Linux下安装Mysql数据库
1.版本阐明和引用[*] Linux版本Centos7
# cat /proc/version
Linux version 3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64 (mockbuild@kbuilder.bsys.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Mon Oct 19 16:18:59 UTC 2020
[*] Mysql版本8.4.0
[*] 安装方式手动rpm包安装
[*] 官方安装引导文档，其它系统和版本可参考文档MySQL :: MySQL 8.4 Reference Manual :: 2.5.4 Installing MySQL on Linux Using RPM Packages from Oracle
[*] 下载Mysql rpm包 MySQL :: Download MySQL Community Server (Archived Versions)
同时支持Linux8/9 选择相应版本下载
https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/101d3a24a37840909dcc819547cf55e1.jpegBundle版本意思为合集，ARM和X86为系统架构，正常情况下是X86系统（Inter使用这个)
https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/19444470a8ea46cba8f83f82a3e7230b.jpeg
[*]导入虚拟机 # pwd
/opt
# ls
mysql-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
[*] 解压压缩包
# tar xvf mysql-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
mysql-community-client-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-client-plugins-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-debuginfo-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-compat-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-debug-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-test-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[*] 全部rmp包内容如下
[*] MysqlRPM包 Rpm包名
简介mysql-community-client客户端和工具包mysql-community-client-plugins客户端共享插件mysql-community-common客户/服务端共享库文件mysql-community-devel客户端开发者头/库文件mysql-community-embedded-compat嵌入式相关支持mysql-community-icu-data-files正则相关的ICU支持文件mysql-community-libs客户端/应用库文件mysql-community-libs-compat旧版兼容相关库文件mysql-community-server服务端和工具包mysql-community-server-debug服务调试和插件相关mysql-community-test服务器测试相关mysql-community源码文件Additional *debuginfo* RPMs可能还有其它debuginfo相关的rmp包
2.安装数据库
[*]安装相应rpm包 # ls
mysql-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
mysql-community-client-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-client-plugins-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-debuginfo-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-compat-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-debug-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-test-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
# pwd
/opt
# yum install mysql-community-{server,client,client-plugins,icu-data-files,common,libs}-*
[*] 自动安装后默认设置如下
[*]
Files or Resources
LocationClient programs and scripts/usr/binmysqld server/usr/sbinConfiguration file（设置文件）/etc/my.cnfData directory/var/lib/mysqlError log file（错误日志） For RHEL, Oracle Linux, CentOS or Fedora platforms: /var/log/mysqld.log
For SLES: /var/log/mysql/mysqld.log
Value of secure_file_priv/var/lib/mysql-filesSystem V init script For RHEL, Oracle Linux, CentOS or Fedora platforms: /etc/init.d/mysqld
For SLES: /etc/init.d/mysql
Systemd service For RHEL, Oracle Linux, CentOS or Fedora platforms: mysqld
For SLES: mysql
Pid file/var/run/mysql/mysqld.pidSocket/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sockKeyring directory/var/lib/mysql-keyringUnix manual pages/usr/share/manInclude (header) files/usr/include/mysqlLibraries/usr/lib/mysqlMiscellaneous support files (for example, error messages, and character set files)/usr/share/mysql
[*]启动停止Mysql # systemctl start mysqld
# systemctl restart mysqld
# systemctl stop mysqld
[*]查看临时密码 # grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2024-08-13T02:20:22.872261Z 6 A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: &9Y,cyZl_/gP
[*] 登陆mysql
# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 10
Server version: 8.4.0 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
[*] 修改密码（validate_password插件默认安装要求密码强度至少包含一个大写字母、一个小写字母、一位数字和一个特殊字符，并且密码总长度至少为8个字符）
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass4!';
[*] 修改长途连接
mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> update user set host="%" where user="root";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1Changed: 0Warnings: 0
[*] 开放防火墙3306端口
# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
# firewall-cmd --reload
# firewall-cmd --list-ports 查看所有开放的端口
[*] 把密码强度修改为简单密码，修改文件后重启Mysql服务后登陆，再次修改密码可以设置简单密码，参见步骤4，6，7（可选）
# vi /etc/my.cnf
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove the leading "# " to disable binary logging
# Binary logging captures changes between backups and is enabled by
# default. It's default setting is log_bin=binlog
# disable_log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
bind-address=0.0.0.0
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
#设置密码强度策略为低
validate_password.policy=LOW
#设置密码长度为6个
validate_password.length=6
[*] 添加本机免密登陆（可选)
# vi /etc/my.cnf
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove the leading "# " to disable binary logging
# Binary logging captures changes between backups and is enabled by
# default. It's default setting is log_bin=binlog
# disable_log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
bind-address=0.0.0.0
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
validate_password.policy=LOW
validate_password.length=6
#密码用户名写在下
user=root
password=123456
直接使用mysql命令可以登陆命令行无需再输入密码
# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 12
Server version: 8.4.0 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
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