Nagios的安装和使用
*实验* *nagios安装和使用*Nagios 是一个监督体系运行状态和网络信息的监督体系。Nagios 能监督所指定的本地或远程主机以及服务，同时提供异常关照功能等.
Nagios 可运行在 Linux/Unix 平台之上，同时提供一个可选的基于浏览器的 WEB 界面以方便体系管理职员查看网络状态，各种体系题目，以及日志等等。
一、实验内容
1.ubuntu16.04体系nagios的安装和使用
二**、**实验步骤
1.预备
安装相干安装包：
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\2. 下载源码并解压：
https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20230724024159.png?origin_url=file%3A%2F%2F%2FC%3A%5CUsers%5CADMINI~1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cksohtml24460%5Cwps3.jpg&pos_id=img-2VEUBrwD-1717860505305
\3. 编译源码
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\4. 创建用户和组，而且将www数据用户也添加到nagios 组中
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5 安装二级制文件，CGIs,和HTML文件
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6 安装服务或守护历程，并设置开机自启
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7 安装和设置外部下令文件
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8 安装SAMPLE设置文件，这个设置文件中有启动nagios必要的请求。
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9 安装apache web server 设置文件和apache设置。
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10 关闭防火墙或者打开80端口
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11 创建一个Apache用户账户以便登录nagios,以下下令创建一个名为nagiosadmin的用户账户，并提示输入用户账户密码;
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假如必要再次添加用户，必要把下令行中的-c去掉，否则将替换掉已经存在的nagiosadmin用户。
12 重启apache web 服务
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13启动nagios服务/守护历程
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14 测试
输入Ip地址192.168.1.102/nagios访问，输入创建的用户名和密码进行登录：
https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20230724024159.png?origin_url=file%3A%2F%2F%2FC%3A%5CUsers%5CADMINI~1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cksohtml24460%5Cwps16.jpg&pos_id=img-d2eHd5IO-1717860505311
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15 安装nagios插件
nagios必要插件才可以进行操作
先决条件
确保以下安装包都安装了
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下载源码：
https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20230724024159.png?origin_url=file%3A%2F%2F%2FC%3A%5CUsers%5CADMINI~1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cksohtml24460%5Cwps19.jpg&pos_id=img-yr3dYJPu-1717860505313
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编译和安装
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16 测试插件
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17 nagios设置文件的修改
监控本机
查看文件：
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这个设置文件中指定了本地机器的检查设置文件localhost.cfg,这个文件是体系默认存在的。定义了要检测的属性。
浏览器访问可以查看到主机的属性：
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检测Linux机器：
创建一个hosts.cfg文件定义要管理的linux机器，创建一个service.cfg定义要检测的服务。
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还必要将这些文件定义加进入到/usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
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Hosts.cfg文件定义了一个主机和主机组：检测的是192.168.1.114主机
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Services.cfg引用的local-service的服务作为本身的服务，这个服务的下令是检查主机是否存货，check-host-alive,这个下令在commands.cfg文件中被定义。
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Local-service在这个文件中被定义：
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重新启动服务可以在浏览器看到：
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机器启动成功。
上面已经对远程Linux 主机是否存活做了监控，而判断远程机器是否存活，我们可以使用ping 工具对其监测。另有一些远程主机服务，比方ftp、ssh、http，都是对外开放的服务，即使不用Nagios，我们也可以试的出来，任意找一台机器看能不能访问这些服务就行了。但是对于像磁盘容量，cpu负载如许的“本地信息”，Nagios只能监测本身地点的主机，而对其他的机器则显得有点无能为力。毕竟没得到被控主机的得当权限是不可能得到这些信息的。为了办理这个题目，nagios有如许一个附加组件–“NRPE”，用它就可以完成对Linux 范例主机"本地信息”的监控。
nrpe工作原理：
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nrpe总共由两部分构成：
\1. Check_nrpe插件，位于监控主机上
\2. NRPE daemon，运行在远程Linux主机上（被监控主机）
当Nagios必要监控某个远程Linux主机的服务或者资源时：
\1. Nagios会运行check_nrpe这个插件，告诉它要检查什么；
\2. Check_nrpe插件会毗连到远程的NRPE daemon，所用的方式是SSL’
\3. NRPE daemon会运行相应的Nagios插件来实行检查；
\4. NRPE daemon将检查的结果返回给check_nrpe插件，插件将其递交给nagios做处理。
NRPE daemon必要Nagios插件安装在远程的Linux主机上。
在被监控机上：
创建一个用户：
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安装插件：
先决条件，确保安装包已经安装
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解压插件压缩包：
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安装：
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查看可以发现多克两个文件夹，修改文件权限：
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安装NRPE
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解压：
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设置：
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安装NRPE插件，daemon和示例设置文件
\1. 安装check_nrpe插件
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\2. 安装daemon
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安装设置文件：
https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20230724024159.png?origin_url=file%3A%2F%2F%2FC%3A%5CUsers%5CADMINI~1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cksohtml24460%5Cwps47.jpg&pos_id=img-rNJrKw85-1717860505339
安装启动文件：
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修改设置文件：
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启动服务：
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测试：
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安装成功。
查看检测文件：
https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20230724024159.png?origin_url=file%3A%2F%2F%2FC%3A%5CUsers%5CADMINI~1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cksohtml24460%5Cwps53.jpg&pos_id=img-gIVuVGpn-1717860505341红色部分是下令名，也就是check_nrpe 的-c 参数可以接的内容，等号 “=” 背面是实际实行的插件步伐（这与commands.cfg 中定义下令的情势非常相似，只不外是写在了一行）。也就是说check_users 就是等号背面/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_users -w 5 -c 10 的简称。
我们可以很容易知道上面这5行定义的下令分别是检测登岸用户数，cpu负载，sda1的容量，僵尸历程，总历程数。各条下令具体的寄义见插件用法（实行“插件步伐名 –h”）。
由于-c 背面只能接nrpe.cfg 中定义的下令，也就是说现在我们只能用上面定义的这五条下令。我们可以在本机实验一下。
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在监控主机上：
安装check_nrpe插件；
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https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20230724024159.png?origin_url=file%3A%2F%2F%2FC%3A%5CUsers%5CADMINI~1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cksohtml24460%5Cwps59.jpg&pos_id=img-K8aZyv8h-1717860505344
测试：
https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20230724024159.png?origin_url=file%3A%2F%2F%2FC%3A%5CUsers%5CADMINI~1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cksohtml24460%5Cwps60.jpg&pos_id=img-piF0DpwM-1717860505344
在commands.cfg中增长对check_nrpe的定义：
https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20230724024159.png?origin_url=file%3A%2F%2F%2FC%3A%5CUsers%5CADMINI~1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cksohtml24460%5Cwps61.jpg&pos_id=img-n5q3icvx-1717860505345
https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20230724024159.png?origin_url=file%3A%2F%2F%2FC%3A%5CUsers%5CADMINI~1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cksohtml24460%5Cwps62.jpg&pos_id=img-fH7nGekC-1717860505345
-c 背面带的 A R G 1 ARG1 ARG1 参数是传给nrpe daemon 实行的检测下令，之前说过了它必须是nrpe.cfg 中所定义的那5条下令中的此中一条。在services.cfg 中使用check_nrpe 的时间要用 “!” 带上这个参数。
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可以自定义下令：
比方监控swap分区
在被监控端：编辑文件/usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg
添加：
https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20230724024159.png?origin_url=file%3A%2F%2F%2FC%3A%5CUsers%5CADMINI~1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cksohtml24460%5Cwps64.jpg&pos_id=img-nE7mWDKE-1717860505346
https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20230724024159.png?origin_url=file%3A%2F%2F%2FC%3A%5CUsers%5CADMINI~1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cksohtml24460%5Cwps65.jpg&pos_id=img-5wnOYoWT-1717860505347
这个下令的意思是假如空闲空间小于20%则为警告状态 -> warning；假如小于10%则为严峻状态 -> critical。
重启服务。
https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20230724024159.png?origin_url=file%3A%2F%2F%2FC%3A%5CUsers%5CADMINI~1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cksohtml24460%5Cwps66.jpg&pos_id=img-UnZ7K7vh-1717860505348
在监控端：
在/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/services.cfg添加：
https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20230724024159.png?origin_url=file%3A%2F%2F%2FC%3A%5CUsers%5CADMINI~1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cksohtml24460%5Cwps67.jpg&pos_id=img-dHUA2Eqy-1717860505348
重启nagios服务
重新访问192.168.1.102/nagios,可以看到如下图：
https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20230724024159.png?origin_url=file%3A%2F%2F%2FC%3A%5CUsers%5CADMINI~1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cksohtml24460%5Cwps68.jpg&pos_id=img-grnbA1oG-1717860505349
监控windows机器
查看windows机器的IP地址
https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20230724024159.png?origin_url=file%3A%2F%2F%2FC%3A%5CUsers%5CADMINI~1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cksohtml24460%5Cwps69.jpg&pos_id=img-GvqnKMLD-1717860505349
修改设置，将IP地址修改为Windows机器的地址
https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20230724024159.png?origin_url=file%3A%2F%2F%2FC%3A%5CUsers%5CADMINI~1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cksohtml24460%5Cwps70.jpg&pos_id=img-HJFTLXyT-1717860505349
https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20230724024159.png?origin_url=file%3A%2F%2F%2FC%3A%5CUsers%5CADMINI~1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cksohtml24460%5Cwps71.jpg&pos_id=img-VmZJsr9a-1717860505350
修改nagios.cfg文件，将文件引用的注释去除，使设置生效
https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20230724024159.png?origin_url=file%3A%2F%2F%2FC%3A%5CUsers%5CADMINI~1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cksohtml24460%5Cwps72.jpg&pos_id=img-Gq0QxmWE-1717860505350
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利用nsclient++监控远程windows上的本地消息
在nagios的libexec下有check_nt这个插件，它就是用来检查windows机器的服务的。同时必要在windows搭配软件nsclient++.
Nsclient++的原理如下图：
https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20230724024159.png?origin_url=file%3A%2F%2F%2FC%3A%5CUsers%5CADMINI~1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cksohtml24460%5Cwps74.jpg&pos_id=img-of777W7f-1717860505351
可以看到NSClient与nrpe最大的区别就是：
1.被监控机上安装有nrpe，而且另有插件，最终的监控是由这些插件来进行的。当监控主机将监控请求发给nrpe后，nrpe调用插件来完成监控。
2.NSClient++则不同，被监控机上只安装NSClient，没有任何的插件。当监控主机将监控请求发给NSClient++后，NSClient直接完成监控，全部的监控是由NSClient完成的。
这也说明了NSClient++的一个很大的题目：不灵活、没有可扩展性。它只能完本钱身本身包含的监控操作，不能由一些插件来扩展。
windows安装nsclient++
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安装完成；
修改设置文件
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先修改文件的权限
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将这些权限才可以修改设置文件。
修改文件
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https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20230724024159.png?origin_url=file%3A%2F%2F%2FC%3A%5CUsers%5CADMINI~1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cksohtml24460%5Cwps81.jpg&pos_id=img-HxJpJT2K-1717860505354
查看服务：
https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20230724024159.png?origin_url=file%3A%2F%2F%2FC%3A%5CUsers%5CADMINI~1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cksohtml24460%5Cwps82.jpg&pos_id=img-7fi5mDA3-1717860505355
查看端口：可以看到12489端口打开。
https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20230724024159.png?origin_url=file%3A%2F%2F%2FC%3A%5CUsers%5CADMINI~1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cksohtml24460%5Cwps83.jpg&pos_id=img-XJTJKtsq-1717860505355
在监控端：
https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20230724024159.png?origin_url=file%3A%2F%2F%2FC%3A%5CUsers%5CADMINI~1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cksohtml24460%5Cwps84.jpg&pos_id=img-apwYLSo8-1717860505355
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测试：
https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20230724024159.png?origin_url=file%3A%2F%2F%2FC%3A%5CUsers%5CADMINI~1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cksohtml24460%5Cwps86.jpg&pos_id=img-GZxWTfJU-1717860505357
监控器查看：
https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20230724024159.png?origin_url=file%3A%2F%2F%2FC%3A%5CUsers%5CADMINI~1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cksohtml24460%5Cwps87.jpg&pos_id=img-reCvoKn1-1717860505357
可以看到所检测的计算的一些情况
存中…(img-HxJpJT2K-1717860505354)]
查看服务：
[外链图片转存中…(img-7fi5mDA3-1717860505355)]
查看端口：可以看到12489端口打开。
[外链图片转存中…(img-XJTJKtsq-1717860505355)]
在监控端：
[外链图片转存中…(img-apwYLSo8-1717860505355)]
[外链图片转存中…(img-RO00Fk6a-1717860505356)]
测试：
[外链图片转存中…(img-GZxWTfJU-1717860505357)]
监控器查看：
[外链图片转存中…(img-reCvoKn1-1717860505357)]
可以看到所检测的计算的一些情况
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