FastAPI测试战略：参数解析单元测试

扫描二维码关注大概微信搜一搜：编程智域 前端至全栈交流与发展
探索数千个预构建的 AI 应用，开启你的下一个伟大创意
第一章：核心测试方法论

1.1 三层测试体系架构

1. # 第一层：模型级测试
2. def test_user_model_validation():
3.     with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
4.         User(age=-5)
7. # 第二层：依赖项测试
8. def test_auth_dependency():
9.     assert auth_dependency(valid_token).status == "active"
12. # 第三层：端点集成测试
13. def test_user_endpoint():
14.     response = client.get("/users/1")
15.     assert response.json()["id"] == 1

复制代码

1.2 参数化测试模式

1. import pytest
4. @pytest.mark.parametrize("input,expected", [
5.     ("admin", 200),
6.     ("guest", 403),
7.     ("invalid", 401)
8. ])
9. def test_role_based_access(input, expected):
10.     response = client.get(
11.         "/admin",
12.         headers={"X-Role": input}
13.     )
14.     assert response.status_code == expected

复制代码

第二章：请求模仿技术

2.1 多协议请求构造

1. from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
4. def test_multi_part_form():
5.     response = TestClient(app).post(
6.         "/upload",
7.         files={"file": ("test.txt", b"content")},
8.         data={"name": "test"}
9.     )
10.     assert response.status_code == 201
13. def test_graphql_query():
14.     response = client.post(
15.         "/graphql",
16.         json={"query": "query { user(id:1) { name } }"}
17.     )
18.     assert "errors" not in response.json()

复制代码

2.2 动态Header注入

1. class AuthTestClient(TestClient):
2.     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
3.         super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
4.         self.token = generate_test_token()
6.     def get(self, url, **kwargs):
7.         headers = kwargs.setdefault("headers", {})
8.         headers.setdefault("Authorization", f"Bearer {self.token}")
9.         return super().get(url, **kwargs)
12. test_client = AuthTestClient(app)

复制代码

第三章：Pydantic深度测试

3.1 自界说验证器测试

1. def test_custom_validator():
2.     with pytest.raises(ValidationError) as excinfo:
3.         Product(stock=-10)
5.     assert "库存不能为负" in str(excinfo.value)
8. def test_regex_validation():
9.     valid = {"email": "test@example.com"}
10.     invalid = {"email": "invalid-email"}
12.     assert EmailRequest(**valid)
13.     with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
14.         EmailRequest(**invalid)

复制代码

3.2 模型继承测试

1. class BaseUserTest:
2.     @pytest.fixture
3.     def model_class(self):
4.         return BaseUser
7. class TestAdminUser(BaseUserTest):
8.     @pytest.fixture
9.     def model_class(self):
10.         return AdminUser
12.     def test_admin_privilege(self, model_class):
13.         user = model_class(role="super_admin")
14.         assert user.has_privilege("all")

复制代码

第四章：测试覆盖率优化

4.1 边界条件覆盖战略

[code]# 使用hypothesis天生测试数据from hypothesis import given, strategies as st@given(st.integers(min_value=0, max_value=150))def test_age_validation(age):    assert 0