分享一个在 dotnet 里利用 D2D 配合 AOT 开发小而美的应用开发经验 - IT评测·应用市场-qidao123.com

readonly record struct DrawingInfo(System.Numerics.Vector2 Offset, Size Size, D2D.ID2D1SolidColorBrush Brush);

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var ellipseInfoList = new List<DrawingInfo>();
for (int i = 0; i < 3000; i++)
{
// 随意创建颜色
var color = new Color4((byte) Random.Shared.Next(255), (byte) Random.Shared.Next(255), (byte) Random.Shared.Next(255));
D2D.ID2D1SolidColorBrush brush = renderTarget.CreateSolidColorBrush(color);
ellipseInfoList.Add(new DrawingInfo(new System.Numerics.Vector2(Random.Shared.Next(clientSize.Width), Random.Shared.Next(clientSize.Height)), new Size(Random.Shared.Next(10, 100)), brush));
}

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while (true)
{
// 开始绘制逻辑
renderTarget.BeginDraw();
// 清空画布
renderTarget.Clear(new Color4(0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF));
// 在下面绘制漂亮的界面
for (var i = 0; i < ellipseInfoList.Count; i++)
{
var drawingInfo = ellipseInfoList[i];
var vector2 = drawingInfo.Offset;
vector2.X += Random.Shared.Next(200) - 100;
vector2.Y += Random.Shared.Next(200) - 100;
while (vector2.X < 100 || vector2.X > clientSize.Width - 100)
{
vector2.X = Random.Shared.Next(clientSize.Width);
}
while (vector2.Y < 100 || vector2.Y > clientSize.Height - 100)
{
vector2.Y = Random.Shared.Next(clientSize.Height);
}
ellipseInfoList[i] = drawingInfo with { Offset = vector2 };
// 忽略其他代码
}
// 忽略其他代码
}

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// 在下面绘制漂亮的界面
for (var i = 0; i < ellipseInfoList.Count; i++)
{
// 忽略其他代码
renderTarget.FillEllipse(new D2D.Ellipse(vector2, drawingInfo.Size.Width, drawingInfo.Size.Height), drawingInfo.Brush);
}

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<PropertyGroup>
<TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
</PropertyGroup>

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<PropertyGroup>
<TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
</PropertyGroup> CA1416

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<PropertyGroup>
<TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
</PropertyGroup> CA1416 true

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Unhandled Exception: System.MissingMethodException: No parameterless constructor defined for type 'Vortice.DXGI.IDXGIFactory2'.
at System.ActivatorImplementation.CreateInstance(Type, BindingFlags, Binder, Object[], CultureInfo, Object[]) + 0x348
at SharpGen.Runtime.MarshallingHelpers.FromPointer[T](IntPtr) + 0x8c
at Vortice.DXGI.DXGI.CreateDXGIFactory1[T]() + 0x55
at Program.<<Main>$>g__CreateD2D|0_2(Program.<>c__DisplayClass0_0&) + 0x90
at Program.<Main>$(String[] args) + 0x23e
at CedageawhakairnerewhalNaibiferenagifee!<BaseAddress>+0x17a3c0

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Unhandled Exception: System.MissingMethodException: No parameterless constructor defined for type 'Vortice.Direct3D11.ID3D11Device1'.
at System.ActivatorImplementation.CreateInstance(Type, BindingFlags, Binder, Object[], CultureInfo, Object[]) + 0x348
at SharpGen.Runtime.MarshallingHelpers.FromPointer[T](IntPtr) + 0x8c
at SharpGen.Runtime.ComObject.QueryInterface[T]() + 0x64
at Program.<<Main>$>g__CreateD2D|0_2(Program.<>c__DisplayClass0_0&) + 0x1c7
at Program.<Main>$(String[] args) + 0x23e
at CedageawhakairnerewhalNaibiferenagifee!<BaseAddress>+0x335cf0

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<ItemGroup>
<TrimmerRootAssembly Include="Vortice.Win32"/>
<TrimmerRootAssembly Include="Vortice.DXGI"/>
<TrimmerRootAssembly Include="Vortice.Direct3D11"/>
<TrimmerRootAssembly Include="Vortice.Direct2D1"/>
<TrimmerRootAssembly Include="Vortice.D3DCompiler"/>
<TrimmerRootAssembly Include="Vortice.DirectX"/>
<TrimmerRootAssembly Include="Vortice.Mathematics"/>
</ItemGroup>

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Exe net8.0 enable enable true CA1416 <ItemGroup>
<TrimmerRootAssembly Include="Vortice.Win32"/>
<TrimmerRootAssembly Include="Vortice.DXGI"/>
<TrimmerRootAssembly Include="Vortice.Direct3D11"/>
<TrimmerRootAssembly Include="Vortice.Direct2D1"/>
<TrimmerRootAssembly Include="Vortice.D3DCompiler"/>
<TrimmerRootAssembly Include="Vortice.DirectX"/>
<TrimmerRootAssembly Include="Vortice.Mathematics"/>
</ItemGroup>

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using D3D = Vortice.Direct3D;
using D3D11 = Vortice.Direct3D11;
using DXGI = Vortice.DXGI;
using D2D = Vortice.Direct2D1;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using Windows.Win32.Foundation;
using Windows.Win32.UI.WindowsAndMessaging;
using static Windows.Win32.PInvoke;
using static Windows.Win32.UI.WindowsAndMessaging.PEEK_MESSAGE_REMOVE_TYPE;
using static Windows.Win32.UI.WindowsAndMessaging.WNDCLASS_STYLES;
using static Windows.Win32.UI.WindowsAndMessaging.WINDOW_STYLE;
using static Windows.Win32.UI.WindowsAndMessaging.WINDOW_EX_STYLE;
using static Windows.Win32.UI.WindowsAndMessaging.SYSTEM_METRICS_INDEX;
using static Windows.Win32.UI.WindowsAndMessaging.SHOW_WINDOW_CMD;
using Vortice.DCommon;
using Vortice.Mathematics;
using AlphaMode = Vortice.DXGI.AlphaMode;
using System.Diagnostics;
unsafe
{
SizeI clientSize = new SizeI(1000, 1000);
// 窗口标题
var title = "lindexi D2D AOT";
var windowClassName = title;
WINDOW_STYLE style = WS_CAPTION | WS_SYSMENU | WS_MINIMIZEBOX | WS_CLIPSIBLINGS | WS_BORDER | WS_DLGFRAME | WS_THICKFRAME | WS_GROUP | WS_TABSTOP | WS_SIZEBOX;
var rect = new RECT
{
right = clientSize.Width,
bottom = clientSize.Height
};
AdjustWindowRectEx(&rect, style, false, WS_EX_APPWINDOW);
int x = 0;
int y = 0;
int windowWidth = rect.right - rect.left;
int windowHeight = rect.bottom - rect.top;
// 随便，放在屏幕中间好了。多个显示器？忽略
int screenWidth = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN);
int screenHeight = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN);
x = (screenWidth - windowWidth) / 2;
y = (screenHeight - windowHeight) / 2;
var hInstance = GetModuleHandle((string) null);
fixed (char* lpszClassName = windowClassName)
{
PCWSTR szCursorName = new((char*) IDC_ARROW);
var wndClassEx = new WNDCLASSEXW
{
cbSize = (uint) Unsafe.SizeOf<WNDCLASSEXW>(),
style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW | CS_OWNDC,
// 核心逻辑，设置消息循环
lpfnWndProc = new WNDPROC(WndProc),
hInstance = (HINSTANCE) hInstance.DangerousGetHandle(),
hCursor = LoadCursor((HINSTANCE) IntPtr.Zero, szCursorName),
hbrBackground = (Windows.Win32.Graphics.Gdi.HBRUSH) IntPtr.Zero,
hIcon = (HICON) IntPtr.Zero,
lpszClassName = lpszClassName
};
ushort atom = RegisterClassEx(wndClassEx);
if (atom == 0)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException($"Failed to register window class. Error: {Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()}");
}
}
// 创建窗口
var hWnd = CreateWindowEx
(
WS_EX_APPWINDOW,
windowClassName,
title,
style,
x,
y,
windowWidth,
windowHeight,
hWndParent: default,
hMenu: default,
hInstance: default,
lpParam: null
);
// 创建完成，那就显示
ShowWindow(hWnd, SW_NORMAL);
CreateD2D();
// 开个消息循环等待
Windows.Win32.UI.WindowsAndMessaging.MSG msg;
while (true)
{
if (GetMessage(out msg, hWnd, 0, 0) != false)
{
_ = TranslateMessage(&msg);
_ = DispatchMessage(&msg);
if (msg.message is WM_QUIT or WM_CLOSE or 0)
{
return;
}
}
}
void CreateD2D()
{
RECT windowRect;
GetClientRect(hWnd, &windowRect);
clientSize = new SizeI(windowRect.right - windowRect.left, windowRect.bottom - windowRect.top);
// 开始创建工厂创建 D3D 的逻辑
var dxgiFactory2 = DXGI.DXGI.CreateDXGIFactory1<DXGI.IDXGIFactory2>();
var hardwareAdapter = GetHardwareAdapter(dxgiFactory2)
// 这里 ToList 只是想列出所有的 IDXGIAdapter1 方便调试而已。在实际代码里，大部分都是获取第一个
.ToList().FirstOrDefault();
if (hardwareAdapter == null)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException("Cannot detect D3D11 adapter");
}
// 功能等级
// [C# 从零开始写 SharpDx 应用聊聊功能等级](https://blog.lindexi.com/post/C-%E4%BB%8E%E9%9B%B6%E5%BC%80%E5%A7%8B%E5%86%99-SharpDx-%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8-%E8%81%8A%E8%81%8A%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E7%AD%89%E7%BA%A7.html)
D3D.FeatureLevel[] featureLevels = new[]
{
D3D.FeatureLevel.Level_11_1,
D3D.FeatureLevel.Level_11_0,
D3D.FeatureLevel.Level_10_1,
D3D.FeatureLevel.Level_10_0,
D3D.FeatureLevel.Level_9_3,
D3D.FeatureLevel.Level_9_2,
D3D.FeatureLevel.Level_9_1,
};
DXGI.IDXGIAdapter1 adapter = hardwareAdapter;
D3D11.DeviceCreationFlags creationFlags = D3D11.DeviceCreationFlags.BgraSupport;
var result = D3D11.D3D11.D3D11CreateDevice
(
adapter,
D3D.DriverType.Unknown,
creationFlags,
featureLevels,
out D3D11.ID3D11Device d3D11Device, out D3D.FeatureLevel featureLevel,
out D3D11.ID3D11DeviceContext d3D11DeviceContext
);
if (result.Failure)
{
// 如果失败了，那就不指定显卡，走 WARP 的方式
// http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=286690
result = D3D11.D3D11.D3D11CreateDevice(
IntPtr.Zero,
D3D.DriverType.Warp,
creationFlags,
featureLevels,
out d3D11Device, out featureLevel, out d3D11DeviceContext);
// 如果失败，就不能继续
result.CheckError();
}
// 大部分情况下，用的是 ID3D11Device1 和 ID3D11DeviceContext1 类型
// 从 ID3D11Device 转换为 ID3D11Device1 类型
var d3D11Device1 = d3D11Device.QueryInterface<D3D11.ID3D11Device1>();
var d3D11DeviceContext1 = d3D11DeviceContext.QueryInterface<D3D11.ID3D11DeviceContext1>();
// 转换完成，可以减少对 ID3D11Device1 的引用计数
// 调用 Dispose 不会释放掉刚才申请的 D3D 资源，只是减少引用计数
d3D11Device.Dispose();
d3D11DeviceContext.Dispose();
// 创建设备，接下来就是关联窗口和交换链
DXGI.Format colorFormat = DXGI.Format.B8G8R8A8_UNorm;
const int FrameCount = 2;
DXGI.SwapChainDescription1 swapChainDescription = new()
{
Width = clientSize.Width,
Height = clientSize.Height,
Format = colorFormat,
BufferCount = FrameCount,
BufferUsage = DXGI.Usage.RenderTargetOutput,
SampleDescription = DXGI.SampleDescription.Default,
Scaling = DXGI.Scaling.Stretch,
SwapEffect = DXGI.SwapEffect.FlipDiscard,
AlphaMode = AlphaMode.Ignore,
};
// 设置是否全屏
DXGI.SwapChainFullscreenDescription fullscreenDescription = new DXGI.SwapChainFullscreenDescription
{
Windowed = true
};
// 给创建出来的窗口挂上交换链
DXGI.IDXGISwapChain1 swapChain =
dxgiFactory2.CreateSwapChainForHwnd(d3D11Device1, hWnd, swapChainDescription, fullscreenDescription);
// 不要被按下 alt+enter 进入全屏
dxgiFactory2.MakeWindowAssociation(hWnd, DXGI.WindowAssociationFlags.IgnoreAltEnter);
D3D11.ID3D11Texture2D backBufferTexture = swapChain.GetBuffer<D3D11.ID3D11Texture2D>(0);
// 获取到 dxgi 的平面，这个平面就约等于窗口渲染内容
DXGI.IDXGISurface dxgiSurface = backBufferTexture.QueryInterface<DXGI.IDXGISurface>();
// 对接 D2D 需要创建工厂
D2D.ID2D1Factory1 d2DFactory = D2D.D2D1.D2D1CreateFactory<D2D.ID2D1Factory1>();
// 方法1：
//var renderTargetProperties = new D2D.RenderTargetProperties(PixelFormat.Premultiplied);
//// 在窗口的 dxgi 的平面上创建 D2D 的画布，如此即可让 D2D 绘制到窗口上
//D2D.ID2D1RenderTarget d2D1RenderTarget =
// d2DFactory.CreateDxgiSurfaceRenderTarget(dxgiSurface, renderTargetProperties);
//var renderTarget = d2D1RenderTarget;
// 方法2：
// 创建 D2D 设备，通过设置 ID2D1DeviceContext 的 Target 输出为 dxgiSurface 从而让 ID2D1DeviceContext 渲染内容渲染到窗口上
// 如 https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/direct2d/images/devicecontextdiagram.png 图
// 获取 DXGI 设备，用来创建 D2D 设备
DXGI.IDXGIDevice dxgiDevice = d3D11Device1.QueryInterface<DXGI.IDXGIDevice>();
D2D.ID2D1Device d2dDevice = d2DFactory.CreateDevice(dxgiDevice);
D2D.ID2D1DeviceContext d2dDeviceContext = d2dDevice.CreateDeviceContext();
D2D.ID2D1Bitmap1 d2dBitmap = d2dDeviceContext.CreateBitmapFromDxgiSurface(dxgiSurface);
d2dDeviceContext.Target = d2dBitmap;
var renderTarget = d2dDeviceContext;
// 开启后台渲染线程，无限刷新
var stopwatch = Stopwatch.StartNew();
var count = 0;
Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
{
var ellipseInfoList = new List<DrawingInfo>();
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
{
// 随意创建颜色
var color = new Color4((byte) Random.Shared.Next(255), (byte) Random.Shared.Next(255), (byte) Random.Shared.Next(255));
D2D.ID2D1SolidColorBrush brush = renderTarget.CreateSolidColorBrush(color);
ellipseInfoList.Add(new DrawingInfo(new System.Numerics.Vector2(Random.Shared.Next(clientSize.Width), Random.Shared.Next(clientSize.Height)), new Size(Random.Shared.Next(10, 100)), brush));
}
while (true)
{
// 开始绘制逻辑
renderTarget.BeginDraw();
// 清空画布
renderTarget.Clear(new Color4(0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF));
// 在下面绘制漂亮的界面
for (var i = 0; i < ellipseInfoList.Count; i++)
{
var drawingInfo = ellipseInfoList[i];
var vector2 = drawingInfo.Offset;
vector2.X += Random.Shared.Next(200) - 100;
vector2.Y += Random.Shared.Next(200) - 100;
while (vector2.X < 100 || vector2.X > clientSize.Width - 100)
{
vector2.X = Random.Shared.Next(clientSize.Width);
}
while (vector2.Y < 100 || vector2.Y > clientSize.Height - 100)
{
vector2.Y = Random.Shared.Next(clientSize.Height);
}
ellipseInfoList[i] = drawingInfo with { Offset = vector2 };
renderTarget.FillEllipse(new D2D.Ellipse(vector2, drawingInfo.Size.Width, drawingInfo.Size.Height), drawingInfo.Brush);
}
renderTarget.EndDraw();
swapChain.Present(1, DXGI.PresentFlags.None);
// 等待刷新
d3D11DeviceContext1.Flush();
// 统计刷新率
count++;
if (stopwatch.Elapsed >= TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1))
{
Console.WriteLine($"FPS: {count / stopwatch.Elapsed.TotalSeconds}");
stopwatch.Restart();
count = 0;
}
}
}, TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning);
}
}
static IEnumerable<DXGI.IDXGIAdapter1> GetHardwareAdapter(DXGI.IDXGIFactory2 factory)
{
DXGI.IDXGIFactory6? factory6 = factory.QueryInterfaceOrNull<DXGI.IDXGIFactory6>();
if (factory6 != null)
{
// 先告诉系统，要高性能的显卡
for (int adapterIndex = 0;
factory6.EnumAdapterByGpuPreference(adapterIndex, DXGI.GpuPreference.HighPerformance,
out DXGI.IDXGIAdapter1? adapter).Success;
adapterIndex++)
{
if (adapter == null)
{
continue;
}
DXGI.AdapterDescription1 desc = adapter.Description1;
if ((desc.Flags & DXGI.AdapterFlags.Software) != DXGI.AdapterFlags.None)
{
// Don't select the Basic Render Driver adapter.
adapter.Dispose();
continue;
}
//factory6.Dispose();
Console.WriteLine($"枚举到 {adapter.Description1.Description} 显卡");
yield return adapter;
}
factory6.Dispose();
}
// 如果枚举不到，那系统返回啥都可以
for (int adapterIndex = 0;
factory.EnumAdapters1(adapterIndex, out DXGI.IDXGIAdapter1? adapter).Success;
adapterIndex++)
{
DXGI.AdapterDescription1 desc = adapter.Description1;
if ((desc.Flags & DXGI.AdapterFlags.Software) != DXGI.AdapterFlags.None)
{
// Don't select the Basic Render Driver adapter.
adapter.Dispose();
continue;
}
Console.WriteLine($"枚举到 {adapter.Description1.Description} 显卡");
yield return adapter;
}
}
static LRESULT WndProc(HWND hWnd, uint message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
readonly record struct DrawingInfo(System.Numerics.Vector2 Offset, Size Size, D2D.ID2D1SolidColorBrush Brush);

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git init
git remote add origin https://gitee.com/lindexi/lindexi_gd.git
git pull origin 66f9fe05baba8ad30495069aebd447b160484215

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git remote remove origin
git remote add origin https://github.com/lindexi/lindexi_gd.git
git pull origin 66f9fe05baba8ad30495069aebd447b160484215

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