SpringBoot中注入Servlet&Filter&Listener
1.基本介绍
文档:SpringBoot中注入Servlet&Filter&Listener
- 考虑到实际开发业务非常复杂和兼容问题,SpringBoot支持将Servlet、Filter、Listener注入spring容器中,成为Spring Bean
- 也就是说,SpringBoot开放了和原生WEB组件(Servlet、Filter、Listener)的兼容
- SpringBoot注入Servlet、Filter、Listener,有两种方式:
- 通过注解方式注入
- 使用RegistrationBean方式注入
2.通过注解方式注入
2.1@WebServlet
属性名对应标签描述name指定 Servlet 的 name 属性。 如果没有显式指定,则取值为该 Servlet 的完全限定名,即包名+类名value该属性等价于 urlPatterns 属性,两者不能同时指定。 如果同时指定,通常是忽略 value 的取值urlPatterns指定一组 Servlet 的 URL 匹配模式loadOnStartup指定 Servlet 的加载顺序initParams指定一组 Servlet 初始化参数asyncSupported声明 Servlet 是否支持异步操作模式description指定该 Servlet 的描述信息displayName指定该 Servlet 的显示名例子--使用@WebServlet注入Servlet
(1)MyServlet.java
- 通过继承HttpServlet来开发原生的Servlet
- 使用@WebServlet,表示将其标识的对象注入到Spring容器中
- urlPatterns = {"servlet01","servlet02"} 对此servlet配置了映射路径
- 对于开发的原生的Servlet,需要使用@ServletComponentScan在SpringBoot主程序中,指定要扫描的原生Servlet,这样该Servlet才能注入容器
- package com.li.thymeleaf.servlet;
- import javax.servlet.ServletException;
- import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
- import java.io.IOException;
- /**
- * @author 李
- * @version 1.0
- */
- @WebServlet(urlPatterns = {"/servlet01", "/servlet02"})
- public class MyServlet extends HttpServlet {
- @Override
- protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
- resp.getWriter().write("Hello,MyServlet!");
- }
- }
复制代码 (2)Application.java主程序- package com.li.thymeleaf;
- import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
- import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
- import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletComponentScan;
- /**
- * @author 李
- * @version 1.0
- */
- //指定扫描Servlet
- @ServletComponentScan(basePackages = "com.li.thymeleaf")
- @SpringBootApplication
- public class Application {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- SpringApplication.run(Application.class,args);
- }
- }
复制代码 (3)浏览器访问地址:http://localhost:8080/servlet01获者 http://localhost:8080/servlet02,返回如下:
注意:注入的Servlet不会被SpringBoot的拦截器拦截(因为原生Servlet和前端控制器DispatcherServlet是统一级别的,而拦截器在DispatcherServlet中)
2.2@WebFilter
属性名说 明description该过滤器的描述信息,等价于 标签。displayName该过滤器的显示名,通常配合工具使用,等价于 标签initParams指定一组过滤器初始化参数,等价于 标签。filterName指定过滤器的 name 属性,等价于 servletNames指定过滤器将应用于哪些 Servlet。取值是 @WebServlet 中的 name 属性的取值,或者是 web.xml 中 的取值value/urlPatterns过滤器的 URL 匹配模式,等价于标签dispatcherTypes指定过滤器的转发模式。具体取值包括: ASYNC、ERROR、FORWARD、INCLUDE、REQUEST。asyncSupported声明过滤器是否支持异步操作模式, 等价于标签例子--使用@WebFilter注入Filter
- @WebFilter标识一个过滤器,并注入spring容器
- urlPatterns = {"/css/*", "/images/*"}表示请求/css/目录或者/images/目录下的资源时,请求会经过这个过滤器
- 需要在主程序中,指定要扫描的Filter,这样该Filter才能注入容器
- package com.li.thymeleaf.filter;
- import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
- import javax.servlet.*;
- import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import java.io.IOException;
- /**
- * @author 李
- * @version 1.0
- * 开发Filter并注入spring容器
- */
- @Slf4j
- @WebFilter(urlPatterns = {"/css/*", "/images/*"})
- public class MyFilter implements Filter {
- @Override
- public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
- log.info("MyFilter的init()方法被执行...");
- }
- @Override
- public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
- log.info("MyFilter的doFilter()方法被执行...");
- HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request;
- log.info("过滤器处理的uri={}", httpServletRequest.getRequestURI());
- chain.doFilter(request, response);//放行
- }
- @Override
- public void destroy() {
- log.info("MyFilter的destroy()方法被执行...");
- }
- }
复制代码 (2)在主程序中配置扫描该过滤器(略)
(3)在浏览器访问地址:http://localhost:8080/images/login.jpg,后台输出:- 2023-03-23 18:59:36.685 INFO 39228 --- [nio-8080-exec-6] com.li.thymeleaf.filter.MyFilter : MyFilter的doFilter()方法被执行...
- 2023-03-23 18:59:36.685 INFO 39228 --- [nio-8080-exec-6] com.li.thymeleaf.filter.MyFilter : 过滤器处理的uri=/images/login.jpg
复制代码有时候后台没有输出,可能是浏览器缓存问题
2.3@WebListener
(1)MyListener.java- package com.li.thymeleaf.listener;
- import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
- import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
- import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
- import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener;
- /**
- * @author 李
- * @version 1.0
- */
- @Slf4j
- @WebListener
- public class MyListener implements ServletContextListener {
- @Override
- public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
- //可以加入项目初始化相关的业务
- log.info("MyListener-contextInitialized()-项目初始化OK~");
- }
- @Override
- public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {
- //可以加入业务
- log.info("MyListener-contextDestroyed()-项目初销毁...");
- }
- }
复制代码 (2)在主程序 Application.java配置扫描该监听器- package com.li.thymeleaf;
- import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
- import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
- import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletComponentScan;
- import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
- /**
- * @author 李
- * @version 1.0
- */
- //指定扫描监听器
- @ServletComponentScan(basePackages = "com.li.thymeleaf")
- @SpringBootApplication
- public class Application {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- ConfigurableApplicationContext ioc =
- SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
- //监听器的contextDestroyed()方法在容器销毁时触发
- ioc.stop();
- }
- }
复制代码 (3)启动项目,控制台输出:
3.使用RegistrationBean方式注入
RegistrationConfig.java:- package com.li.thymeleaf.config;
- import com.li.thymeleaf.filter.MyFilter;
- import com.li.thymeleaf.listener.MyListener;
- import com.li.thymeleaf.servlet.MyServlet;
- import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean;
- import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletListenerRegistrationBean;
- import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
- import java.util.Arrays;
- /**
- * @author 李
- * @version 1.0
- * RegistrationConfig是一个配置类,
- * 默认为单实例模式 proxyBeanMethods=true
- */
- @Configuration
- public class RegistrationConfig {
- //使用RegistrationBean方式注入Servlet
- @Bean
- public ServletRegistrationBean servlet_() {
- MyServlet myServlet = new MyServlet();
- //将myServlet关联到ServletRegistrationBean对象
- //可以指定多个映射url
- return new ServletRegistrationBean(myServlet, "/servlet01", "/servlet02");
- }
- //使用RegistrationBean方式注入Filter
- @Bean
- public FilterRegistrationBean filter_() {
- MyFilter myFilter = new MyFilter();//创建原生的Filter对象
- FilterRegistrationBean filterRegistrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean(myFilter);
- //设置filter的urlPattern
- filterRegistrationBean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/css/*", "/images/*"));
- return filterRegistrationBean;
- }
- //使用RegistrationBean方式注入Listener
- @Bean
- public ServletListenerRegistrationBean listener_() {
- MyListener myListener = new MyListener();//创建原生的Listener对象
- return new ServletListenerRegistrationBean(myListener);
- }
- }
复制代码使用RegistrationBean的方式注入,不必在主程序Application.java中配置扫描
运行程序,可以看到三个组件都被注入到容器中:
4.注意事项和细节
4.1请求自定义Servlet时,为什么不会到达拦截器?
原因分析:
注入的Servlet会存在Spring容器,DispatcherServlet也存在Spring容器。当多个Servlet都能处理到同一层路径时,存在精确优先原则/最长前缀匹配原则:**精准匹配 > 目录匹配 > 扩展名匹配 > /* > / **
如下图:当浏览器请求路径为/servlet01 时,MyServlet的映射路径对与浏览器请求来说是精准匹配,因此此时MyServlet的映射路径优先级高于前端控制器的 /,请求路径会走tomcat流程,不会到达前端控制器,也就不会执行拦截器。
当然,在SpringBoot中,去调用@Controller目标方法,仍是按照DispatcherServlet分发匹配的机制
4.2DispatcherServlet在SpringBoot如何进行配置和注入
DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration 完成对 DispatcherServlet 的自动配置。
DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration 类,有一个内部类:- @Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
- @Conditional(DefaultDispatcherServletCondition.class)
- @ConditionalOnClass(ServletRegistration.class)
- @EnableConfigurationProperties(WebMvcProperties.class)
- protected static class DispatcherServletConfiguration {
- @Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)
- //创建了DispatcherServlet对象,并进行一系列设置并返回。
- public DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet(WebMvcProperties webMvcProperties) {
- DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet = new DispatcherServlet();
- dispatcherServlet.setDispatchOptionsRequest(webMvcProperties.isDispatchOptionsRequest());
- dispatcherServlet.setDispatchTraceRequest(webMvcProperties.isDispatchTraceRequest());
- dispatcherServlet.setThrowExceptionIfNoHandlerFound(webMvcProperties.isThrowExceptionIfNoHandlerFound());
- dispatcherServlet.setPublishEvents(webMvcProperties.isPublishRequestHandledEvents());
- dispatcherServlet.setEnableLoggingRequestDetails(webMvcProperties.isLogRequestDetails());
- return dispatcherServlet;
- }
- @Bean
- @ConditionalOnBean(MultipartResolver.class)
- @ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = DispatcherServlet.MULTIPART_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME)
- public MultipartResolver multipartResolver(MultipartResolver resolver) {
- // Detect if the user has created a MultipartResolver but named it incorrectly
- return resolver;
- }
- }
复制代码 然后通过如下方法,创建DispatcherServletRegistrationBean对象,并将创建的DispatcherServlet对象关联到这个DispatcherServletRegistrationBean对象中,将DispatcherServletRegistrationBean对象通过@Bean注入到容器中。- @Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
- @Conditional(DispatcherServletRegistrationCondition.class)
- @ConditionalOnClass(ServletRegistration.class)
- @EnableConfigurationProperties(WebMvcProperties.class)
- @Import(DispatcherServletConfiguration.class)
- protected static class DispatcherServletRegistrationConfiguration {
- @Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME)
- @ConditionalOnBean(value = DispatcherServlet.class, name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)
- public DispatcherServletRegistrationBean dispatcherServletRegistration(DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet,
- WebMvcProperties webMvcProperties, ObjectProvider<MultipartConfigElement> multipartConfig) {
- DispatcherServletRegistrationBean registration = new DispatcherServletRegistrationBean(dispatcherServlet,
- webMvcProperties.getServlet().getPath());//设置路径 /
- registration.setName(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME);
- registration.setLoadOnStartup(webMvcProperties.getServlet().getLoadOnStartup());
- multipartConfig.ifAvailable(registration::setMultipartConfig);
- return registration;
- }
- }
复制代码
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