HarmonyOS-权限管理

一. 权限分类

 1. system_grant

system_grant 为体系授权，无需询问用户，常用的权限包罗网络请求、获取网络信息、获取wifi信息、获取传感器数据等。

1. /* system_grant（系统授权）*/
2.   static readonly INTERNET = 'ohos.permission.INTERNET' // 网路请求
3.   static readonly GET_NETWORK_INFO = 'ohos.permission.GET_NETWORK_INFO' // 网络信息-读
4.   static readonly GET_WIFI_INFO = 'ohos.permission.GET_WIFI_INFO' // WIFI信息-读
5.   static readonly GYROSCOPE = 'ohos.permission.GYROSCOPE' // 陀螺仪传感器
6.   static readonly ACCELEROMETER = 'ohos.permission.ACCELEROMETER' // 加速度传感器

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2. user_grant

user_grant 是必要用户授权的权限，常用的权限包罗定位、相机、麦克风、日历、文件读写等。

1. /* user_grant（用户授权）*/
2.   static readonly LOCATION = 'ohos.permission.LOCATION' // 定位-精确
3.   static readonly APPROXIMATELY_LOCATION = 'ohos.permission.APPROXIMATELY_LOCATION' // 定位-模糊
4.   static readonly LOCATION_IN_BACKGROUND = 'ohos.permission.LOCATION_IN_BACKGROUND' // 定位-后台
5.   static readonly CAMERA = 'ohos.permission.CAMERA' // 相机
6.   static readonly MICROPHONE = 'ohos.permission.MICROPHONE' // 麦克风
7.   static readonly READ_CONTACTS = 'ohos.permission.READ_CONTACTS' // 通讯录-读
8.   static readonly WRITE_CONTACTS = 'ohos.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS' // 通讯录-写
9.   static readonly READ_CALENDAR = 'ohos.permission.READ_CALENDAR' // 日历-读
10.   static readonly WRITE_CALENDAR = 'ohos.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR' // 日历-写
11.   static readonly WRITE_IMAGEVIDEO = 'ohos.permission.WRITE_IMAGEVIDEO' // 图片视频-写
12.   static readonly READ_IMAGEVIDEO = 'ohos.permission.READ_IMAGEVIDEO' // 图片视频-读
13.   static readonly MEDIA_LOCATION = 'ohos.permission.MEDIA_LOCATION' // 多媒体-本地
14.   static readonly WRITE_AUDIO = 'ohos.permission.WRITE_AUDIO' // 音频-写
15.   static readonly READ_AUDIO = 'ohos.permission.READ_AUDIO' // 音频-读
16.   static readonly READ_MEDIA = 'ohos.permission.READ_MEDIA' // 文件-读
17.   static readonly WRITE_MEDIA = 'ohos.permission.WRITE_MEDIA' // 文件-写
18.   static readonly APP_TRACKING_CONSENT = 'ohos.permission.APP_TRACKING_CONSENT' // 广告标识符
19.   static readonly DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC = 'ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC' // 多设备协同
20.   static readonly ACCESS_BLUETOOTH = 'ohos.permission.ACCESS_BLUETOOTH' // 使用蓝牙能力
21.   static readonly READ_PASTEBOARD = 'ohos.permission.READ_PASTEBOARD' // 剪贴板
22.   static readonly READ_HEALTH_DATA = 'ohos.permission.READ_HEALTH_DATA' // 健康数据
23.   static readonly ACTIVITY_MOTION = 'ohos.permission.ACTIVITY_MOTION' // 健身运动

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二. 权限声明 

1. system_grant

在应用 entry 模块的 module.json5 中添加权限声明。

1. "requestPermissions": [
2.   {
3.     "name": "ohos.permission.INTERNET"
4.   }, {
5.     "name": "ohos.permission.GET_NETWORK_INFO"
6.   }, {
7.     "name": "ohos.permission.GET_WIFI_INFO"
8.   }
9. ]

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 2. user_grant

在应用 entry 模块的 module.json5 中添加权限声明。

1. "requestPermissions": [
2.   {
3.     "name": "ohos.permission.LOCATION",
4.     "reason": "$string:PERMISSION_LOCATION",
5.     "usedScene": {
6.       "abilities": [
7.         "EntryAbility"
8.       ],
9.       "when":"inuse"
10.      }
11.   },
12.   {
13.     "name": "ohos.permission.APP_TRACKING_CONSENT",
14.     "reason": "$string:PERMISSION_TRACKING_CONSENT",
15.     "usedScene": {
16.       "abilities": [
17.         "EntryAbility"
18.       ],
19.       "when":"inuse"
20.      }
21.   }
22. ]

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三. 权限应用 

1. system_grant

使用该类权限不必要弹窗让用户授权，只必要判断一下该权限在应用中是否声明。

1. import { abilityAccessCtrl, bundleManager, PermissionRequestResult, Permissions, Want } from '@kit.AbilityKit';
3. export class PermissionManager {
4.   async checkPermissions(): void {
5.     const bundleInfo: bundleManager.BundleInfo = await bundleManager.getBundleInfoForSelf(bundleManager.BundleFlag.GET_BUNDLE_INFO_WITH_APPLICATION)
6.     const tokenId = bundleInfo.appInfo.accessTokenId
7.     const atManager = abilityAccessCtrl.createAtManager()
8.     const state = atManager.checkAccessTokenSync(tokenId, 'ohos.permission.INTERNET')
10.     if (state === abilityAccessCtrl.GrantStatus.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
11.       console.log('网络请求可用')
12.     } else {
13.       console.log('网络请求不可用')
14.     }
15.   }
16. }

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2. user_grant

使用该类权限必要先判断用户是否授权，先由用户授权之后再使用该类权限相干的本领。

1. import { abilityAccessCtrl, bundleManager, PermissionRequestResult, Permissions, common } from '@kit.AbilityKit';
3. export class PermissionManager {
4.   async checkPermissions(): Promise<void> {
5.     const bundleInfo: bundleManager.BundleInfo = await bundleManager.getBundleInfoForSelf(bundleManager.BundleFlag.GET_BUNDLE_INFO_WITH_APPLICATION)
6.     const tokenId = bundleInfo.appInfo.accessTokenId
7.     const atManager = abilityAccessCtrl.createAtManager()
8.     const state = atManager.checkAccessTokenSync(tokenId, 'ohos.permission.LOCATION')
10.     if (state === abilityAccessCtrl.GrantStatus.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
11.       console.log('定位权限已开启')
12.     } else {
13.       const context = AppStorage.get('ability_context') as common.UIAbilityContext // 在EntryAbility中存储AbilityContext
14.       const result: PermissionRequestResult = await atManager.requestPermissionsFromUser(context, ['ohos.permission.LOCATION', 'ohos.permission.APPROXIMATELY_LOCATION'])
15.       const authResults: Array<number> = result.authResults
16.       const grantStatus: boolean = (authResults[0] === 0)
17.       if (grantStatus) {
18.         console.log('定位权限已开启')
19.       } else {
20.         console.log('定位权限未开启')
21.       }      
22.     }
23.   }
24. }

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3. notification

推送关照的权限是基于 notificationMananger 服务实现，不同于 system_agent 和 user_agent。

1. import notificationManager from '@ohos.notificationManager';
3. export class PermissionManager {
4.   async checkNotificationPermissions(): Promise<void> {
5.     let grantStatus = await notificationManager.isNotificationEnabled()
6.     if (!grantStatus) {
7.       await notificationManager.requestEnableNotification()
8.       grantStatus = await notificationManager.isNotificationEnabled()
9.       if (!grantStatus) {
10.         console.log('通知权限未开启')
11.       } else {
12.         console.log('通知权限已开启')
13.       }
14.     } else {
15.         console.log('通知权限已开启')
16.     }
17.   }
18. }

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4. 跳转到APP设置页

1. import bundleManager from '@ohos.bundle.bundleManager';
2. import { common, Want } from '@kit.AbilityKit';
3. import { BusinessError } from '@kit.BasicServicesKit';
5. export class PermissionManager {
6.   async gotoSetting(): Promise<void> {
7.     const bundleFlags = bundleManager.BundleFlag.GET_BUNDLE_INFO_WITH_APPLICATION
8.     const bundleParam = bundleManager.getBundleInfoForSelfSync(bundleFlags)
9.     const bundleId = bundleParam.name
11.     let wantInfo: Want = {
12.       bundleName: 'com.huawei.hmos.settings',
13.       abilityName: 'com.huawei.hmos.settings.MainAbility',
14.       uri: 'application_info_entry',
15.       parameters: {
16.         pushParams: bundleId
17.       }
18.     }
19.     const context = AppStorage.get('ability_context') as common.UIAbilityContext // 在EntryAbility中存储AbilityContext
20.     context.startAbility(wantInfo).catch((error: BusinessError) => {
21.       console.error(`startAbility-error: ${JSON.stringify(error)}`)
22.     })
23.   }
24. }

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源码参考： harmonyos-permission

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