背景介绍:
最近在搭建一个公共项目,类似业务操作记录上报的功能,就想着给业务方提供统一的sdk,在sdk中实现客户端和服务端的交互封装,对业务方几乎是无感的。访问关系如下图:

访问关系示意图
这里采用了http的方式进行交互,但是,如果每次接口调用都需要感知http的封装,一来代码重复度较高,二来新增或修改接口也需要同步更改客户端代码,就有点不太友好,维护成本较高;能否实现像调用本地方法一样调用远程服务(RPC)呢,当然是可以的,并且也有好多可以参考的例子。例如,feign client的实现思路,定义好服务端的接口,通过Java代理的方式创建代理类,在代理类中统一封装了http的调用,并且将代理类作为一个bean注入到Spring容器中,使用的时候就只要获取bean调用相应的方法即可。
写个简单的例子来验证一下:
假设有个远程服务,提供了如下接口:- package com.example.remoteserviceproxydemo;
- /**
- * IRemoteService
- * @author beetle_shu
- */
- public interface IRemoteService {
- /**
- * getGreetingName
- * @return
- */
- String getGreetingName();
- /**
- * sayHello
- * @param name
- * @return
- */
- String sayHello(String name);
- }
复制代码 接下来,我们自定义一个InvocationHandler 来实现远程方法的调用- package com.example.remoteserviceproxydemo;
- import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
- import java.lang.reflect.Method;
- /**
- * RemoteServiceInvocationHandler
- * @author beetle_shu
- */
- public class RemoteServiceInvocationHandler implements InvocationHandler {
- @Override
- public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
- // 如果是远程http服务调用,通常有以下几步:
- // 1. 解析方法和参数:可以通过自定义注解,在方法上定义远程服务地址,请求方式GET/POST等信息
- // 2. 采用httpclient,OkHttp,或者restTemplate进行远程服务调用
- // 3. 解析http响应,反序列化成对应接口方法的返回对象
- // 这里,我们就不真正调用服务了,伪代码只是验证下被调用的方法是不是我们自己定义的,
- // 如果是的话返回当前方法名,如果不是的话,抛出异常,程序中断
- checkMethod(method);
- String methodName = method.getName();
- String param = "";
- if (args != null && args.length > 0) {
- param = String.valueOf(args[0]);
- }
- return methodName + ":" + param;
- }
- private void checkMethod(Method method) {
- Method[] methods = IRemoteService.class.getDeclaredMethods();
- for (Method m : methods) {
- if (m.getName().equals(method.getName())) {
- return;
- }
- }
- throw new RuntimeException("method which is not declared, " + method.getName());
- }
- }
复制代码 紧接着,通过java.lang.reflect.Proxy代理类创建一个代理对象,代理远程服务的调用,同时把该对象注册为Spring bean,加入Spring容器- package com.example.remoteserviceproxydemo;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
- import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
- @Configuration
- public class RemoteServiceProxyDemoConfiguration {
- @Bean
- public IRemoteService getRemoteService() {
- return (IRemoteService) Proxy.newProxyInstance(IRemoteService.class.getClassLoader(),
- new Class[] { IRemoteService.class }, new RemoteServiceInvocationHandler());
- }
- }
复制代码 最后,我们创建一个Controller来调用测试一下:- package com.example.remoteserviceproxydemo;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
- import javax.annotation.Resource;
- @RestController
- public class DemoController {
- @Resource
- private IRemoteService iRemoteService;
- @GetMapping("/getGreetingName")
- public String getGreetingName() {
- return iRemoteService.getGreetingName();
- }
- @PostMapping("/sayHello/{name}")
- public String sayHello(@PathVariable("name") String name) {
- return iRemoteService.sayHello(name);
- }
- }
复制代码- ###
- GET http://localhost:8080/getGreetingName
- HTTP/1.1 200
- Content-Type: text/plain;charset=UTF-8
- Content-Length: 16
- Date: Thu, 06 Oct 2022 12:28:45 GMT
- Connection: close
- getGreetingName:
- ###
- POST http://localhost:8080/sayHello/ketty
- HTTP/1.1 200
- Content-Type: text/plain;charset=UTF-8
- Content-Length: 14
- Date: Thu, 06 Oct 2022 12:30:40 GMT
- Connection: close
- sayHello:ketty
复制代码 通过测试我们可以看到,通过代理实现了远程接口的封装和调用,至此,一切正常,好像没毛病!!!可是,过了段时间就有同事找过来说依赖了我的sdk导致应用无法正常启动了。。。
问题分析:
通过报错的堆栈信息及debug跟踪,最后找到问题在Spring bean的创建过程中,registerDisposableBeanIfNecessary注册实现了Disposable Bean接口或者指定了destroy method的bean,亦或者是被指定的DestructionAwareBeanPostProcessor处理的bean,在bean销毁的时候执行对应的方法;我们看下如下代码片段:- /**
- * Determine whether the given bean requires destruction on shutdown.
- * <p>The default implementation checks the DisposableBean interface as well as
- * a specified destroy method and registered DestructionAwareBeanPostProcessors.
- * @param bean the bean instance to check
- * @param mbd the corresponding bean definition
- * @see org.springframework.beans.factory.DisposableBean
- * @see AbstractBeanDefinition#getDestroyMethodName()
- * @see org.springframework.beans.factory.config.DestructionAwareBeanPostProcessor
- */
- protected boolean requiresDestruction(Object bean, RootBeanDefinition mbd) {
- return (bean.getClass() != NullBean.class && (DisposableBeanAdapter.hasDestroyMethod(bean, mbd) ||
- // 判断是否有DestructionAwareBeanPostProcessors处理该bean
- (hasDestructionAwareBeanPostProcessors() && DisposableBeanAdapter.hasApplicableProcessors(
- bean, getBeanPostProcessorCache().destructionAware))));
- }
复制代码 继续跟踪到 DisposableBeanAdapter.hasApplicableProcessors- /**
- * Check whether the given bean has destruction-aware post-processors applying to it.
- * @param bean the bean instance
- * @param postProcessors the post-processor candidates
- */
- public static boolean hasApplicableProcessors(Object bean, List<DestructionAwareBeanPostProcessor> postProcessors) {
- if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(postProcessors)) {
- for (DestructionAwareBeanPostProcessor processor : postProcessors) {
- // 每个processor根据自己的具体情况实现requiresDestruction方法,默认是返回true
- if (processor.requiresDestruction(bean)) {
- return true;
- }
- }
- }
- return false;
- }
复制代码 接下来,我们稍微改下代码来重现下该问题,加入spring-boot-starter-data-jpa 以及 mapper-spring-boot-starter依赖,重新启动应用之后,意想不到的事情发生了:- // 应用启动报错了,这个异常正是我们代理处理类中定义的,
- // 说明应用启动的时候,调用了iRemoteService非声明的方法,这里打印出来的是【hashCode】方法
- Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException:
- Error creating bean with name 'iRemoteService' defined in class path resource
- [com/example/remoteserviceproxydemo/RemoteServiceProxyDemoConfiguration.class]:
- Unexpected exception during bean creation; nested exception is java.lang.RuntimeException:
- method which is not declared, hashCode
复制代码 通过以上代码分析,我们找到了调用的地方,PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.requiresDestruction` 方法,这里最终会执行注册bean的hashCode方法,由于是代理类,所以会执行InvocationHandler的invoke方法;而hashCode方法并不是我们IRemoteService接口类中声明的方法,所以会在checkMethod中抛出异常- @Override
- public boolean requiresDestruction(Object bean) {
- // 这里extendedEntityManagersToClose是ConcurrentHashMap
- return this.extendedEntityManagersToClose.containsKey(bean);
- }
- // ConcurrentHashMap的containsKey方法
- /**
- * Tests if the specified object is a key in this table.
- *
- * @param key possible key
- * @return {@code true} if and only if the specified object
- * is a key in this table, as determined by the
- * {@code equals} method; {@code false} otherwise
- * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null
- */
- public boolean containsKey(Object key) {
- return get(key) != null;
- }
- /**
- * Returns the value to which the specified key is mapped,
- * or {@code null} if this map contains no mapping for the key.
- *
- * <p>More formally, if this map contains a mapping from a key
- * {@code k} to a value {@code v} such that {@code key.equals(k)},
- * then this method returns {@code v}; otherwise it returns
- * {@code null}. (There can be at most one such mapping.)
- *
- * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null
- */
- public V get(Object key) {
- Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> e, p; int n, eh; K ek;
- // 这里可以看到,调用了hashCode方法,由于该bean是代理类,
- // 所以会执行RemoteServiceInvocationHandler的invoke方法,
- // 从而抛出自定义异常throw new RuntimeException("method which is not declared, " + method.getName());
- int h = spread(key.hashCode());
- if ((tab = table) != null && (n = tab.length) > 0 &&
- (e = tabAt(tab, (n - 1) & h)) != null) {
- if ((eh = e.hash) == h) {
- if ((ek = e.key) == key || (ek != null && key.equals(ek)))
- return e.val;
- }
- else if (eh < 0)
- return (p = e.find(h, key)) != null ? p.val : null;
- while ((e = e.next) != null) {
- if (e.hash == h &&
- ((ek = e.key) == key || (ek != null && key.equals(ek))))
- return e.val;
- }
- }
- return null;
- }
复制代码 解决方法:
- 不用代理类,写个具体实现类
这种方法跟我们初衷有点相背离,以后接口新增修改也都要改sdk中的实现类,具体实现如下:- package com.example.remoteserviceproxydemo;
- import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
- // 定义具体的实现类
- public class RemoteServiceImpl implements IRemoteService {
- private IRemoteService iRemoteService;
- public RemoteServiceImpl() {
- this.iRemoteService = (IRemoteService) Proxy.newProxyInstance(IRemoteService.class.getClassLoader(),
- new Class[] { IRemoteService.class }, new RemoteServiceInvocationHandler());
- }
- @Override
- public String getGreetingName() {
- return iRemoteService.getGreetingName();
- }
- @Override
- public String sayHello(String name) {
- return iRemoteService.sayHello(name);
- }
- }
复制代码- package com.example.remoteserviceproxydemo;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
- import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
- @Configuration
- public class RemoteServiceProxyDemoConfiguration {
- @Bean("iRemoteService")
- public IRemoteService getRemoteService() {
- // 注册的bean也改为具体实现类,这样就可以绕过代理类没有【hashCode】方法的问题了
- return new RemoteServiceImpl();
- // return (IRemoteService) Proxy.newProxyInstance(IRemoteService.class.getClassLoader(),
- // new Class[] { IRemoteService.class }, new RemoteServiceInvocationHandler());
- }
- }
复制代码 - 用代理类,在invoke方法中对【hashCode】方法调用做特殊处理
这种方法也是参考feign的实现,改起来也比较简单,invoke方法进来先判断是hashCode/equals/toString方法,就执行重写的hashCode/equals/toString方法,改写RemoteServiceInvocationHandler如下 :- package com.example.remoteserviceproxydemo;
- import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
- import java.lang.reflect.Method;
- import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
- /**
- * RemoteServiceInvocationHandler
- * @author beetle_shu
- */
- public class RemoteServiceInvocationHandler implements InvocationHandler {
- @Override
- public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
- // 新增对hashCode/equals/toString方法的处理
- if ("equals".equals(method.getName())) {
- try {
- Object otherHandler =
- args.length > 0 && args[0] != null ? Proxy.getInvocationHandler(args[0]) : null;
- // 可以根据实际情况重写【equals】方法
- return this.equals(otherHandler);
- } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
- return false;
- }
- } else if ("hashCode".equals(method.getName())) {
- // 可以根据实际情况重写【hashCode】方法
- return this.hashCode();
- } else if ("toString".equals(method.getName())) {
- // 可以根据实际情况重写【toString】方法
- return this.toString();
- }
- // 如果是远程http服务调用,通常有以下几步:
- // 1. 解析方法和参数:可以通过自定义注解,在方法上定义远程服务地址,请求方式GET/POST等信息
- // 2. 采用httpclient,OkHttp,或者restTemplate进行远程服务调用
- // 3. 解析http响应,反序列化成对应接口方法的返回对象
- // 这里,我们就不真正调用服务了,伪代码仅返回当前方法名
- checkMethod(method);
- String methodName = method.getName();
- String param = "";
- if (args != null && args.length > 0) {
- param = String.valueOf(args[0]);
- }
- return methodName + ":" + param;
- }
- private void checkMethod(Method method) {
- Method[] methods = IRemoteService.class.getDeclaredMethods();
- for (Method m : methods) {
- if (m.getName().equals(method.getName())) {
- return;
- }
- }
- throw new RuntimeException("method which is not declared, " + method.getName());
- }
- }
复制代码 - 用FactoryBean的getObject返回代理类,并且自定义BeanDefinitionRegistrar注册bean
这种方法也是我比较推荐的,很好的利用了Spring的扩展,进行动态bean的注册;当然,结合第2种方法一起实现,应该会完美:- package com.example.remoteserviceproxydemo;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.FactoryBean;
- import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
- /**
- * 定义RemoteServiceFactoryBean
- * @author beetle_shu
- */
- public class RemoteServiceFactoryBean implements FactoryBean<IRemoteService> {
- @Override
- public IRemoteService getObject() throws Exception {
- return (IRemoteService) Proxy.newProxyInstance(IRemoteService.class.getClassLoader(),
- new Class[] { IRemoteService.class }, new RemoteServiceInvocationHandler());
- }
- @Override
- public Class<?> getObjectType() {
- return IRemoteService.class;
- }
- @Override
- public boolean isSingleton() {
- return true;
- }
- }
复制代码 自定义BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor 并且通过FactoryBean注册iRemoteService- package com.example.remoteserviceproxydemo;
- import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableListableBeanFactory;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionBuilder;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionRegistry;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor;
- /**
- * RemoteServiceBeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor
- * @author beetle_shu
- */
- public class RemoteServiceBeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor implements BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor {
- @Override
- public void postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) throws BeansException {
- BeanDefinitionBuilder definitionBuilder = BeanDefinitionBuilder.genericBeanDefinition(RemoteServiceFactoryBean.class);
- registry.registerBeanDefinition("iRemoteService", definitionBuilder.getBeanDefinition());
- }
- @Override
- public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
- }
- }
复制代码 修改下配置类,通过@Import加载RemoteServiceBeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor- package com.example.remoteserviceproxydemo;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;
- import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
- @Configuration
- @Import(RemoteServiceBeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor.class)
- public class RemoteServiceProxyDemoConfiguration {
- // @Bean("iRemoteService")
- // public IRemoteService getRemoteService() {
- //// return new RemoteServiceImpl();
- // return (IRemoteService) Proxy.newProxyInstance(IRemoteService.class.getClassLoader(),
- // new Class[] { IRemoteService.class }, new RemoteServiceInvocationHandler());
- // }
- }
复制代码 - 重写PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor
个人不太建议用这种方式,除非对Spring框架有比较透彻的理解以及对源代码有比较高的把控度,具体实现可以参考该大神的文章:https://www.huluohu.com/posts/202102252023/
总结:
虽说是个小问题也比较细节,但是,整个过程梳理下来还是涉及到很多的知识点:Spring boot启动过程;Spring bean的生命周期;Spring boot扩展BeanPostProcessor; FactoryBean的用法;动态注册Spring bean的几种方法;Java反射及代理等等。通过这些知识的梳理,重新回顾的同时也学到了一些新的知识,希望以后能多抓住这种排查问题和分析问题的机会,多多总结,少踩坑。
参考:
代码示例:
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