一、DBus
DBus(D-Bus)是一种跨历程通讯机制,是一种消息总线体系。DBus提供了一种在应用程序之间进行通讯和交互的方式,可以在不同的历程之间传递消息,并提供了一套API供开发者利用。
二、Qt中利用
功能:先获取当前用户的路径,在根据路径,通过属性获取用户的昵称。
在 .pro 文件中添加 QtDBus 模块:
QT += core gui dbus
QDBusInterface 参数:
- D-Bus 服务的名称
- DBus接口的对象路径
- 接口名称(一个对象可以实现多个接口,每个接口提供不同的功能)
- 指定利用哪个 D-Bus 总线进行通讯,体系总线是全局的,所有效户和服务都可以访问,而会话总线则特定于每个用户会话。
- #include <QtDBus/QDBusInterface>
- #include <QtDBus/QDBusReply>
- QString getUserPath()
- {
- QString userName = qgetenv("USER");
- const char* server = "org.freedesktop.Accounts";
- const char* path = "/org/freedesktop/Accounts";
- const char* interface = "org.freedesktop.Accounts";
- QDBusInterface dbusInterface(server, path, interface, QDBusConnection::systemBus());
- // 参数指定调用的方法,以及方法的参数
- QDBusReply<QDBusObjectPath> reply = dbusInterface.call("FindUserByName", userName);
- return reply.error().type() == QDBusError::NoError ? reply.value().path() : "";
- }
- void getNickName(const QString &userPath)
- {
- const char* server = "org.freedesktop.Accounts";
- const char* path = userPath.toLatin1().data();
- const char* interface = "org.freedesktop.Accounts.User";
- QDBusInterface dbusInterfaceTwo(server, path, interface, QDBusConnection::systemBus());
- QString nickName = dbusInterfaceTwo.property("RealName").toString();
- qDebug() << "NickName:" << nickName;
- }
- int main()
- {
- getNickName(getUserPath());
- return 0;
- }
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三、C++中利用
实现上述同样的功能。
- 安装DBus
sudo apt-get install libdbus-1-dev
- 编译(头文件大写i,链接库小写L)
gcc two.c -I/usr/include/dbus-1.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dbus-1.0/include/ -ldbus-1
- 执行
./a.out
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <dbus-1.0/dbus/dbus.h>
- DBusConnection *getDBusConnect()
- {
- DBusError error;
- dbus_error_init(&error);
- DBusConnection *connect = dbus_bus_get(DBUS_BUS_SYSTEM, &error);
-
- if (dbus_error_is_set(&error)) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Error connecting to system bus: %s\n", error.message);
- dbus_error_free(&error);
- return NULL;
- }
- return connect;
- }
-
- void call_find_user_by_name(DBusConnection *connect, char **userPath) {
- DBusMessage *message = dbus_message_new_method_call(
- "org.freedesktop.Accounts",
- "/org/freedesktop/Accounts",
- "org.freedesktop.Accounts",
- "FindUserByName"
- );
- const char *userName = getenv("USER");
- dbus_message_append_args(message, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &userName, DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
- DBusError error;
- dbus_error_init(&error);
- DBusMessage *reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(connect, message, -1, &error);
- // Failed
- if (dbus_error_is_set(&error)) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", error.message);
- dbus_error_free(&error);
- return;
- }
- // Success
- dbus_message_get_args(reply, NULL, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, userPath, DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
-
- if (message)
- dbus_message_unref(message);
- if (reply)
- dbus_message_unref(reply);
- }
- void call_real_name(DBusConnection *connect, char *userPath) {
- DBusMessage *message = dbus_message_new_method_call(
- "org.freedesktop.Accounts",
- userPath,
- "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
- "Get"
- );
- const char *interface = "org.freedesktop.Accounts.User";
- const char *property = "RealName";
- if (!dbus_message_append_args(message, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property, DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n");
- dbus_message_unref(message);
- return;
- }
-
- DBusError error;
- dbus_error_init(&error);
- DBusMessage *reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(connect, message, -1, &error);
-
- if (dbus_error_is_set(&error)) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Error getting property: %s\n", error.message);
- dbus_error_free(&error);
- return;
- }
- DBusMessageIter args;
- if (dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &args) && dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&args) == DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT) {
- DBusMessageIter variant;
- dbus_message_iter_recurse(&args, &variant);
-
- // VARIANT is a string
- if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&variant) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
- char *nickName = NULL;
- dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&variant, &nickName);
- printf("Nickname: %s\n", nickName);
- }
- }
- if (message)
- dbus_message_unref(message);
- if (reply)
- dbus_message_unref(reply);
- }
-
- int main()
- {
- DBusConnection *connect = getDBusConnect();
- char *userPath = NULL;
- call_find_user_by_name(connect, &userPath); // 二级指针:可以用来返回多个值,作为输出型参数
- call_real_name(connect, userPath);
- dbus_connection_unref(connect);
- return 0;
- }
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