学懂C++（四十一）：网络编程——深入详解 C++ 网络编程之 WebSocket 应用 - ToB企服应用市场:ToB评测及商务社交产业平台

GET /chat HTTP/1.1
Host: server.example.com
Upgrade: websocket
Connection: Upgrade
Sec-WebSocket-Key: dGhlIHNhbXBsZSBub25jZQ==
Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13

复制代码

HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols
Upgrade: websocket
Connection: Upgrade
Sec-WebSocket-Accept: s3pPLMBiTxaQ9kYGzzhZRbK+xOo=

复制代码

sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install libboost-all-dev

复制代码

vcpkg install boost-asio boost-beast

复制代码

#include <boost/beast/core.hpp>
#include <boost/beast/websocket.hpp>
#include <boost/asio/ip/tcp.hpp>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include <thread>
namespace beast = boost::beast; // from <boost/beast.hpp>
namespace http = beast::http; // from <boost/beast/http.hpp>
namespace websocket = beast::websocket; // from <boost/beast/websocket.hpp>
namespace net = boost::asio; // from <boost/asio.hpp>
using tcp = net::ip::tcp; // from <boost/asio/ip/tcp.hpp>
// 会话类
class session : public std::enable_shared_from_this<session> {
websocket::stream<beast::tcp_stream> ws_;
beast::flat_buffer buffer_;
public:
explicit session(tcp::socket socket)
: ws_(std::move(socket)) {}
// 启动异步操作
void run() {
// 执行 WebSocket 握手
ws_.async_accept(beast::bind_front_handler(&session::on_accept, shared_from_this()));
}
private:
// WebSocket 握手的回调函数
void on_accept(beast::error_code ec) {
if (ec) {
std::cerr << "accept: " << ec.message() << std::endl;
return;
}
// 读取消息
do_read();
}
// 读取消息
void do_read() {
ws_.async_read(buffer_, beast::bind_front_handler(&session::on_read, shared_from_this()));
}
// 读取消息后的回调函数
void on_read(beast::error_code ec, std::size_t bytes_transferred) {
if (ec == websocket::error::closed) {
return;
}
if (ec) {
std::cerr << "read: " << ec.message() << std::endl;
return;
}
std::cout << "Received: " << beast::make_printable(buffer_.data()) << std::endl;
buffer_.consume(buffer_.size()); // 清空缓冲区
// 回应消息
ws_.text(ws_.got_text());
ws_.async_write(boost::asio::buffer("Echo: Hello from server"), beast::bind_front_handler(&session::on_write, shared_from_this()));
}
// 写消息后的回调函数
void on_write(beast::error_code ec, std::size_t bytes_transferred) {
if (ec) {
std::cerr << "write: " << ec.message() << std::endl;
return;
}
// 继续读取消息
do_read();
}
};
// 监听器类
class listener : public std::enable_shared_from_this<listener> {
net::io_context& ioc_;
tcp::acceptor acceptor_;
public:
listener(net::io_context& ioc, tcp::endpoint endpoint)
: ioc_(ioc), acceptor_(net::make_strand(ioc)) {
beast::error_code ec;
// 打开接收器
acceptor_.open(endpoint.protocol(), ec);
if (ec) {
std::cerr << "open: " << ec.message() << std::endl;
return;
}
// 绑定到端点
acceptor_.bind(endpoint, ec);
if (ec) {
std::cerr << "bind: " << ec.message() << std::endl;
return;
}
// 开始监听
acceptor_.listen(net::socket_base::max_listen_connections, ec);
if (ec) {
std::cerr << "listen: " << ec.message() << std::endl;
return;
}
}
// 启动异步接受操作
void run() {
do_accept();
}
private:
// 异步接受操作
void do_accept() {
acceptor_.async_accept(net::make_strand(ioc_), beast::bind_front_handler(&listener::on_accept, shared_from_this()));
}
// 接受连接后的回调函数
void on_accept(beast::error_code ec, tcp::socket socket) {
if (ec) {
std::cerr << "accept: " << ec.message() << std::endl;
} else {
// 创建 WebSocket 会话
std::make_shared<session>(std::move(socket))->run();
}
// 继续接受连接
do_accept();
}
};
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
try {
if (argc != 2) {
std::cerr << "Usage: websocket-server <port>\n";
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
// 解析命令行参数
auto const port = static_cast<unsigned short>(std::atoi(argv[1]));
// 创建 io_context
net::io_context ioc{1};
// 创建并启动监听器
std::make_shared<listener>(ioc, tcp::endpoint{tcp::v4(), port})->run();
// 运行 io_context
ioc.run();
} catch (const std::exception& e) {
std::cerr << "Error: " << e.what() << std::endl;
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

复制代码

# 编译服务器代码
g++ -o websocket-server websocket_server.cpp -lboost_system -lboost_thread -lssl -lcrypto -lboost_beast
# 运行服务器
./websocket-server 8080

复制代码

# 编译服务器代码
g++ -o websocket-server websocket_server.cpp -lboost_system -lws2_32 -lssl -lcrypto
# 运行服务器
./websocket-server 8080

复制代码

#include <boost/beast/core.hpp>
#include <boost/beast/websocket.hpp>
#include <boost/asio/ip/tcp.hpp>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
namespace beast = boost::beast; // from <boost/beast.hpp>
namespace websocket = beast::websocket; // from <boost/beast/websocket.hpp>
namespace net = boost::asio; // from <boost/asio.hpp>
using tcp = net::ip::tcp; // from <boost/asio/ip/tcp.hpp>
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
try {
if (argc != 3) {
std::cerr << "Usage: websocket-client <host> <port>\n";
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
auto const host = argv[1];
auto const port = argv[2];
// 创建 io_context
net::io_context ioc;
// 解析地址
tcp::resolver resolver(ioc);
auto const results = resolver.resolve(host, port);
// 创建 WebSocket 流
websocket::stream<tcp::socket> ws{ioc};
// 连接到服务器
net::connect(ws.next_layer(), results.begin(), results.end());
// 执行 WebSocket 握手
ws.handshake(host, "/");
// 发送消息
ws.write(net::buffer(std::string("Hello from client")));
// 读取响应
beast::flat_buffer buffer;
ws.read(buffer);
std::cout << "Received: " << beast::make_printable(buffer.data()) << std::endl;
// 关闭 WebSocket 连接
ws.close(websocket::close_code::normal);
} catch (const std::exception& e) {
std::cerr << "Error: " << e.what() << std::endl;
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

复制代码

# 编译客户端代码
g++ -o websocket-client websocket_client.cpp -lboost_system -lboost_thread -lssl -lcrypto -lboost_beast
# 运行客户端
./websocket-client localhost 8080

复制代码

# 编译客户端代码
g++ -o websocket-client websocket_client.cpp -lboost_system -lws2_32 -lssl -lcrypto
# 运行客户端
./websocket-client localhost 8080

复制代码

Received: Echo: Hello from server

复制代码