利用llama.cpp实现LLM大模型的格式转换、量化、推理、摆设
llama.cpp实现大模型的格式转换、量化、推理、摆设概述
llama.cpp的重要目标是能够在各种硬件上实现LLM推理，只需最少的设置，并提供最先辈的性能。提供1.5位、2位、3位、4位、5位、6位和8位整数量化，以加速推理速度并淘汰内存利用。
GitHub：https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp
克隆和编译
克隆最新版llama.cpp堆栈代码
git clone https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp
对llama.cpp项目举行编译，在目次下会生成一系列可执行文件
main：使用模型进行推理
quantize：量化模型
server：提供模型API服务
1.编译构建CPU执行环境，安装简单，实用于没有GPU的利用体系
cd llama.cpp
mkdir
2.编译构建GPU执行环境，确保安装CUDA工具包，实用于有GPU的利用体系
如果CUDA设置正确，那么执行nvidia-smi、nvcc --version没有错误提示，则表现一切设置正确。
make clean
&&make LLAMA_CUDA=1
3.如果编译失败大概需要重新编译，可实行清算并重新编译，直至编译乐成
make clean
环境准备
1.下载受支持的模型
要利用llamma.cpp，首先需要准备它支持的模型。在官方文档中给出了说明，这里仅仅截取其中一部分
https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/dd1c281c7464a5a9b474e69d993a79c8.webp?x-oss-process=image/format,png 2.安装依靠
llama.cpp项目下带有requirements.txt 文件，直接安装依靠即可。
pip install -r requirements.txt
模型格式转换
根据模型架构，可以利用convert.py或convert-hf-to-gguf.py文件。
转换脚本读取模型配置、分词器、张量名称+数据，并将它们转换为GGUF元数据和张量。
GGUF格式
Llama-3相比其前两代明显扩充了词表大小，由32K扩充至128K，而且改为BPE词表。因此需要利用--vocab-type参数指定分词算法，默认值是spm，如果是bpe，需要表现指定
注意：
官方文档说convert.py不支持LLaMA 3，喊利用convert-hf-to-gguf.py，但它不支持--vocab-type，且出现异常：error: unrecognized arguments: --vocab-type bpe，因此利用convert.py且没出问题
利用llama.cpp项目中的convert.py脚本转换模型为GGUF格式
root@master:~/work/llama.cpp# python3 ./convert.py/root/work/models/Llama3-Chinese-8B-Instruct/ --outtype f16 --vocab-type bpe --outfile ./models/Llama3-FP16.gguf
INFO:convert:Loading model file /root/work/models/Llama3-Chinese-8B-Instruct/model-00001-of-00004.safetensors
INFO:convert:Loading model file /root/work/models/Llama3-Chinese-8B-Instruct/model-00001-of-00004.safetensors
INFO:convert:Loading model file /root/work/models/Llama3-Chinese-8B-Instruct/model-00002-of-00004.safetensors
INFO:convert:Loading model file /root/work/models/Llama3-Chinese-8B-Instruct/model-00003-of-00004.safetensors
INFO:convert:Loading model file /root/work/models/Llama3-Chinese-8B-Instruct/model-00004-of-00004.safetensors
INFO:convert:model parameters count : 8030261248 (8B)
INFO:convert:params = Params(n_vocab=128256, n_embd=4096, n_layer=32, n_ctx=8192, n_ff=14336, n_head=32, n_head_kv=8, n_experts=None, n_experts_used=None, f_norm_eps=1e-05, rope_scaling_type=None, f_rope_freq_base=500000.0, f_rope_scale=None, n_orig_ctx=None, rope_finetuned=None, ftype=<GGMLFileType.MostlyF16: 1>, path_model=PosixPath('/root/work/models/Llama3-Chinese-8B-Instruct'))
INFO:convert:Loaded vocab file PosixPath('/root/work/models/Llama3-Chinese-8B-Instruct/tokenizer.json'), type 'bpe'
INFO:convert:Vocab info: <BpeVocab with 128000 base tokens and 256 added tokens>
INFO:convert:Special vocab info: <SpecialVocab with 280147 merges, special tokens {'bos': 128000, 'eos': 128001}, add special tokens unset>
INFO:convert:Writing models/Llama3-FP16.gguf, format 1
WARNING:convert:Ignoring added_tokens.json since model matches vocab size without it.
INFO:gguf.gguf_writer:gguf: This GGUF file is for Little Endian only
INFO:gguf.vocab:Adding 280147 merge(s).
INFO:gguf.vocab:Setting special token type bos to 128000
INFO:gguf.vocab:Setting special token type eos to 128001
INFO:gguf.vocab:Setting chat_template to {% set loop_messages = messages %}{% for message in loop_messages %}{% set content = '<|start_header_id|>' + message['role'] + '<|end_header_id|>
'+ message['content'] | trim + '<|eot_id|>' %}{% if loop.index0 == 0 %}{% set content = bos_token + content %}{% endif %}{{ content }}{% endfor %}{{ '<|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>
' }}
INFO:convert: Writing tensor token_embd.weight | size 128256 x 4096| type F16| T+ 1
INFO:convert: Writing tensor blk.0.attn_norm.weight | size 4096 | type F32| T+ 2
INFO:convert: Writing tensor blk.0.ffn_down.weight | size 4096 x14336| type F16| T+ 2
INFO:convert: Writing tensor blk.0.ffn_gate.weight | size14336 x 4096| type F16| T+ 2
INFO:convert: Writing tensor blk.0.ffn_up.weight | size14336 x 4096| type F16| T+ 2
INFO:convert: Writing tensor blk.0.ffn_norm.weight | size 4096 | type F32| T+ 2
INFO:convert: Writing tensor blk.0.attn_k.weight | size 1024 x 4096| type F16| T+ 2
INFO:convert: Writing tensor blk.0.attn_output.weight | size 4096 x 4096| type F16| T+ 2
INFO:convert: Writing tensor blk.0.attn_q.weight | size 4096 x 4096| type F16| T+ 3
INFO:convert:[ 10/291] Writing tensor blk.0.attn_v.weight | size 1024 x 4096| type F16| T+ 3
INFO:convert:[ 11/291] Writing tensor blk.1.attn_norm.weight | size 4096 | type F32| T+ 3
转换为FP16的GGUF格式，模型体积大概15G。
root@master:~/work/llama.cpp# ll models -h
-rw-r--r--1 root root15G May 17 07:47 Llama3-FP16.gguf
bin格式
root@master:~/work/llama.cpp# python3 ./convert.py/root/work/models/Llama3-Chinese-8B-Instruct/ --outtype f16 --vocab-type bpe --outfile ./models/Llama3-FP16.bin
INFO:convert:Loading model file /root/work/models/Llama3-Chinese-8B-Instruct/model-00001-of-00004.safetensors
INFO:convert:Loading model file /root/work/models/Llama3-Chinese-8B-Instruct/model-00001-of-00004.safetensors
INFO:convert:Loading model file /root/work/models/Llama3-Chinese-8B-Instruct/model-00002-of-00004.safetensors
INFO:convert:Loading model file /root/work/models/Llama3-Chinese-8B-Instruct/model-00003-of-00004.safetensors
INFO:convert:Loading model file /root/work/models/Llama3-Chinese-8B-Instruct/model-00004-of-00004.safetensors
INFO:convert:model parameters count : 8030261248 (8B)
INFO:convert:params = Params(n_vocab=128256, n_embd=4096, n_layer=32, n_ctx=8192, n_ff=14336, n_head=32, n_head_kv=8, n_experts=None, n_experts_used=None, f_norm_eps=1e-05, rope_scaling_type=None, f_rope_freq_base=500000.0, f_rope_scale=None, n_orig_ctx=None, rope_finetuned=None, ftype=<GGMLFileType.MostlyF16: 1>, path_model=PosixPath('/root/work/models/Llama3-Chinese-8B-Instruct'))
INFO:convert:Loaded vocab file PosixPath('/root/work/models/Llama3-Chinese-8B-Instruct/tokenizer.json'), type 'bpe'
INFO:convert:Vocab info: <BpeVocab with 128000 base tokens and 256 added tokens>
INFO:convert:Special vocab info: <SpecialVocab with 280147 merges, special tokens {'bos': 128000, 'eos': 128001}, add special tokens unset>
INFO:convert:Writing models/Llama3-FP16.bin, format 1
WARNING:convert:Ignoring added_tokens.json since model matches vocab size without it.
INFO:gguf.gguf_writer:gguf: This GGUF file is for Little Endian only
INFO:gguf.vocab:Adding 280147 merge(s).
INFO:gguf.vocab:Setting special token type bos to 128000
INFO:gguf.vocab:Setting special token type eos to 128001
INFO:gguf.vocab:Setting chat_template to {% set loop_messages = messages %}{% for message in loop_messages %}{% set content = '<|start_header_id|>' + message['role'] + '<|end_header_id|>
'+ message['content'] | trim + '<|eot_id|>' %}{% if loop.index0 == 0 %}{% set content = bos_token + content %}{% endif %}{{ content }}{% endfor %}{{ '<|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>
' }}
INFO:convert: Writing tensor token_embd.weight | size 128256 x 4096| type F16| T+ 4
INFO:convert: Writing tensor blk.0.attn_norm.weight | size 4096 | type F32| T+ 4
INFO:convert: Writing tensor blk.0.ffn_down.weight | size 4096 x14336| type F16| T+ 4
INFO:convert: Writing tensor blk.0.ffn_gate.weight | size14336 x 4096| type F16| T+ 5
INFO:convert: Writing tensor blk.0.ffn_up.weight | size14336 x 4096| type F16| T+ 5
INFO:convert: Writing tensor blk.0.ffn_norm.weight | size 4096 | type F32| T+ 5
INFO:convert: Writing tensor blk.0.attn_k.weight | size 1024 x 4096| type F16| T+ 5
INFO:convert: Writing tensor blk.0.attn_output.weight | size 4096 x 4096| type F16| T+ 5
INFO:convert: Writing tensor blk.0.attn_q.weight | size 4096 x 4096| type F16| T+ 5
INFO:convert:[ 10/291] Writing tensor blk.0.attn_v.weight | size 1024 x 4096| type F16| T+ 5
INFO:convert:[ 11/291] Writing tensor blk.1.attn_norm.weight | size 4096 | type F32| T+ 5
INFO:convert:[ 12/291] Writing tensor blk.1.ffn_down.weight | size 4096 x14336| type F16| T+ 5
INFO:convert:[ 13/291] Writing tensor blk.1.ffn_gate.weight | size14336 x 4096| type F16| T+ 5
root@master:~/work/llama.cpp# ll models -h
-rw-r--r--1 root root15G May 17 07:47 Llama3-FP16.gguf
-rw-r--r--1 root root15G May 17 08:02 Llama3-FP16.bin 模型量化
模型量化利用quantize命令，其具体可用参数与答应量化的范例如下：
root@master:~/work/llama.cpp# ./quantize
usage: ./quantize [--help] [--allow-requantize] [--leave-output-tensor] [--pure] [--imatrix] [--include-weights] [--exclude-weights] [--output-tensor-type] [--token-embedding-type] [--override-kv] model-f32.gguf type
--allow-requantize: Allows requantizing tensors that have already been quantized. Warning: This can severely reduce quality compared to quantizing from 16bit or 32bit
--leave-output-tensor: Will leave output.weight un(re)quantized. Increases model size but may also increase quality, especially when requantizing
--pure: Disable k-quant mixtures and quantize all tensors to the same type
--imatrix file_name: use data in file_name as importance matrix for quant optimizations
--include-weights tensor_name: use importance matrix for this/these tensor(s)
--exclude-weights tensor_name: use importance matrix for this/these tensor(s)
--output-tensor-type ggml_type: use this ggml_type for the output.weight tensor
--token-embedding-type ggml_type: use this ggml_type for the token embeddings tensor
--keep-split: will generate quatized model in the same shards as input--override-kv KEY=TYPE:VALUE
Advanced option to override model metadata by key in the quantized model. May be specified multiple times.
Note: --include-weights and --exclude-weights cannot be used together
Allowed quantization types:
2orQ4_0 :3.56G, +0.2166 ppl @ LLaMA-v1-7B
3orQ4_1 :3.90G, +0.1585 ppl @ LLaMA-v1-7B
8orQ5_0 :4.33G, +0.0683 ppl @ LLaMA-v1-7B
9orQ5_1 :4.70G, +0.0349 ppl @ LLaMA-v1-7B
19orIQ2_XXS :2.06 bpw quantization
20orIQ2_XS:2.31 bpw quantization
28orIQ2_S :2.5bpw quantization
29orIQ2_M :2.7bpw quantization
24orIQ1_S :1.56 bpw quantization
31orIQ1_M :1.75 bpw quantization
10orQ2_K :2.63G, +0.6717 ppl @ LLaMA-v1-7B
21orQ2_K_S:2.16G, +9.0634 ppl @ LLaMA-v1-7B
23orIQ3_XXS :3.06 bpw quantization
26orIQ3_S :3.44 bpw quantization
27orIQ3_M :3.66 bpw quantization mix
12orQ3_K : alias for Q3_K_M
22orIQ3_XS:3.3 bpw quantization
11orQ3_K_S:2.75G, +0.5551 ppl @ LLaMA-v1-7B
12orQ3_K_M:3.07G, +0.2496 ppl @ LLaMA-v1-7B
13orQ3_K_L:3.35G, +0.1764 ppl @ LLaMA-v1-7B
25orIQ4_NL:4.50 bpw non-linear quantization
30orIQ4_XS:4.25 bpw non-linear quantization
15orQ4_K : alias for Q4_K_M
14orQ4_K_S:3.59G, +0.0992 ppl @ LLaMA-v1-7B
15orQ4_K_M:3.80G, +0.0532 ppl @ LLaMA-v1-7B
17orQ5_K : alias for Q5_K_M
16orQ5_K_S:4.33G, +0.0400 ppl @ LLaMA-v1-7B
17orQ5_K_M:4.45G, +0.0122 ppl @ LLaMA-v1-7B
18orQ6_K :5.15G, +0.0008 ppl @ LLaMA-v1-7B
7orQ8_0 :6.70G, +0.0004 ppl @ LLaMA-v1-7B
1orF16 : 14.00G, -0.0020 ppl @ Mistral-7B
32orBF16 : 14.00G, -0.0050 ppl @ Mistral-7B
0orF32 : 26.00G @ 7B
COPY : only copy tensors, no quantizing
利用quantize量化模型，它提供各种量化位数的模型：Q2、Q3、Q4、Q5、Q6、Q8、F16。
量化模型的定名方法遵循: Q + 量化比特位 + 变种。量化位数越少，对硬件资源的要求越低，但是模型的精度也越低。
模型经过量化之后，可以发现模型的大小从15G降低到8G，但模型精度从16位浮点数降低到8位整数。
root@master:~/work/llama.cpp# ./quantize ./models/Llama3-FP16.gguf./models/Llama3-q8.gguf q8_0
main: build = 2908 (359cbe3f)
main: built with cc (Ubuntu 11.4.0-1ubuntu1~22.04) 11.4.0 for x86_64-linux-gnu
main: quantizing '/root/work/models/Llama3-FP16.gguf' to '/root/work/models/Llama3-q8.gguf' as Q8_0
llama_model_loader: loaded meta data with 21 key-value pairs and 291 tensors from /root/work/models/Llama3-FP16.gguf (version GGUF V3 (latest))
llama_model_loader: Dumping metadata keys/values. Note: KV overrides do not apply in this output.
llama_model_loader: - kv 0: general.architecture str = llama
llama_model_loader: - kv 1: general.name str = Llama3-Chinese-8B-Instruct
llama_model_loader: - kv 2: llama.vocab_size u32 = 128256
llama_model_loader: - kv 3: llama.context_length u32 = 8192
llama_model_loader: - kv 4: llama.embedding_length u32 = 4096
llama_model_loader: - kv 5: llama.block_count u32 = 32
llama_model_loader: - kv 6: llama.feed_forward_length u32 = 14336
llama_model_loader: - kv 7: llama.rope.dimension_count u32 = 128
llama_model_loader: - kv 8: llama.attention.head_count u32 = 32
llama_model_loader: - kv 9: llama.attention.head_count_kv u32 = 8
llama_model_loader: - kv10: llama.attention.layer_norm_rms_epsilon f32 = 0.000010
llama_model_loader: - kv11: llama.rope.freq_base f32 = 500000.000000
llama_model_loader: - kv12: general.file_type u32 = 1
llama_model_loader: - kv13: tokenizer.ggml.model str = gpt2
llama_model_loader: - kv14: tokenizer.ggml.tokens arr= ["!", "\"", "#", "$", "%", "&", "'", ...
llama_model_loader: - kv15: tokenizer.ggml.scores arr= [0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.0000...
llama_model_loader: - kv16: tokenizer.ggml.token_type arr= [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, ...
llama_model_loader: - kv17: tokenizer.ggml.merges arr= ["Ġ Ġ", "Ġ ĠĠĠ", "ĠĠ ĠĠ", "...
llama_model_loader: - kv18: tokenizer.ggml.bos_token_id u32 = 128000
llama_model_loader: - kv19: tokenizer.ggml.eos_token_id u32 = 128001
llama_model_loader: - kv20: tokenizer.chat_template str = {% set loop_messages = messages %}{% ...
llama_model_loader: - typef32: 65 tensors
llama_model_loader: - typef16:226 tensors
[ 1/ 291] token_embd.weight - [ 4096, 128256, 1, 1], type = f16, converting to q8_0 .. size =1002.00 MiB -> 532.31 MiB
[ 2/ 291] blk.0.attn_norm.weight - [ 4096, 1, 1, 1], type = f32, size = 0.016 MB
[ 3/ 291] blk.0.ffn_down.weight - , type = f16, converting to q8_0 .. size = 112.00 MiB -> 59.50 MiB
[ 4/ 291] blk.0.ffn_gate.weight - [ 4096, 14336, 1, 1], type = f16, converting to q8_0 .. size = 112.00 MiB -> 59.50 MiB
[ 5/ 291] blk.0.ffn_up.weight - [ 4096, 14336, 1, 1], type = f16, converting to q8_0 .. size = 112.00 MiB -> 59.50 MiB
[ 6/ 291] blk.0.ffn_norm.weight - [ 4096, 1, 1, 1], type = f32, size = 0.016 MB
[ 7/ 291] blk.0.attn_k.weight - [ 4096,1024, 1, 1], type = f16, converting to q8_0 .. size = 8.00 MiB -> 4.25 MiB
[ 8/ 291] blk.0.attn_output.weight - [ 4096,4096, 1, 1], type = f16, converting to q8_0 .. size = 32.00 MiB -> 17.00 MiB
[ 9/ 291] blk.0.attn_q.weight - [ 4096,4096, 1, 1], type = f16, converting to q8_0 .. size = 32.00 MiB -> 17.00 MiB
blk.0.attn_v.weight - [ 4096,1024, 1, 1], type = f16, converting to q8_0 .. size = 8.00 MiB -> 4.25 MiB
blk.1.attn_norm.weight - [ 4096, 1, 1, 1], type = f32, size = 0.016 MB
blk.1.ffn_down.weight - , type = f16, converting to q8_0 .. size = 112.00 MiB -> 59.50 MiB
blk.1.ffn_gate.weight - [ 4096, 14336, 1, 1], type = f16, converting to q8_0 .. size = 112.00 MiB -> 59.50 MiB
blk.1.ffn_up.weight - [ 4096, 14336, 1, 1], type = f16, converting to q8_0 .. size = 112.00 MiB -> 59.50 MiB
blk.1.ffn_norm.weight - [ 4096, 1, 1, 1], type = f32, size = 0.016 MB
blk.1.attn_k.weight - [ 4096,1024, 1, 1], type = f16, converting to q8_0 .. size = 8.00 MiB -> 4.25 MiB
blk.1.attn_output.weight - [ 4096,4096, 1, 1], type = f16, converting to q8_0 .. size = 32.00 MiB -> 17.00 MiB
blk.1.attn_q.weight - [ 4096,4096, 1, 1], type = f16, converting to q8_0 .. size = 32.00 MiB -> 17.00 MiB
blk.1.attn_v.weight - [ 4096,1024, 1, 1], type = f16, converting to q8_0 .. size = 8.00 MiB -> 4.25 MiB
root@master:~/work/llama.cpp# ll -h models/
-rw-r--r--1 root root 8.0G May 17 07:54 Llama3-q8.gguf
模型加载与推理
模型加载与推理利用main命令，其支持如下可用参数：
root@master:~/work/llama.cpp# ./main -h
usage: ./main
options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--version show version and build info
-i, --interactive run in interactive mode
--interactive-specials allow special tokens in user text, in interactive mode
--interactive-first run in interactive mode and wait for input right away
-cnv, --conversationrun in conversation mode (does not print special tokens and suffix/prefix)
-ins, --instruct run in instruction mode (use with Alpaca models)
-cml, --chatml run in chatml mode (use with ChatML-compatible models)
--multiline-input allows you to write or paste multiple lines without ending each in '\'
-r PROMPT, --reverse-prompt PROMPT
halt generation at PROMPT, return control in interactive mode
(can be specified more than once for multiple prompts).
--color colorise output to distinguish prompt and user input from generations
-s SEED, --seed SEEDRNG seed (default: -1, use random seed for < 0)
-t N, --threads N number of threads to use during generation (default: 30)
-tb N, --threads-batch N
number of threads to use during batch and prompt processing (default: same as --threads)
-td N, --threads-draft N number of threads to use during generation (default: same as --threads)
-tbd N, --threads-batch-draft N
number of threads to use during batch and prompt processing (default: same as --threads-draft)
-p PROMPT, --prompt PROMPT
prompt to start generation with (default: empty)
可以加载预练习模型大概经过量化之后的模型，这里选择加载量化后的模型举行推理。
在llama.cpp项目标根目次，执行如下命令，加载模型举行推理。
root@master:~/work/llama.cpp# ./main -m models/Llama3-q8.gguf --color -f prompts/alpaca.txt -ins -c 2048 --temp 0.2 -n 256 --repeat_penalty 1.1
Log start
main: build = 2908 (359cbe3f)
main: built with cc (Ubuntu 11.4.0-1ubuntu1~22.04) 11.4.0 for x86_64-linux-gnu
main: seed= 1715935175
llama_model_loader: loaded meta data with 22 key-value pairs and 291 tensors from models/Llama3-q8.gguf (version GGUF V3 (latest))
llama_model_loader: Dumping metadata keys/values. Note: KV overrides do not apply in this output.
llama_model_loader: - kv 0: general.architecture str = llama
llama_model_loader: - kv 1: general.name str = Llama3-Chinese-8B-Instruct
llama_model_loader: - kv 2: llama.vocab_size u32 = 128256
llama_model_loader: - kv 3: llama.context_length u32 = 8192
llama_model_loader: - kv 4: llama.embedding_length u32 = 4096
llama_model_loader: - kv 5: llama.block_count u32 = 32
llama_model_loader: - kv 6: llama.feed_forward_length u32 = 14336
llama_model_loader: - kv 7: llama.rope.dimension_count u32 = 128
== Running in interactive mode. ==
- Press Ctrl+C to interject at any time.
- Press Return to return control to LLaMa.
- To return control without starting a new line, end your input with '/'.
- If you want to submit another line, end your input with '\'.
<|begin_of_text|>Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.
> hi
Hello! How can I help you today?<|eot_id|>
>
在提示符>之后输入prompt，利用ctrl+c中断输出，多行信息以\作为行尾。执行./main -h命令查看帮助和参数说明，以下是一些常用的参数： `
命令形貌-m指定 LLaMA 模型文件的路径-mu指定远程 http url 来下载文件-i以交互模式运行步伐，答应直接提供输入并接收实时响应。-ins以指令模式运行步伐，这在处置惩罚羊驼模型时特殊有用。-f指定prompt模板，alpaca模型请加载prompts/alpaca.txt-n控制回复生成的最大长度（默认：128）-c设置提示上下文的大小，值越大越能参考更长的对话汗青（默认：512）-b控制batch size（默认：8），可得当增加-t控制线程数量（默认：4），可得当增加--repeat_penalty控制生成回复中对重复文本的惩罚力度--temp温度系数，值越低回复的随机性越小，反之越大--top_p, top_k控制解码采样的相干参数--color区分用户输入和生成的文本 模型API服务
llama.cpp提供了完全与OpenAI API兼容的API接口，利用经过编译生成的server可执行文件启动API服务。
root@master:~/work/llama.cpp# ./server -m models/Llama3-q8.gguf --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8000
{"tid":"140018656950080","timestamp":1715936504,"level":"INFO","function":"main","line":2942,"msg":"build info","build":2908,"commit":"359cbe3f"}
{"tid":"140018656950080","timestamp":1715936504,"level":"INFO","function":"main","line":2947,"msg":"system info","n_threads":30,"n_threads_batch":-1,"total_threads":30,"system_info":"AVX = 1 | AVX_VNNI = 0 | AVX2 = 1 | AVX512 = 1 | AVX512_VBMI = 0 | AVX512_VNNI = 0 | FMA = 1 | NEON = 0 | ARM_FMA = 0 | F16C = 1 | FP16_VA = 0 | WASM_SIMD = 0 | BLAS = 0 | SSE3 = 1 | SSSE3 = 1 | VSX = 0 | MATMUL_INT8 = 0 | LLAMAFILE = 1 | "}
llama_model_loader: loaded meta data with 22 key-value pairs and 291 tensors from models/Llama3-q8.gguf (version GGUF V3 (latest))
llama_model_loader: Dumping metadata keys/values. Note: KV overrides do not apply in this output.
llama_model_loader: - kv 0: general.architecture str = llama
llama_model_loader: - kv 1: general.name str = Llama3-Chinese-8B-Instruct
llama_model_loader: - kv 2: llama.vocab_size u32 = 128256
llama_model_loader: - kv 3: llama.context_length u32 = 8192
llama_model_loader: - kv 4: llama.embedding_length u32 = 4096
llama_model_loader: - kv 5: llama.block_count u32 = 32
llama_model_loader: - kv 6: llama.feed_forward_length u32 = 14336
启动API服务后，可以利用curl命令举行测试
curl --request POST \
--url http://localhost:8000/completion \
--header "Content-Type: application/json" \
--data '{"prompt": "Hi"}'
模型API服务(第三方)
在llamm.cpp项目中有提到各种语言编写的第三方工具包，可以利用这些工具包提供API服务，这里以Python为例，利用llama-cpp-python提供API服务。
安装依靠
pip install llama-cpp-python
pip install llama-cpp-python -i https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
注意：可能还需要安装以下缺失依靠，可根据启动时的异常提示分别安装。
pip install sse_starlette starlette_context pydantic_settings
启动API服务，默认运行在http://localhost:8000
python -m llama_cpp.server --model models/Llama3-q8.gguf
安装openai依靠
pip install openai
利用openai调用API服务
import os
from openai import OpenAI# 导入OpenAI库
# 设置OpenAI的BASE_URL
os.environ["OPENAI_BASE_URL"] = "http://localhost:8000/v1"
client = OpenAI()# 创建OpenAI客户端对象
# 调用模型
completion = client.chat.completions.create(
model="llama3", # 任意填
messages=[
{"role": "system", "content": "你是一个乐于助人的助手。"},
{"role": "user", "content": "你好!"}
]
)
# 输出模型回复
print(completion.choices.message)
https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/22ba9fd98ee706733f9b65113842bac8.webp?x-oss-process=image/format,png
GPU推理
如果编译构建了GPU执行环境，可以利用-ngl N或 --n-gpu-layers N参数，指定offload层数，让模型在GPU上运行推理
例如：-ngl 40表现offload 40层模型参数到GPU
未利用-ngl N或 --n-gpu-layers N参数，步伐默认在CPU上运行
root@master:~/work/llama.cpp# ./server -m models/Llama3-FP16.gguf--host 0.0.0.0 --port 8000
可从以下关键启动日志看出，模型并没有在GPU上执行
ggml_cuda_init: GGML_CUDA_FORCE_MMQ: no
ggml_cuda_init: CUDA_USE_TENSOR_CORES: yes
ggml_cuda_init: found 1 CUDA devices:
Device 0: Tesla V100S-PCIE-32GB, compute capability 7.0, VMM: yes
llm_load_tensors: ggml ctx size = 0.15 MiB
llm_load_tensors: offloading 0 repeating layers to GPU
llm_load_tensors: offloaded 0/33 layers to GPU
llm_load_tensors: CPU buffer size =8137.64 MiB
.........................................................................................
llama_new_context_with_model: n_ctx = 2048
llama_new_context_with_model: n_batch = 2048
llama_new_context_with_model: n_ubatch = 512
利用-ngl N或 --n-gpu-layers N参数，步伐默认在GPU上运行
root@master:~/work/llama.cpp# ./server -m models/Llama3-FP16.gguf--host 0.0.0.0 --port 8000
--n-gpu-layers 1000 可从以下关键启动日志看出，模型在GPU上执行
ggml_cuda_init: GGML_CUDA_FORCE_MMQ: no
ggml_cuda_init: CUDA_USE_TENSOR_CORES: yes
ggml_cuda_init: found 1 CUDA devices:
Device 0: Tesla V100S-PCIE-32GB, compute capability 7.0, VMM: yes
llm_load_tensors: ggml ctx size = 0.30 MiB
llm_load_tensors: offloading 32 repeating layers to GPU
llm_load_tensors: offloading non-repeating layers to GPU
llm_load_tensors: offloaded 33/33 layers to GPU
llm_load_tensors: CPU buffer size =1002.00 MiB
llm_load_tensors: CUDA0 buffer size = 14315.02 MiB
.........................................................................................
llama_new_context_with_model: n_ctx = 512
llama_new_context_with_model: n_batch = 512
llama_new_context_with_model: n_ubatch = 512
llama_new_context_with_model: flash_attn = 0
执行nvidia-smi命令，可以���一步验证模型已在GPU上运行。 https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/fca4c9cee892052f3f71fa719d3103c8.webp?x-oss-process=image/format,png
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