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标题: 【UWP】让 UWP 自己托管自己 —— Windows App SDK 篇 [打印本页]
作者: 锦通    时间: 2024-11-3 19:58
标题: 【UWP】让 UWP 自己托管自己 —— Windows App SDK 篇
众所周知，UWP 使用的窗口模子是 CoreWindow，但是 UWP 本身只是一个应用模子，所以完全可以创建 win32 窗口，那么我们可以不可以创建一个 win32 窗口，然后像 XAML 岛 (XAML Islands) 一样把 XAML 托管上去呢？本篇将讲述如何使用 WAS (Windows App SDK，俗称 WinUI3) 在 UWP 创建一个 XAML 岛窗口。

演示视频：https://x.com/wherewhere7/status/1721570411388039587
由于 WAS 在 win32 应用模子下本身就是个 XAML 岛，所以 WAS 对 XAML 岛的支持要比 WUXC (Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls) 要很多多少了，接下来的内容大多是将 WAS 中实现窗口的方法迁徙到 C#。
首先，不管是 WUXC 还是 WAS 的 XAML 岛都会判断当前的应用模子是否为ClassicDesktop，所以我们需要使用Detours劫持AppPolicyGetWindowingModel方法。具体内容如下：
  1. #r "nuget:Detours.Win32Metadata"
  2. #r "nuget:Microsoft.Windows.CsWin32"
  4. using System;
  5. using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
  6. using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
  7. using Windows.Win32;
  8. using Windows.Win32.Foundation;
  9. using Windows.Win32.Storage.Packaging.Appx;
  10. using Detours = Microsoft.Detours.PInvoke;
  12. /// <summary>
  13. /// Represents a hook for the <see cref="PInvoke.AppPolicyGetWindowingModel(HANDLE, AppPolicyWindowingModel*)"/> function.
  14. /// </summary>
  15. public sealed partial class HookWindowingModel : IDisposable
  16. {
  17.     /// <summary>
  18.     /// The value that indicates whether the class has been disposed.
  19.     /// </summary>
  20.     private bool disposed;
  22.     /// <summary>
  23.     /// The reference count for the hook.
  24.     /// </summary>
  25.     private static int refCount;
  27.     /// <summary>
  28.     /// The value that represents the current process token.
  29.     /// </summary>
  30.     private const int currentProcessToken = -6;
  32.     /// <remarks>The original <see cref="PInvoke.AppPolicyGetWindowingModel(HANDLE, AppPolicyWindowingModel*)"/> function.</remarks>
  33.     /// <inheritdoc cref="PInvoke.AppPolicyGetWindowingModel(HANDLE, AppPolicyWindowingModel*)"/>
  34.     private static unsafe delegate* unmanaged[Stdcall]<HANDLE, AppPolicyWindowingModel*, WIN32_ERROR> AppPolicyGetWindowingModel;
  36.     /// <summary>
  37.     /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="HookWindowingModel"/> class.
  38.     /// </summary>
  39.     public HookWindowingModel()
  40.     {
  41.         refCount++;
  42.         StartHook();
  43.     }
  45.     /// <summary>
  46.     /// Finalizes this instance of the <see cref="HookWindowingModel"/> class.
  47.     /// </summary>
  48.     ~HookWindowingModel()
  49.     {
  50.         Dispose();
  51.     }
  53.     /// <summary>
  54.     /// Gets the value that indicates whether the hook is active.
  55.     /// </summary>
  56.     public static bool IsHooked { get; private set; }
  58.     /// <summary>
  59.     /// Gets or sets the windowing model to use when the hooked <see cref="PInvoke.AppPolicyGetWindowingModel(HANDLE, AppPolicyWindowingModel*)"/> function is called.
  60.     /// </summary>
  61.     internal static AppPolicyWindowingModel WindowingModel { get; set; } = AppPolicyWindowingModel.AppPolicyWindowingModel_ClassicDesktop;
  63.     /// <summary>
  64.     /// Starts the hook for the <see cref="PInvoke.AppPolicyGetWindowingModel(HANDLE, AppPolicyWindowingModel*)"/> function.
  65.     /// </summary>
  66.     private static unsafe void StartHook()
  67.     {
  68.         if (!IsHooked)
  69.         {
  70.             using FreeLibrarySafeHandle library = PInvoke.GetModuleHandle("KERNEL32.dll");
  71.             if (!library.IsInvalid && NativeLibrary.TryGetExport(library.DangerousGetHandle(), nameof(PInvoke.AppPolicyGetWindowingModel), out nint appPolicyGetWindowingModel))
  72.             {
  73.                 void* appPolicyGetWindowingModelPtr = (void*)appPolicyGetWindowingModel;
  74.                 delegate* unmanaged[Stdcall]<HANDLE, AppPolicyWindowingModel*, WIN32_ERROR> overrideAppPolicyGetWindowingModel = &OverrideAppPolicyGetWindowingModel;
  76.                 _ = Detours.DetourRestoreAfterWith();
  78.                 _ = Detours.DetourTransactionBegin();
  79.                 _ = Detours.DetourUpdateThread(PInvoke.GetCurrentThread());
  80.                 _ = Detours.DetourAttach(ref appPolicyGetWindowingModelPtr, overrideAppPolicyGetWindowingModel);
  81.                 _ = Detours.DetourTransactionCommit();
  83.                 AppPolicyGetWindowingModel = (delegate* unmanaged[Stdcall]<HANDLE, AppPolicyWindowingModel*, WIN32_ERROR>)appPolicyGetWindowingModelPtr;
  84.                 IsHooked = true;
  85.             }
  86.         }
  87.     }
  89.     /// <summary>
  90.     /// Ends the hook for the <see cref="PInvoke.AppPolicyGetWindowingModel(HANDLE, AppPolicyWindowingModel*)"/> function.
  91.     /// </summary>
  92.     private static unsafe void EndHook()
  93.     {
  94.         if (--refCount == 0 && IsHooked)
  95.         {
  96.             void* appPolicyGetWindowingModelPtr = AppPolicyGetWindowingModel;
  97.             delegate* unmanaged[Stdcall]<HANDLE, AppPolicyWindowingModel*, WIN32_ERROR> overrideAppPolicyGetWindowingModel = &OverrideAppPolicyGetWindowingModel;
  99.             _ = Detours.DetourTransactionBegin();
  100.             _ = Detours.DetourUpdateThread(PInvoke.GetCurrentThread());
  101.             _ = Detours.DetourDetach(&appPolicyGetWindowingModelPtr, overrideAppPolicyGetWindowingModel);
  102.             _ = Detours.DetourTransactionCommit();
  104.             AppPolicyGetWindowingModel = null;
  105.             IsHooked = false;
  106.         }
  107.     }
  109.     /// <param name="policy">A pointer to a variable of the <a target="_blank" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/win32/api/appmodel/ne-appmodel-apppolicywindowingmodel">AppPolicyWindowingModel</a> enumerated type.
  110.     /// When the function returns successfully, the variable contains the <see cref="WindowingModel"/> when the identified process is current; otherwise, the windowing model of the identified process.</param>
  111.     /// <remarks>The overridden <see cref="PInvoke.AppPolicyGetWindowingModel(HANDLE, AppPolicyWindowingModel*)"/> function.</remarks>
  112.     /// <inheritdoc cref="PInvoke.AppPolicyGetWindowingModel(HANDLE, AppPolicyWindowingModel*)"/>
  113.     [UnmanagedCallersOnly(CallConvs = [typeof(CallConvStdcall)])]
  114.     private static unsafe WIN32_ERROR OverrideAppPolicyGetWindowingModel(HANDLE processToken, AppPolicyWindowingModel* policy)
  115.     {
  116.         if ((int)processToken.Value == currentProcessToken)
  117.         {
  118.             *policy = WindowingModel;
  119.             return WIN32_ERROR.ERROR_SUCCESS;
  120.         }
  121.         return AppPolicyGetWindowingModel(processToken, policy);
  122.     }
  124.     /// <inheritdoc/>
  125.     public void Dispose()
  126.     {
  127.         if (!disposed && IsHooked)
  128.         {
  129.             EndHook();
  130.         }
  131.         GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
  132.         disposed = true;
  133.     }
  134. }
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准备工作完成，接下来我们就可以创建窗口了，如果顺利的话我们只需要new Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Window()就行了，但是很遗憾，经过测试在 UWP 并不能正常初始化这个类，有可能是我使用的方法不太正确，或许以后可能能找到正常使用的办法，不过现在我们只能去手动创建一个 Win32 窗口了。
首先我们需要新创建一个线程，CoreWindow 线程无法新建 XAML 岛，不过在 XAML 岛线程可以，新建线程只需要用Thread就行了。
  1. new Thread(() => { ... });
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WAS 提供了AppWindow来管理 win32 窗口，我们只需要使用它创建一个窗口就行了。
  1. AppWindow window = AppWindow.Create();
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接下来我们需要创建 XAML 岛，这时我们就需要使用上面劫持器来劫持获取应用模子的方法了。
  1. DispatcherQueueController controller;
  2. DesktopWindowXamlSource source;
  4. using (HookWindowingModel hook = new())
  5. {
  6.     controller = DispatcherQueueController.CreateOnCurrentThread();
  7.     source = new DesktopWindowXamlSource();
  8. }
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然后我们就可以把 XAML 岛糊到之前创建的 AppWindow 上了。
  1. source.Initialize(window.Id);
  2. DesktopChildSiteBridge bridge = source.SiteBridge;
  3. bridge.ResizePolicy = ContentSizePolicy.ResizeContentToParentWindow;
  4. bridge.Show();
  6. DispatcherQueue dispatcherQueue = controller.DispatcherQueue;
  7. window.AssociateWithDispatcherQueue(dispatcherQueue);
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由于 XAML 岛存在的一些特性，当窗口扩展标题栏或者全屏化的时候窗口内容并不会跟着变化，所以我们需要一些小魔法来让它在变化时调整大小。
  1. window.Changed += (sender, args) =>
  2. {
  3.     if (args.DidPresenterChange)
  4.     {
  5.         bridge.ResizePolicy = ContentSizePolicy.None;
  6.         bridge.ResizePolicy = ContentSizePolicy.ResizeContentToParentWindow;
  7.     }
  8. };
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末了不要忘了保持当前线程，不然这里跑完了窗口就退出了。
  1. dispatcherQueue.RunEventLoop();
  2. await controller.ShutdownQueueAsync();
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当窗口关闭后记得实行DispatcherQueue.EnqueueEventLoopExit()来释放保持的线程。
末了把之前的东西组合起来，再加点东西：
  1. /// <summary>
  2. /// Create a new <see cref="DesktopWindow"/> instance.
  3. /// </summary>
  4. /// <param name="launched">Do something after <see cref="DesktopWindowXamlSource"/> created.</param>
  5. /// <returns>The new instance of <see cref="DesktopWindow"/>.</returns>
  6. public static Task<DesktopWindow> CreateAsync(Action<DesktopWindowXamlSource> launched)
  7. {
  8.     TaskCompletionSource<DesktopWindow> taskCompletionSource = new();
  10.     new Thread(async () =>
  11.     {
  12.         try
  13.         {
  14.             DispatcherQueueController controller;
  15.             DesktopWindowXamlSource source;
  16.             AppWindow window = AppWindow.Create();
  18.             using (HookWindowingModel hook = new())
  19.             {
  20.                 controller = DispatcherQueueController.CreateOnCurrentThread();
  21.                 source = new DesktopWindowXamlSource();
  22.             }
  24.             source.Initialize(window.Id);
  25.             DesktopChildSiteBridge bridge = source.SiteBridge;
  26.             bridge.ResizePolicy = ContentSizePolicy.ResizeContentToParentWindow;
  27.             bridge.Show();
  29.             window.Changed += (sender, args) =>
  30.             {
  31.                 if (args.DidPresenterChange)
  32.                 {
  33.                     bridge.ResizePolicy = ContentSizePolicy.None;
  34.                     bridge.ResizePolicy = ContentSizePolicy.ResizeContentToParentWindow;
  35.                 }
  36.             };
  38.             DispatcherQueue dispatcherQueue = controller.DispatcherQueue;
  39.             window.AssociateWithDispatcherQueue(dispatcherQueue);
  40.             TrackWindow(window);
  42.             launched(source);
  43.             DesktopWindow desktopWindow = new()
  44.             {
  45.                 AppWindow = window,
  46.                 WindowXamlSource = source
  47.             };
  48.             taskCompletionSource.SetResult(desktopWindow);
  50.             dispatcherQueue.RunEventLoop();
  51.             await controller.ShutdownQueueAsync();
  52.         }
  53.         catch (Exception e)
  54.         {
  55.             taskCompletionSource.SetException(e);
  56.         }
  57.     })
  58.     {
  59.         Name = nameof(DesktopWindowXamlSource)
  60.     }.Start();
  62.     return taskCompletionSource.Task;
  63. }
  65. /// <summary>
  66. /// Create a new <see cref="DesktopWindow"/> instance.
  67. /// </summary>
  68. /// <param name="dispatcherQueue">The <see cref="DispatcherQueue"/> to provide thread.</param>
  69. /// <param name="launched">Do something after <see cref="DesktopWindowXamlSource"/> created.</param>
  70. /// <returns>The new instance of <see cref="DesktopWindow"/>.</returns>
  71. public static Task<DesktopWindow> CreateAsync(DispatcherQueue dispatcherQueue, Action<DesktopWindowXamlSource> launched)
  72. {
  73.     TaskCompletionSource<DesktopWindow> taskCompletionSource = new();
  75.     _ = dispatcherQueue.TryEnqueue(() =>
  76.     {
  77.         try
  78.         {
  79.             DesktopWindowXamlSource source;
  80.             AppWindow window = AppWindow.Create();
  81.             window.AssociateWithDispatcherQueue(dispatcherQueue);
  82.             TrackWindow(window);
  84.             using (HookWindowingModel hook = new())
  85.             {
  86.                 source = new DesktopWindowXamlSource();
  87.             }
  89.             source.Initialize(window.Id);
  90.             DesktopChildSiteBridge bridge = source.SiteBridge;
  91.             bridge.ResizePolicy = ContentSizePolicy.ResizeContentToParentWindow;
  92.             bridge.Show();
  94.             window.Changed += (sender, args) =>
  95.             {
  96.                 if (args.DidPresenterChange)
  97.                 {
  98.                     bridge.ResizePolicy = ContentSizePolicy.None;
  99.                     bridge.ResizePolicy = ContentSizePolicy.ResizeContentToParentWindow;
  100.                 }
  101.             };
  103.             launched(source);
  104.             DesktopWindow desktopWindow = new()
  105.             {
  106.                 AppWindow = window,
  107.                 WindowXamlSource = source
  108.             };
  109.             taskCompletionSource.SetResult(desktopWindow);
  110.         }
  111.         catch (Exception e)
  112.         {
  113.             taskCompletionSource.SetException(e);
  114.         }
  115.     });
  117.     return taskCompletionSource.Task;
  118. }
  120. private static void TrackWindow(AppWindow window)
  121. {
  122.     if (ActiveDesktopWindows.ContainsKey(window.DispatcherQueue))
  123.     {
  124.         ActiveDesktopWindows[window.DispatcherQueue] += 1;
  125.     }
  126.     else
  127.     {
  128.         ActiveDesktopWindows[window.DispatcherQueue] = 1;
  129.     }
  130.     window.Destroying -= AppWindow_Destroying;
  131.     window.Destroying += AppWindow_Destroying;
  132. }
  134. private static void AppWindow_Destroying(AppWindow sender, object args)
  135. {
  136.     if (ActiveDesktopWindows.TryGetValue(sender.DispatcherQueue, out ulong num))
  137.     {
  138.         num--;
  139.         if (num == 0)
  140.         {
  141.             ActiveDesktopWindows.Remove(sender.DispatcherQueue);
  142.             sender.DispatcherQueue.EnqueueEventLoopExit();
  143.             return;
  144.         }
  145.         ActiveDesktopWindows[sender.DispatcherQueue] = num;
  146.     }
  147. }
  149. private static Dictionary<DispatcherQueue, ulong> ActiveDesktopWindows { get; } = [];
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其中DesktopWindow是用来存放 AppWindow 和 DesktopWindowXamlSource的类，如果不嫌贫苦的话可以包裹成一个和 Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Window一样的东西。
末了附上示例应用：https://github.com/wherewhere/CoreAppUWP/tree/muxc

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