OpenStack云盘算（九）——OpenStack虚拟机实例管理，使用命令行创建Fedora
项目实训一【实训标题】
使用命令行创建Fedora虚拟机实例并注入用户暗码
【实训目标】
（1）掌握命令行界面的虚拟机实例根本操作。
（2）掌握用户数据注入方法。
【实训预备】
（1）复习命令行用户数据注入方法。
（2）预备好Fedora操作系统镜像。
【实训内容】
下面给出详细的参考步骤。
（1）在OpenStack主机上进入命令行界面。
（2）加载demo用户的情况脚本。
# source keystonerc_demo
（3）查看实例创建的条件条件，包罗可用的实例类型、镜像、网络、安全组及其规则、密钥对。
① 查看实例类型
https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/02a05c56fed64241bc16e20579b5c80d.png
② 查看当前镜像
https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/7053fe4a847a4324bf9b55fa8445d26b.png
https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/7c0503c073c84f55ba99cd8fe0452fa8.png
③ 查看当前网络
https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/953c90ee0cfe4cad83c6ecf2ab3663b2.png
https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/9e7d0e7f67234e49bfacde65a3970195.png
④ 查看当前安全组及其规则
https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/42704d2738644358a63b239f34ec8398.png
https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/037ebd0662cc477b81b9ccb91aa5d0fd.png
https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/4c41fe3bfc7b46f9888fe4bb3efeb313.png
⑤ 查看当前密钥对
https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/b6f8ccfc5fd7454d8ced0f01d578a288.png
https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/aaa8fcd39ce64492bb1f03b5fceeea51.png
（4）预备一个用户数据文本文件（命名为my_user_data.txt）
如果没有nano命令，则执行如下命令安装
# yum -y install nano
# nano my_user_data.txt
https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/1b9722015a1b4cee92870a58910958b3.png
并在其中参加注入root和fedaora用户暗码的cloud-config指令，注意解释需单独一行，暗码反面不要有多余的空格。
#cloud-config
chpasswd:
list: |
root:abc123
fedora:abc123
expire: false
ssh_pwauth: true https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/35684ebf797a4b659db8c142c522cedb.png
（5）执行openstack server create命令，基于Fedora官方操作系统镜像创建一个虚拟机实例，使用--user-data选项传入该脚本文件，使用--config-drive选项来启用配置驱动器（将其值设为True）。
# openstack server create --config-drive true --image fedora --flavor 2 --key-name demo-key --user-data ./my_user_data.txt fedoraVM2
+-----------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+-----------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| OS-DCF:diskConfig | MANUAL |
| OS-EXT-AZ:availability_zone | |
| OS-EXT-STS:power_state | NOSTATE |
| OS-EXT-STS:task_state | scheduling |
| OS-EXT-STS:vm_state | building |
| OS-SRV-USG:launched_at | None |
| OS-SRV-USG:terminated_at | None |
| accessIPv4 | |
| accessIPv6 | |
| addresses | |
| adminPass | FLu4HSGeLDtp |
| config_drive | True |
| created | 2021-08-29T03:21:39Z |
| flavor | m1.small (2) |
| hostId | |
| id | b51b252c-6349-4452-8cc4-8f584ec9a143 |
| image | fedora (d967cfbb-b936-4256-93d6-faa89d650ab7) |
| key_name | demo-key |
| name | fedoraVM2 |
| progress | 0 |
| project_id | f4e6c7f3791f4d5daf9cfb467298aafc |
| properties | |
| security_groups | name='default' |
| status | BUILD |
| updated | 2021-08-29T03:21:39Z |
| user_id | 97e37e69c8ec4f51b22e87c2e885f38d |
| volumes_attached | |
+-----------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/c1a7b67d87784c17b2e245f1a45a1d91.png
稍等片刻，再查看新建实例的状态
# openstack server list
+--------------------------------------+------------+---------+------------------------------------+--------+----------+
| ID | Name | Status | Networks | Image | Flavor |
+--------------------------------------+------------+---------+------------------------------------+--------+----------+
| b51b252c-6349-4452-8cc4-8f584ec9a143 | fedoraVM2 | ACTIVE | private=10.0.0.175 | fedora | m1.small |
| 303a6d60-4286-4b52-b6af-c1b0577bdf7e | Cirros_VM1 | SHUTOFF | private=10.0.0.90 | cirros | m1.tiny |
| 52bbe889-c453-407c-aa90-0c26e69b68be | Fedora-VM | SHUTOFF | private=10.0.0.194, 192.168.199.58 | | m1.small |
| 5c5f63e4-c659-40bc-ae0c-6789fad1b923 | Cirros-VM | SHUTOFF | private=10.0.0.60, 192.168.199.59 | | m1.tiny |
https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/9508cc56fe1e4a46803010917d5f8f6a.png
（6）完成实例创建之后，通过SSH登录该实例进行测试
起首需要为该实例分配一个浮动IP地址，以便从外部访问该实例。可以登录到图形界面操作，这里示范命令行操作
① 从地址池中获取一个闲置的浮动IP地址
# openstack floating ip create public
+---------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+---------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| created_at | 2021-08-29T03:44:36Z |
| description | |
| dns_domain | None |
| dns_name | None |
| fixed_ip_address | None |
| floating_ip_address | 192.168.199.44 |
| floating_network_id | a5b2a921-a189-4372-a99a-c9a481c7d6c2 |
| id | 5ce9504a-bccf-47b3-8360-cc3d185d73ee |
| location | Munch({'project': Munch({'domain_name': 'Default', 'domain_id': None, 'name': 'demo', 'id': u'f4e6c7f3791f4d5daf9cfb467298aafc'}), 'cloud': '', 'region_name': '', 'zone': None}) |
| name | 192.168.199.44 |
| port_details | None |
| port_id | None |
| project_id | f4e6c7f3791f4d5daf9cfb467298aafc |
| qos_policy_id | None |
| revision_number | 0 |
| router_id | None |
| status | DOWN |
| subnet_id | None |
| tags | [] |
| updated_at | 2021-08-29T03:44:36Z |
+---------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/7b1a5f7f931d461eaf6b457a06f158be.png
② 将该IP地址绑定到新建的Fedora实例
# openstack server add floating ip fedoraVM2 192.168.233.93
https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/565333e4f4c74aa499f8313a989b7e0f.png
③ 查看当前的实例列表，可以发现浮动IP地址绑定成功
# openstack server list
+--------------------------------------+------------+---------+------------------------------------+--------+----------+
| ID | Name | Status| Networks | Image| Flavor |
+--------------------------------------+------------+---------+------------------------------------+--------+----------+
| b51b252c-6349-4452-8cc4-8f584ec9a143 | fedoraVM2| ACTIVE| private=10.0.0.175, 192.168.199.44 | fedora | m1.small |
| 303a6d60-4286-4b52-b6af-c1b0577bdf7e | Cirros_VM1 | SHUTOFF | private=10.0.0.90 | cirros | m1.tiny|
| 52bbe889-c453-407c-aa90-0c26e69b68be | Fedora-VM| SHUTOFF | private=10.0.0.194, 192.168.199.58 | | m1.small |
| 5c5f63e4-c659-40bc-ae0c-6789fad1b923 | Cirros-VM| SHUTOFF | private=10.0.0.60, 192.168.199.59| | m1.tiny|
+--------------------------------------+------------+---------+------------------------------------+--------+----------+ https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/530b544ee76441da9beb639b2c6b0c0a.png
④ 测试SSH暗码登录
# ssh fedora@192.168.233.93
The authenticity of host '192.168.199.87 (192.168.199.44)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:f/rI4UsneTZD/1B4S3GmxsbMJRVa/HK7hsvuHipExAg.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:0d:35:2f:03:30:26:f3:6b:6a:59:52:c0:d9:16:83:5c.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.199.44' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
fedora@192.168.199.44's password:
$ exit 4
Connection to 192.168.199.44 closed. 注意当前虚拟机实例中的SSH配置不支持root账户SSH暗码登录，这里只能用fedora账户测试SSH暗码登录。
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