BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
ThreadFactory threadFactory,
RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
if (corePoolSize < 0 ||
maximumPoolSize <= 0 ||
maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize ||
keepAliveTime < 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
if (workQueue == null || threadFactory == null || handler == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
this.acc = System.getSecurityManager() == null ?
null :
AccessController.getContext();
this.corePoolSize = corePoolSize;
this.maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize;
this.workQueue = workQueue;
this.keepAliveTime = unit.toNanos(keepAliveTime);
this.threadFactory = threadFactory;
this.handler = handler;
} 其输出如下。
https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/91bb484a25ad422498b8b9ae20cd92c3.png
我们看看i的输出顺序,似乎有点奇怪,我们来分析下。首先i为0,1的线程会先执行,其次i为3,4的线程进入等待队列,最后i为5,6的线程直接对线程池扩容执行,此时线程池满,i为3,4的线程等待有空闲线程时才会执行。所以就是0145先执行,23后执行。至于0,1,4,5或2,3两组内部的执行顺序这里留个坑。
我们还会发现,上面的程序怎么不退出呢?这是因为我们没有销毁线程池。里面的核心线程会一直处于等待状态。来关闭下。
public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
int maximumPoolSize,
long keepAliveTime,
TimeUnit unit,
BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue) {
this(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue,
Executors.defaultThreadFactory(), defaultHandler);
} 上面我们等待队列使用的是容量为2的ArrayBlockingQueue,我们把它换成SynchronousQueue看看会发生什么?
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
//corePoolSize:2 ;maximumPoolSize:4; keepAliveTime:3s;workQueueSize:2
ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(2, 4, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(2));
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
int finalI = i;
executor.execute(() -> {
System.out.println("prepare to execute thread :" + finalI);
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("finish to execute thread :" + finalI);
});
}
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
System.out.println("pool size:" + executor.getPoolSize()); //查看当前线程池中线程数,此时应该最多有4个线程,因为线程池最大容量是4
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5); //keepAliveTime已过
System.out.println("pool size:" + executor.getPoolSize());
} 输出如下。
https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/ccae4cb197fa45d1b108e003d1798218.png在线程0,1,2,3执行完后,报出来的异常信息是java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException,它执行了拒绝策略。我们来分析下,首先1,2执行没问题,3,4首先想要进入等待队列,不过SynchronousQueue根本没有容量,相当于等待队列满了,因此开始进行创建新的线程池,等5,6来时,线程池已经达到最大的线程数,因此执行了拒绝策略。这里的默认拒绝策略使用的是抛出异常。我们也可以修改。并且上面的程序不会退出,原因是啥笔者还没有弄明白,如果有大佬知道欢迎在评论区不吝赐教哟。
2.3 线程池的拒绝策略
线程池的拒绝策略有以下几个。
[*]AbortPolicy: 直接抛出异常
[*]CallerRunsPolicy:让提交任务的线程去执行任务(比如上面的线程任务都是主线程提交的)。
[*]DiscardOldestPolicy:将最早进入等待队列中的任务丢弃。
[*]DiscardPolicy:啥也不做,直接拒绝
先来测试下CallerRunsPolicy
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
//
ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(2, 4, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(2));
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
int finalI = i;
executor.execute(() -> {
System.out.println("prepare to execute thread " + finalI);
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("finish to execute thread " + finalI);
});
}
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
System.out.println("pool size:" + executor.getPoolSize());
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
System.out.println("pool size:" + executor.getPoolSize());
executor.shutdownNow(); //关闭线程池,取消等待队列中的任务,试图终止正在执行的任务,不再接收新的任务
// executor.shutdown(); 执行完等待队列中的任务再关闭
} 其执行结果如下。
https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/b164cc16a3fc48e297884e73a8226c97.png
可以看到i为4的线程确实是由主线程执行的哟。等它在主线程执行完的时候,正好线程池也有空闲线程了,因此就又可以让线程池的线程执行任务了。
接下来演示下DiscardOldestPolicy。
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
//
ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(2, 4, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new SynchronousQueue<>());
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
int finalI = i;
executor.execute(() -> {
System.out.println("prepare to execute thread " + finalI);
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("finish to execute thread " + finalI);
});
}
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
System.out.println("pool size:" + executor.getPoolSize());
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
System.out.println("pool size:" + executor.getPoolSize());
executor.shutdownNow();
} 其输出如下。
https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/494be3b8d6d54db890667c3cef49de41.png
Thread2没有执行,这是因为它是最早进入等待队列的,在最后一个任务提交时,使用拒绝策略DiscardOldestPolicy将其取消了。
如果使用SynchronousQueue做等待队列,DiscardOldestPolicy做拒绝策略,会出现什么情况呢?
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(2, 4, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new SynchronousQueue<>(), new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
int finalI = i;
executor.execute(() -> {
System.out.println("prepare to execute thread i:"+ finalI+ " ,name:"+ Thread.currentThread().getName());
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("finish to execute thread " + finalI+ " ,name:"+Thread.currentThread().getName());
});
}
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
System.out.println("pool size:" + executor.getPoolSize());
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
System.out.println("pool size:" + executor.getPoolSize());
executor.shutdownNow();
} 输出结果如下。
https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/c516e4823608468da11c87628050ae0a.png居然直接爆栈了。为什么呢?我们得看看它的源码了。
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(2, 4, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(2), new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy());
for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
int finalI = i;
executor.execute(() -> {
System.out.println("prepare to execute thread i:"+ finalI );
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("finish to execute thread " + finalI );
});
}
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
System.out.println("pool size:" + executor.getPoolSize());
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
System.out.println("pool size:" + executor.getPoolSize());
executor.shutdownNow();
} 原因找到了,原来e.getQueue().poll()对于SynchronousQueue没有任何的意义,它会陷入死循环,一遍遍的执行execute,再执行拒绝策略,最后导致栈溢出。
最后演示下DiscardPolicy。
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(2, 4, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new SynchronousQueue<>(), new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy());
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
int finalI = i;
executor.execute(() -> {
System.out.println("prepare to execute thread i:"+ finalI );
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("finish to execute thread " + finalI );
});
}
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
System.out.println("pool size:" + executor.getPoolSize());
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
System.out.println("pool size:" + executor.getPoolSize());
executor.shutdownNow();
} 结果如下。真的太简单了,不讲解了。
https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/eb6e15cea1eb498f8d89cd7738abfa1a.png
除了官方提供的拒绝策略外,我们也可以使用自定义的拒绝策略哟。
public static class DiscardOldestPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
public DiscardOldestPolicy() { }
public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
if (!e.isShutdown()) { //如果线程池没有关闭
e.getQueue().poll(); //将等待队列队顶中元素出队
e.execute(r); //再调用线程池的execute方法
}
}
} 运行的结果如下。
https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/990b2108b2ac4dad9cb42c2a7ce509a2.png
2.4 线程创建工厂
我们之前也提到过,我们可以利用线程创建工厂干涉线程的创建过程。
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(2, 4, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new SynchronousQueue<>(), new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy());
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
int finalI = i;
executor.execute(() -> {
System.out.println("prepare to execute thread i:"+ finalI );
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("finish to execute thread " + finalI );
});
}
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
System.out.println("pool size:" + executor.getPoolSize());
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
System.out.println("pool size:" + executor.getPoolSize());
executor.shutdownNow();
} 输出结果如下。
https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/4766f25ca833491c8420bf65634b84ef.png
2.5 线程异常
如果线程池中的线程遇到异常会出现什么情况呢,会不会被销毁呢?
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(2, 4, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new SynchronousQueue<>(), (r, e) -> {
System.out.println("full,full,full!");
r.run(); //直接在当前的(调用提交方法所在)线程运行
});
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
int finalI = i;
executor.execute(() -> {
System.out.println("prepare to execute thread i:" + finalI + " ,name:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("finish to execute thread " + finalI + " ,name:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
});
}
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
System.out.println("pool size:" + executor.getPoolSize());
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
System.out.println("pool size:" + executor.getPoolSize());
executor.shutdownNow();
} 输出如下,两次输出的线程名字不同。看来线程池中抛异常的确实会被销毁哟。
https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/3d5a9d6f366e4d27931f8d06a97e4832.png
3.使用Executors创建线程池
3.1 newFixedThreadPool
除了使用new一个ThreadPoolExecutor的方法,我们还可以使用Executors创建一个线程池。
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(2, 4, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(2), new ThreadFactory() {
int count = 0;
@Override
public Thread newThread(Runnable r) { //改变了线程的命名
return new Thread(r,"thread" + count++);
}
});
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
int finalI = i;
executor.execute(() -> {
System.out.println("prepare to execute thread i:" + finalI + " ,name:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("finish to execute thread " + finalI + " ,name:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
});
}
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
System.out.println("pool size:" + executor.getPoolSize());
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
System.out.println("pool size:" + executor.getPoolSize());
executor.shutdownNow();
} 对比下之前的创建方式。即使是参数最少的构造方法,Executors创建也比new一个ThreadPoolExecutor更加简洁。
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1, 0, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new LinkedBlockingDeque<>());
executor.execute(() -> {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
throw new RuntimeException("error");
});
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
executor.execute(() -> {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
});
}
executor.shutdown(); 再看看源码。就是说包装是yyds。
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException{
// 创建容量固定为10的线程池
ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10); //ThreadPoolExecutor extends AbstractExecutorService, AbstractExecutorService implements ExecutorService
service.execute(() -> {
System.out.println("hello.word");
});
service.shutdown();
} 3.2 newSingleThreadExecutor
上面是创建容量固定为10的线程池,还可以创建使用newSingleThreadExecutor容量为1的线程,有点单例的感觉。
ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(2, 4, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(2)); 输出如下。
https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2f55babfb7d04a828d16ad431f4e27f3.png
看看其源码。
public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
} 里面返回的是FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService,并且其构造方法的参数是ThreadPoolExecutor对象,点进去看看到底是什么?
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException{
ExecutorService service = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(); //ThreadPoolExecutor extends AbstractExecutorService, AbstractExecutorService implements ExecutorService
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
service.submit(() -> {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "execute");
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "finished");
});
}
service.shutdown();
} 原来里面重写了finalize,当线程池被gc时会调用shutdown方法。将传过来的ThreadPoolExecutor又传给了其父类DelegatedExecutorService.点 super(executor)看看里面做了什么?
public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() {
return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
(new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()));
} 原来最后还是调用ExecutorService来实现的逻辑呀。有没有代理的感觉?包装的目的主要是为了安全性。我们看看将它创建的对象强转成ThreadPoolExecutor。
static class FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
extends DelegatedExecutorService {
FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService(ExecutorService executor) {
super(executor);
}
protected void finalize() {
super.shutdown();
}
} 报错。这是因为它根本不是ThreadPoolExecutor类型的对象。
https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/7c0780047c444c249454b657fa212b93.png
如果是newFixedThreadPool强转运行就不会报错。
static class DelegatedExecutorService extends AbstractExecutorService {
private final ExecutorService e;
DelegatedExecutorService(ExecutorService executor) { e = executor; }
public void execute(Runnable command) { e.execute(command); }
public void shutdown() { e.shutdown(); }
public List<Runnable> shutdownNow() { return e.shutdownNow(); }
public boolean isShutdown() { return e.isShutdown(); }
public boolean isTerminated() { return e.isTerminated(); }
...
} 输出如下。
https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/5dcd3938ce104fc8a0f653efa62c3bef.png强转以后可以干什么,当然是动态修改参数了。比如。
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException{
ThreadPoolExecutor executor = (ThreadPoolExecutor) Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
} 这样我们线程池的核心容量就改变了。想象要是newSingleThreadExecutor创建的对象也可以改变容量大小,它还可以称之为单线程线程池么?我们使用它来编码,不就有可能因为不知道其容量发生了变化出错吗?
3.3 newCachedThreadPool
看看源码,newCachedThreadPool是做什么的?
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException{
ThreadPoolExecutor executor = (ThreadPoolExecutor) Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);
} 可以看出来,其核心线程数是0,最大线程数是Integer.MAX_VALUE,空闲等待时间是60s,等待队列没有容量。由于其最大线程数几乎可以让你想创建多少线程就创建多少线程,并且空闲线程等待时间是很长的,有60s,因此可能存在许多隐患,建议谨慎使用。
4.返回执行结果的任务
使用submit方法(而不是execute)提交任务可以获取任务执行的返回。
先使用下面带Callable传参的版本的submit
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException{
ThreadPoolExecutor executor = (ThreadPoolExecutor) Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);
executor.setCorePoolSize(10);
} 来
public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool(ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>(),
threadFactory);
} 执行结果如下。
https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/547ac1ebaa4449428aa80cd4cea47fd0.png
也可以使用submit的下面这个带Runnable和result重载方法。
<T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task); 来。
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
ExecutorService service = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
Future<String> future = service.submit(() -> "hello,world");
System.out.println(future.get()); //注意get方法不带时间参数是默认阻塞等待结果的
} 还可以使用带FutureTask参数的构造方法。这种方式在get时是不是更加简洁一点点?
<T> Future<T> submit(Runnable task, T result); 上面三种方法都可以获取任务执行的返回结果。我们还可以通过Future对象获取当前任务的执行状态。
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
ExecutorService service = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
Future<String> future = service.submit(() ->{
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
}, "hello,world");
System.out.println(future.get());
} 输出结果如下哟。
https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/907ba2ed40fb405a9ead5db949142865.png如果我们不用get来阻塞的等待执行结果,输出结果还会一样吗?
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
ExecutorService service = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
FutureTask<String> task = new FutureTask(() -> "hello,world");
service.submit(task);
System.out.println(task.get());
service.shutdown();
} 不一样了哟。
https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/66b3a126484249a9b6c21ebb0cfde281.png
可以在任务执行过程中取消任务。
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
ExecutorService service = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
FutureTask<String> task = new FutureTask(() -> "hello,world");
service.submit(task);
System.out.println(task.get());
System.out.println(task.isDone());
System.out.println(task.isCancelled());
service.shutdown();
} 执行结果如下。
https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/763152528ce54874803d7a4307750233.png
5.执行定时任务
jdk5以后,可以使用ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor来执行定时任务,它继承自ThreadPoolExecutor。看看它的构造方法吧。可以发现其最大容量都是Integer.MAX_VALUE,并且使用的等待队列都是DelayedWorkQueue,是不是有种恍然大悟的感觉。
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
ExecutorService service = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
FutureTask<String> task = new FutureTask(() -> "hello,world");
service.submit(task);
System.out.println(task.isDone());
System.out.println(task.isCancelled());
service.shutdown();
} 来使用下吧。太简单了,是不是?
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
ExecutorService service = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
Future<String> task = service.submit(() -> {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
return "hello";
});
task.cancel(true);
System.out.println(task.isDone());
System.out.println(task.isCancelled());
service.shutdown();
} 还可以设置按照一定的频率周期来执行任务。看看源码就会用。
public ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize) {
super(corePoolSize, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, NANOSECONDS,
new DelayedWorkQueue());
}
public ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
super(corePoolSize, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, NANOSECONDS,
new DelayedWorkQueue(), threadFactory);
}
public ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
super(corePoolSize, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, NANOSECONDS,
new DelayedWorkQueue(), handler);
}
public ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
ThreadFactory threadFactory,
RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
super(corePoolSize, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, NANOSECONDS,
new DelayedWorkQueue(), threadFactory, handler);
} 它还有一个和上面方法很相似的方法scheduleWithFixedDelay。它们甚至连参数都是一毛一样。你运行下看看,会发现好像效果也是一样的。
public static void main(String[] args) {
ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(1); //核心线程数1
executor.schedule(() ->System.out.println("hello,world!"), 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
executor.shutdown();
} 那它们到底有什么其区别呢?您再运行下下面的代码。
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(1);
executor.scheduleAtFixedRate(() ->System.out.println("hello,world!"), 1,3, TimeUnit.SECONDS); //初始delay1s,之后每3s执行一次
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(20);
executor.shutdown();
} 原来scheduleAtFixedRate是按一定的频率去执行任务,不管任务有没有执行完,而scheduleWithFixedDelay是在任务执行结束的基础上再delay一定时间去执行任务。
来源:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41708993/article/details/124834799
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