使用Python写贪吃蛇游戏
贪吃蛇游戏是一款经典的小游戏，玩家通过控制蛇的移动来吃食物，蛇的身体会随着吃到的食物越来越多而变长。本文将介绍如何使用Python来创建一个简单的贪吃蛇游戏。代码分析
1. 设置窗口
首先，我们需要设置游戏窗口。使用 turtle.Screen() 创建一个窗口，并设置窗口的标题、背景颜色和巨细。通过 window.tracer(0) 关闭自动更新屏幕，以进步性能。
import turtle
import time
import random
window = turtle.Screen()
window.title("XXX")
window.bgcolor("black")
window.setup(width=800, height=600)
window.tracer(0)
2. 创建蛇头
接下来，我们创建蛇头。使用 turtle.Turtle() 创建一个 Turtle 对象，设置其速度、形状、颜色，并将其移动到屏幕中央。
head = turtle.Turtle()
head.speed(0)
head.shape("square")
head.color("white")
head.direction = "stop"
3. 创建蛇身体和食物
我们使用一个列表 segments 来存储蛇的身体部分。食物也是一个 Turtle 对象，随机天生在屏幕上。
segments = []
food = turtle.Turtle()
food.speed(0)
food.goto(random.randint(-14, 14) * 20, random.randint(-14, 14) * 20)
4. 移动函数
定义一个 move 函数来控制蛇的移动。根据蛇头的方向，更新其坐标。
def move():
if head.direction == "up":
elif head.direction == "down":
elif head.direction == "left":
elif head.direction == "right":
5. 键盘绑定
通过键盘绑定函数来控制蛇的移动方向。使用 window.listen() 和 window.onkeypress() 来监听键盘事件。
def go_up():
if head.direction != "down":
head.direction = "up"
def go_down():
if head.direction != "up":
head.direction = "down"
def go_left():
if head.direction != "right":
head.direction = "left"
def go_right():
if head.direction != "left":
head.direction = "right"
window.listen()
window.onkeypress(go_up, "Up")
window.onkeypress(go_down, "Down")
window.onkeypress(go_left, "Left")
window.onkeypress(go_right, "Right")
6. 主循环
在主循环中，我们更新屏幕、查抄界限碰撞、食物碰撞，并移动蛇的身体。通过 time.sleep(0.1 / speed) 来控制游戏速度。
while True:
window.update()
if head.xcor() > 290 or head.xcor() < -290 or head.ycor() > 290 or head.ycor() < -290:
time.sleep(1)
head.goto(0, 0)
head.direction = "stop"
for segment in segments:
segment.goto(1000, 1000)
segments.clear()
if head.distance(food) < 20:
food.goto(random.randint(-14, 14) * 20, random.randint(-14, 14) * 20)
new_segment = turtle.Turtle()
new_segment.speed(0)
new_segment.shape("square")
new_segment.color("grey")
new_segment.penup()
segments.append(new_segment)
for index in range(len(segments) - 1, 0, -1):
x = segments.xcor()
y = segments.ycor()
segments.goto(x, y) if len(segments) > 0:
x = head.xcor()
y = head.ycor()
segments.goto(x, y)
move()
for segment in segments:
if segment.distance(head) < 20:
time.sleep(1)
head.goto(0, 0)
head.direction = "stop"
for segment in segments:
segment.goto(1000, 1000)
segments.clear()
time.sleep(0.1 / speed)
完整代码
import turtleimport timeimport randomwindow = turtle.Screen()window.title("贪吃蛇小游戏")window.bgcolor("black")window.setup(width=800, height=600)window.tracer(0)head = turtle.Turtle()head.speed(0)head.shape("square")head.color("white")head.penup()head.goto(0, 0)head.direction = "stop"segments = []food = turtle.Turtle()food.speed(0)food.shape("circle")food.color("red")food.penup()food.goto(random.randint(-14, 14) * 20, random.randint(-14, 14) * 20)def move(): if head.direction == "up": y = head.ycor() head.sety(y + 20) elif head.direction == "down": y = head.ycor() head.sety(y - 20) elif head.direction == "left": x = head.xcor() head.setx(x - 20) elif head.direction == "right": x = head.xcor() head.setx(x + 20)def go_up():
if head.direction != "down":
head.direction = "up"
def go_down():
if head.direction != "up":
head.direction = "down"
def go_left():
if head.direction != "right":
head.direction = "left"
def go_right():
if head.direction != "left":
head.direction = "right"
window.listen()
window.onkeypress(go_up, "Up")
window.onkeypress(go_down, "Down")
window.onkeypress(go_left, "Left")
window.onkeypress(go_right, "Right")
speed = 0.7while True:
window.update()
if head.xcor() > 290 or head.xcor() < -290 or head.ycor() > 290 or head.ycor() < -290:
time.sleep(1)
head.goto(0, 0)
head.direction = "stop"
for segment in segments:
segment.goto(1000, 1000)
segments.clear()
if head.distance(food) < 20: food.goto(random.randint(-14, 14) * 20, random.randint(-14, 14) * 20) new_segment = turtle.Turtle() new_segment.speed(0) new_segment.shape("square") new_segment.color("grey") new_segment.penup() segments.append(new_segment) for index in range(len(segments) - 1, 0, -1): x = segments.xcor() y = segments.ycor() segments.goto(x, y) if len(segments) > 0: x = head.xcor() y = head.ycor() segments.goto(x, y) move() for segment in segments: if segment.distance(head) < 20: time.sleep(1) head.goto(0, 0) head.direction = "stop" for segment in segments: segment.goto(1000, 1000) segments.clear() time.sleep(0.1 / speed)
通过以上步调，我们成功创建了一个简单的贪吃蛇游戏。后续可以根据需要进一步优化和扩展游戏功能，比方增加得分体系、难度级别等！
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