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标题: ansible playbook架构介绍 [打印本页]

作者: 铁佛    时间: 2024-10-31 03:45
标题: ansible playbook架构介绍






ansible playbook架构介绍
Ansible Playbook 是 Ansible 的焦点功能之一,它允许你以 YAML 格式编写自动化任务的聚集。通过 Playbook,你可以定义复杂的 IT 自动化流程,包括配置管理、应用部署、体系更新等。以下是对 Ansible Playbook 技能的具体解释。


一. 基本结构
一个典范的 Ansible Playbook 文件通常包含以下几个部门:



二. 示例 Playbook
以下是一个简单的 Playbook 示例,用于安装和配置 Nginx 服务器:
Plain TextJavaScriptPythonJavaGoRubyTypeScriptHTMLCSSC/C++PHPC#ScalaShellDartRustKotlinSwiftPowerShellGroovy-ABAPActionScriptAdaAppleScriptArduinoASP.NET (C#)AtomAutoHotkeyAutoItBashBASICBatchClojureCoffeeScriptDDiffDockerEditorConfigElixirElmERBErlangF#FortranGraphQLHaskellHaxeJSONJuliaWeb App ManifestLaTeXTeX ConTeXtLessLispLiveScriptLuaMakefileMarkdownMarkup templatingMathematicaMathMLMATLABNASMnginxObjective-COCamlObject PascalPascalPerlPL/SQLPrologPuppetPureScriptQMLRRacketReact JSXReact TSXReasonreStructuredTextRSSSass (Sass)Sass (Scss)SmalltalkSplunk SPLSQLSSMLSVGTclTextileTypoScriptValaVB.NetVerilogVHDLvimVBAVisual BasicWiki markupYAMLXQueryXML
---
- name: Install and configure Nginx
  hosts: webservers
  become: yes
  vars:
   nginx_port: 8080
  tasks:
   - name: Install Nginx
     apt:
       name: nginx
       state: present
       update_cache: yes  
    - name: Ensure Nginx is running
     service:
       name: nginx
       state: started
       enabled: yes  
    - name: Copy Nginx configuration file
     copy:
       src: files/nginx.conf
       dest: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
       owner: root
       group: root
       mode: '0644'
     notify: restart nginx  
  handlers:
   - name: restart nginx
     service:
       name: nginx
       state: restarted




三. 具体解释



3.1 Play



3.2 Tasks



3.3 Handlers



3.4 Variables



四. 高级特性


4.1 Roles
Roles 是一种组织 Playbook 的方式,可以将相关的任务、文件、模板等打包在一起,便于重用和维护。
•目次结构:
Plain TextJavaScriptPythonJavaGoRubyTypeScriptHTMLCSSC/C++PHPC#ScalaShellDartRustKotlinSwiftPowerShellGroovy-ABAPActionScriptAdaAppleScriptArduinoASP.NET (C#)AtomAutoHotkeyAutoItBashBASICBatchClojureCoffeeScriptDDiffDockerEditorConfigElixirElmERBErlangF#FortranGraphQLHaskellHaxeJSONJuliaWeb App ManifestLaTeXTeX ConTeXtLessLispLiveScriptLuaMakefileMarkdownMarkup templatingMathematicaMathMLMATLABNASMnginxObjective-COCamlObject PascalPascalPerlPL/SQLPrologPuppetPureScriptQMLRRacketReact JSXReact TSXReasonreStructuredTextRSSSass (Sass)Sass (Scss)SmalltalkSplunk SPLSQLSSMLSVGTclTextileTypoScriptValaVB.NetVerilogVHDLvimVBAVisual BasicWiki markupYAMLXQueryXML
roles/
├── nginx
│ ├── tasks
│ │ └── main.yml
│ ├── handlers
│ │ └── main.yml
│ ├── templates
│ │ └── nginx.conf.j2
│ ├── files
│ │ └── index.html
│ ├── defaults
│ │ └── main.yml
│ ├── vars
│ │ └── main.yml
│ ├── meta
│ │ └── main.yml

•示例 Playbook:
Plain TextJavaScriptPythonJavaGoRubyTypeScriptHTMLCSSC/C++PHPC#ScalaShellDartRustKotlinSwiftPowerShellGroovy-ABAPActionScriptAdaAppleScriptArduinoASP.NET (C#)AtomAutoHotkeyAutoItBashBASICBatchClojureCoffeeScriptDDiffDockerEditorConfigElixirElmERBErlangF#FortranGraphQLHaskellHaxeJSONJuliaWeb App ManifestLaTeXTeX ConTeXtLessLispLiveScriptLuaMakefileMarkdownMarkup templatingMathematicaMathMLMATLABNASMnginxObjective-COCamlObject PascalPascalPerlPL/SQLPrologPuppetPureScriptQMLRRacketReact JSXReact TSXReasonreStructuredTextRSSSass (Sass)Sass (Scss)SmalltalkSplunk SPLSQLSSMLSVGTclTextileTypoScriptValaVB.NetVerilogVHDLvimVBAVisual BasicWiki markupYAMLXQueryXML
---
- name: Deploy Nginx using role
  hosts: webservers
  become: yes
  roles:
   - nginx



4.2 Loops
Loops 允许你在同一个任务中多次实行类似的动作,但每次利用不同的参数。
•示例:
Plain TextJavaScriptPythonJavaGoRubyTypeScriptHTMLCSSC/C++PHPC#ScalaShellDartRustKotlinSwiftPowerShellGroovy-ABAPActionScriptAdaAppleScriptArduinoASP.NET (C#)AtomAutoHotkeyAutoItBashBASICBatchClojureCoffeeScriptDDiffDockerEditorConfigElixirElmERBErlangF#FortranGraphQLHaskellHaxeJSONJuliaWeb App ManifestLaTeXTeX ConTeXtLessLispLiveScriptLuaMakefileMarkdownMarkup templatingMathematicaMathMLMATLABNASMnginxObjective-COCamlObject PascalPascalPerlPL/SQLPrologPuppetPureScriptQMLRRacketReact JSXReact TSXReasonreStructuredTextRSSSass (Sass)Sass (Scss)SmalltalkSplunk SPLSQLSSMLSVGTclTextileTypoScriptValaVB.NetVerilogVHDLvimVBAVisual BasicWiki markupYAMLXQueryXML
 - name: Create multiple users
  user:
   name: "{{ item }}"
   state: present
  loop:
   - alice
   - bob
   - charlie



4.3 Conditionals
Conditionals 允许你根据条件决定是否实行某个任务。
•示例: 
Plain TextJavaScriptPythonJavaGoRubyTypeScriptHTMLCSSC/C++PHPC#ScalaShellDartRustKotlinSwiftPowerShellGroovy-ABAPActionScriptAdaAppleScriptArduinoASP.NET (C#)AtomAutoHotkeyAutoItBashBASICBatchClojureCoffeeScriptDDiffDockerEditorConfigElixirElmERBErlangF#FortranGraphQLHaskellHaxeJSONJuliaWeb App ManifestLaTeXTeX ConTeXtLessLispLiveScriptLuaMakefileMarkdownMarkup templatingMathematicaMathMLMATLABNASMnginxObjective-COCamlObject PascalPascalPerlPL/SQLPrologPuppetPureScriptQMLRRacketReact JSXReact TSXReasonreStructuredTextRSSSass (Sass)Sass (Scss)SmalltalkSplunk SPLSQLSSMLSVGTclTextileTypoScriptValaVB.NetVerilogVHDLvimVBAVisual BasicWiki markupYAMLXQueryXML
- name: Install package if not installed
  apt:
   name: nginx
   state: present
  when: ansible_os_family == 'Debian'



4.4 Templates
Templates 允许你利用 Jinja2 模板引擎生成配置文件。
•示例:
Plain TextJavaScriptPythonJavaGoRubyTypeScriptHTMLCSSC/C++PHPC#ScalaShellDartRustKotlinSwiftPowerShellGroovy-ABAPActionScriptAdaAppleScriptArduinoASP.NET (C#)AtomAutoHotkeyAutoItBashBASICBatchClojureCoffeeScriptDDiffDockerEditorConfigElixirElmERBErlangF#FortranGraphQLHaskellHaxeJSONJuliaWeb App ManifestLaTeXTeX ConTeXtLessLispLiveScriptLuaMakefileMarkdownMarkup templatingMathematicaMathMLMATLABNASMnginxObjective-COCamlObject PascalPascalPerlPL/SQLPrologPuppetPureScriptQMLRRacketReact JSXReact TSXReasonreStructuredTextRSSSass (Sass)Sass (Scss)SmalltalkSplunk SPLSQLSSMLSVGTclTextileTypoScriptValaVB.NetVerilogVHDLvimVBAVisual BasicWiki markupYAMLXQueryXML
- name: Configure Nginx
  template:
   src: templates/nginx.conf.j2
   dest: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

模板文件 (templates/nginx.conf.j2):
Plain TextJavaScriptPythonJavaGoRubyTypeScriptHTMLCSSC/C++PHPC#ScalaShellDartRustKotlinSwiftPowerShellGroovy-ABAPActionScriptAdaAppleScriptArduinoASP.NET (C#)AtomAutoHotkeyAutoItBashBASICBatchClojureCoffeeScriptDDiffDockerEditorConfigElixirElmERBErlangF#FortranGraphQLHaskellHaxeJSONJuliaWeb App ManifestLaTeXTeX ConTeXtLessLispLiveScriptLuaMakefileMarkdownMarkup templatingMathematicaMathMLMATLABNASMnginxObjective-COCamlObject PascalPascalPerlPL/SQLPrologPuppetPureScriptQMLRRacketReact JSXReact TSXReasonreStructuredTextRSSSass (Sass)Sass (Scss)SmalltalkSplunk SPLSQLSSMLSVGTclTextileTypoScriptValaVB.NetVerilogVHDLvimVBAVisual BasicWiki markupYAMLXQueryXML
worker_processes {{ ansible_processor_vcpus }};
events {
   worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
   server {
       listen 80;
       server_name localhost;  
        location / {
           root /usr/share/nginx/html;
           index index.html index.htm;
       }
   }
}



五. 实行 Playbook
•基本命令:
ansible-playbook playbook.yml
•指定 Inventory 文件:
ansible-playbook -i inventory_file playbook.yml
•通报变量:
ansible-playbook -e "nginx_port=8080" playbook.yml
•检查模式:
ansible-playbook --check playbook.yml
•调试输出:
ansible-playbook -vvv playbook.yml



六. 最佳实践



七. 总结
Ansible Playbook 是一个强大的工具,用于自动化 IT 流程。通过理解其基本结构和高级特性,你可以编写高效且易于维护的自动化脚本。结合最佳实践,可以进一步进步 Playbook 的质量和安全性。盼望这篇详解对你理解和利用 Ansible Playbook 有所帮助!

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