rust构建web服务器
单线程服务器src/main.rs
use std::fs;
use std::io::prelude::*;
use std::net::TcpListener;
use std::net::TcpStream;
fn main() {
let listener = TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:7878").unwrap();
for stream in listener.incoming() {
let stream = stream.unwrap();
handle_connection(stream);
}
}
fn handle_connection(mut stream: TcpStream) {
// let mut buffer = ;
// stream.read(&mut buffer).unwrap();
// // String::from_utf8_lossy 将数组切片转成字符串
// println!("Request: {}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&buffer[..]));
let mut buffer = ;
stream.read(&mut buffer).unwrap();
let get = b"GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n"; //获取字符串的字节表示
if buffer.starts_with(get) {
let contents = fs::read_to_string("hello.html").unwrap();
let response = format!(
"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Length: {}\r\n\r\n{}",
contents.len(),
contents
);
stream.write(response.as_bytes()).unwrap();
stream.flush().unwrap();
} else {
// 其他请求
let status_line = "HTTP/1.1 404 NOT FOUND";
let contents = fs::read_to_string("404.html").unwrap();
let response = format!(
"{}\r\nContent-Length: {}\r\n\r\n{}",
status_line,
contents.len(),
contents
);
stream.write(response.as_bytes()).unwrap();
stream.flush().unwrap();
}
}
// HTTP一个请求有如下格式：CRLF 序列也可以写成 \r\n
// Method Request-URI HTTP-Version CRLF
// headers CRLF
// message-body
// 响应:HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n
hello.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Hello!</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello!</h1>
<p>Hi from Rust</p>
</body>
</html>
404.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Hello!</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Oops!</h1>
<p>Sorry, I don't know what you're asking for.</p>
</body>
</html>
重构
use std::fs;
use std::io::prelude::*;
use std::net::TcpListener;
use std::net::TcpStream;
fn main() {
let listener = TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:7878").unwrap();
for stream in listener.incoming() {
let stream = stream.unwrap();
handle_connection(stream);
}
}
fn handle_connection(mut stream: TcpStream) {
let mut buffer = ;
stream.read(&mut buffer).unwrap();
let get = b"GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n";
let (status_line, filename) = if buffer.starts_with(get) {
("HTTP/1.1 200 OK", "hello.html")
} else {
("HTTP/1.1 404 NOT FOUND", "404.html")
};
let contents = fs::read_to_string(filename).unwrap();
let response = format!(
"{}HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Length: {}\r\n\r\n{}",
status_line,
contents.len(),
contents
);
stream.write(response.as_bytes()).unwrap();
stream.flush().unwrap();
}
// HTTP一个请求有如下格式：CRLF 序列也可以写成 \r\n
// Method Request-URI HTTP-Version CRLF
// headers CRLF
// message-body
// 响应:HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n
多线程服务器
https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/554f3b96235f41599db2682dcf254039.png
lib.rs
use std::{
sync::{mpsc, Arc, Mutex},
thread,
};
pub struct ThreadPool {
workers: Vec<Worker>,
sender: mpsc::Sender<Job>,
}
// 持有发送到channal的闭包
// Job是某个特征对象的类型别名
type Job = Box<dyn FnOnce() + Send + 'static>;
impl ThreadPool {
/// 创建线程池。
///
/// 线程池中线程的数量。
///
/// # Panics
///
/// `new` 函数在 size 为 0 时会 panic。
pub fn new(size: usize) -> ThreadPool {
assert!(size > 0);
let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::channel();
//Arc 多线程安全的智能指针
let receiver = Arc::new(Mutex::new(receiver));
let mut workers = Vec::with_capacity(size);
for id in 0..size {
workers.push(Worker::new(id, Arc::clone(&receiver)));
}
ThreadPool { workers, sender }
}
pub fn execute<F>(&self, f: F)
where
F: FnOnce() + Send + 'static,
{
let job = Box::new(f);
self.sender.send(job).unwrap();
}
}
struct Worker {
id: usize,
thread: thread::JoinHandle<()>,
}
impl Worker {
fn new(id: usize, receiver: Arc<Mutex<mpsc::Receiver<Job>>>) -> Worker {
let thread = thread::spawn(move || loop {
// receiver.lock() 获取一个互斥锁,recv()从channel获取一个job
let job = receiver.lock().unwrap().recv().unwrap();
println!("Worker {} got a job; executing.", id);
job();
});
Worker { id, thread }
}
}
main.rs
use std::fs;
use std::io::prelude::*;
use std::net::TcpListener;
use std::net::TcpStream;
use std::thread;
use std::time::Duration;
use server::ThreadPool;
fn main() {
let listener = TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:7878").unwrap();
let pool = ThreadPool::new(4);
for stream in listener.incoming() {
let stream = stream.unwrap();
pool.execute(|| {
handle_connection(stream);
});
}
}
fn handle_connection(mut stream: TcpStream) {
let mut buffer = ;
stream.read(&mut buffer).unwrap();
let get = b"GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n";
let sleep = b"GET /sleep HTTP/1.1\r\n";
let (status_line, filename) = if buffer.starts_with(get) {
("HTTP/1.1 200 OK", "hello.html")
} else if buffer.starts_with(sleep) {
thread::sleep(Duration::from_secs(5));
("HTTP/1.1 200 OK", "hello.html")
} else {
("HTTP/1.1 404 NOT FOUND", "404.html")
};
let contents = fs::read_to_string(filename).unwrap();
let response = format!(
"{}HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Length: {}\r\n\r\n{}",
status_line,
contents.len(),
contents
);
stream.write(response.as_bytes()).unwrap();
stream.flush().unwrap();
}
优雅停机与清算
lib.rs
use std::{
sync::{mpsc, Arc, Mutex},
thread,
};
pub struct ThreadPool {
workers: Vec<Worker>,
sender: mpsc::Sender<Message>,
}
// 持有发送到channal的闭包
// Job是某个特征对象的类型别名
type Job = Box<dyn FnOnce() + Send + 'static>;
// 向线程发送信号使其停止接收任务
enum Message {
NewJob(Job),
Terminate,
}
impl ThreadPool {
/// 创建线程池。
///
/// 线程池中线程的数量。
///
/// # Panics
///
/// `new` 函数在 size 为 0 时会 panic。
pub fn new(size: usize) -> ThreadPool {
assert!(size > 0);
let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::channel();
//Arc 多线程安全的智能指针
let receiver = Arc::new(Mutex::new(receiver));
let mut workers = Vec::with_capacity(size);
for id in 0..size {
workers.push(Worker::new(id, Arc::clone(&receiver)));
}
ThreadPool { workers, sender }
}
pub fn execute<F>(&self, f: F)
where
F: FnOnce() + Send + 'static,
{
let job = Box::new(f);
self.sender.send(Message::NewJob(job)).unwrap();
}
}
// 为 ThreadPool 实现 Drop Trait
impl Drop for ThreadPool {
fn drop(&mut self) {
println!("Sending terminate message to all workers.");
for _ in &mut self.workers {
self.sender.send(Message::Terminate).unwrap();
}
for worker in &mut self.workers {
println!("Shutting down worker {}", worker.id);
if let Some(thread) = worker.thread.take() {
thread.join().unwrap();
}
}
}
}
// 如果 Worker 存放的是 Option<thread::JoinHandle<()>，就可以在 Option 上调用 take 方法将值
//从 Some 成员中移动出来
//而对 None 成员不做处理。换句话说，正在运行的 Worker 的 thread 将是 Some 成员值，
//而当需要清理 worker 时，将 Some 替换为 None，这样 worker 就没有可以运行的线程了
struct Worker {
id: usize,
thread: Option<thread::JoinHandle<()>>,
}
impl Worker {
fn new(id: usize, receiver: Arc<Mutex<mpsc::Receiver<Message>>>) -> Worker {
let thread = thread::spawn(move || loop {
let message = receiver.lock().unwrap().recv().unwrap();
match message {
Message::NewJob(job) => {
println!("Worker {} got a job; executing.", id);
job();
}
Message::Terminate => {
println!("Worker {} was told to terminate.", id);
break;
}
}
});
Worker {
id,
thread: Some(thread),
}
}
}
src/bin/main.rs
use std::{
sync::{mpsc, Arc, Mutex},
thread,
};
pub struct ThreadPool {
workers: Vec<Worker>,
sender: mpsc::Sender<Message>,
}
// 持有发送到channal的闭包
// Job是某个特征对象的类型别名
type Job = Box<dyn FnOnce() + Send + 'static>;
// 向线程发送信号使其停止接收任务
enum Message {
NewJob(Job),
Terminate,
}
impl ThreadPool {
/// 创建线程池。
///
/// 线程池中线程的数量。
///
/// # Panics
///
/// `new` 函数在 size 为 0 时会 panic。
pub fn new(size: usize) -> ThreadPool {
assert!(size > 0);
let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::channel();
//Arc 多线程安全的智能指针
let receiver = Arc::new(Mutex::new(receiver));
let mut workers = Vec::with_capacity(size);
for id in 0..size {
workers.push(Worker::new(id, Arc::clone(&receiver)));
}
ThreadPool { workers, sender }
}
pub fn execute<F>(&self, f: F)
where
F: FnOnce() + Send + 'static,
{
let job = Box::new(f);
self.sender.send(Message::NewJob(job)).unwrap();
}
}
// 为 ThreadPool 实现 Drop Trait
impl Drop for ThreadPool {
fn drop(&mut self) {
println!("Sending terminate message to all workers.");
for _ in &mut self.workers {
self.sender.send(Message::Terminate).unwrap();
}
for worker in &mut self.workers {
println!("Shutting down worker {}", worker.id);
if let Some(thread) = worker.thread.take() {
thread.join().unwrap();
}
}
}
}
// 如果 Worker 存放的是 Option<thread::JoinHandle<()>，就可以在 Option 上调用 take 方法将值
//从 Some 成员中移动出来
//而对 None 成员不做处理。换句话说，正在运行的 Worker 的 thread 将是 Some 成员值，
//而当需要清理 worker 时，将 Some 替换为 None，这样 worker 就没有可以运行的线程了
struct Worker {
id: usize,
thread: Option<thread::JoinHandle<()>>,
}
impl Worker {
fn new(id: usize, receiver: Arc<Mutex<mpsc::Receiver<Message>>>) -> Worker {
let thread = thread::spawn(move || loop {
let message = receiver.lock().unwrap().recv().unwrap();
match message {
Message::NewJob(job) => {
println!("Worker {} got a job; executing.", id);
job();
}
Message::Terminate => {
println!("Worker {} was told to terminate.", id);
break;
}
}
});
Worker {
id,
thread: Some(thread),
}
}
}
参考
[*]第20章～构建单线程服务器
[*]构建单线程 Web 服务器
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