微信小程序服务端API安全鉴权&统一调用封装

张国伟 · 2024-10-10 00:52:06

一、序言

做过小程序开辟的朋友都知道，微信开放平台的接口提供了通信鉴权体系，通过数据加密与签名的机制，可以防止数据泄漏与窜改。
开辟者可在小程序管理后台API安全模块，为应用设置密钥与公钥，以此来保障开辟者应用和微信开放平台交互的安全性。
在小程序管理后台开启api加密后，开辟者须要对原API的请求内容加密与签名，同时API的回包内容须要开辟者验签与解密。支持的api可参考支持的接口调用。
今天我们一起来写个简单、易用的微信API网关接口调用封装，涉及到API的加解密、加验签等，让我们用心关注业务开辟。

二、前置准备

开始前，我们须要先在管理后台开启API安全模块，具体步骤可参考：安全鉴权模式先容。
1、获取小程序AppID和AppSecret

2、下载对称加密密钥

同时我们须要获取对称加密秘钥，这里对称加密密钥范例，我们选择AES256用于数据加解密。

3、下载加签私钥

这里的非对称加密密钥范例选择RSA，这里的私钥主要是用来对请求数据加签的。

4、下载验签证书

这里我们须要下载开放平台证书和密钥编号，用于响应数据的验签，如下：

三、加解密封装

做好前置准备后，我们开始举行封装，具体我们可以参考：微信小程序api签名指南。
1、相干底子类

(1) WxApiGatewayRequest (加密请求数据体)

@Data
public class WxApiGatewayRequest {
/**
* 初始向量，为16字节base64字符串（解码后为12字节随机字符串）
*/
private String iv;
/**
* 加密后的密文，使用base64编码
*/
private String data;
/**
* GCM模式输出的认证信息，使用base64编码
*/
private String authtag;
}

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(2) WxApiGatewayResponse(加密响应数据体)

@Data
public class WxApiGatewayResponse {
/**
* 初始向量，为16字节base64字符串（解码后为12字节随机字符串）
*/
private String iv;
/**
* 加密后的密文，使用base64编码
*/
private String data;
/**
* GCM模式输出的认证信息，使用base64编码
*/
private String authtag;
}

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备注：微信API网关请求和响应数据体的字段都是一样的。
2、加解密工具类

该工具类是根据微信服务端api的签名指南举行封装的，这里我们加密算法选择认识的AES256_GCM，签名算法选择RSAwithSHA256。
里面共包罗了AES加解密、RSA加验签4个核心方法。

import com.xlyj.common.dto.WxApiGatewayRequest;
import com.xlyj.common.vo.WxApiGatewayResponse;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.spec.GCMParameterSpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.security.Signature;
import java.security.cert.CertificateFactory;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
import java.security.spec.MGF1ParameterSpec;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.PSSParameterSpec;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Base64;
/**
* 微信API请求和响应加解密、加验签工具类
* @author Nick Liu
* @date 2024/7/3
*/
public abstract class WxApiCryptoUtils {
private static final String AES_ALGORITHM = "AES";
private static final String AES_TRANSFORMATION = "AES/GCM/NoPadding";
private static final int GCM_TAG_LENGTH = 128;
private static final String RSA_ALGORITHM = "RSA";
private static final String SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM = "RSASSA-PSS";
private static final String HASH_ALGORITHM = "SHA-256";
private static final String MFG_ALGORITHM = "MGF1";
private static final String CERTIFICATE_TYPE = "X.509";
private static final Base64.Decoder DECODER = Base64.getDecoder();
private static final Base64.Encoder ENCODER = Base64.getEncoder();
/**
* AES256_GCM 数据加密
* @param base64AesKey Base64编码AES密钥
* @param iv 向量IV
* @param aad AAD (url_path + app_id + req_timestamp + sn), 中间竖线分隔
* @param plainText 明文字符串
* @return 加密后的请求数据
*/
public static WxApiGatewayRequest encryptByAES(String base64AesKey, String iv, String aad, String plainText) throws Exception {
byte[] keyAsBytes = DECODER.decode(base64AesKey);
byte[] ivAsBytes = DECODER.decode(iv);
byte[] aadAsBytes = aad.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
byte[] plainTextAsBytes = plainText.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
// AES256_GCM加密
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(AES_TRANSFORMATION);
SecretKeySpec keySpec = new SecretKeySpec(keyAsBytes, AES_ALGORITHM);
GCMParameterSpec parameterSpec = new GCMParameterSpec(GCM_TAG_LENGTH, ivAsBytes);
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, keySpec, parameterSpec);
cipher.updateAAD(aadAsBytes);
// 前16字节为加密数据，后16字节为授权标识
byte[] cipherTextAsBytes = cipher.doFinal(plainTextAsBytes);
byte[] encryptedData = Arrays.copyOfRange(cipherTextAsBytes, 0, cipherTextAsBytes.length - 16);
byte[] authTag = Arrays.copyOfRange(cipherTextAsBytes, cipherTextAsBytes.length - 16, cipherTextAsBytes.length);
WxApiGatewayRequest baseRequest = new WxApiGatewayRequest();
baseRequest.setIv(iv);
baseRequest.setData(ENCODER.encodeToString(encryptedData));
baseRequest.setAuthtag(ENCODER.encodeToString(authTag));
return baseRequest;
}
/**
* AES256_GCM 数据解密
* @param base64AesKey Base64编码AES密钥
* @param aad AAD (url_path + app_id + resp_timestamp + sn), 中间竖线分隔
* @param response 来自微信API网关的响应
* @return 解密后的请求明文字符串
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String decryptByAES(String base64AesKey, String aad, WxApiGatewayResponse response) throws Exception {
byte[] keyAsBytes = DECODER.decode(base64AesKey);
byte[] aadAsBytes = aad.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
byte[] ivAsBytes = DECODER.decode(response.getIv());
byte[] truncateTextAsBytes = DECODER.decode(response.getData());
byte[] authTagAsBytes = DECODER.decode(response.getAuthtag());
byte[] cipherTextAsBytes = new byte[truncateTextAsBytes.length + authTagAsBytes.length];
// 需要将截断的字节和authTag的字节部分重新组装
System.arraycopy(truncateTextAsBytes, 0, cipherTextAsBytes, 0, truncateTextAsBytes.length);
System.arraycopy(authTagAsBytes, 0, cipherTextAsBytes, truncateTextAsBytes.length, authTagAsBytes.length);
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(AES_TRANSFORMATION);
SecretKeySpec keySpec = new SecretKeySpec(keyAsBytes, AES_ALGORITHM);
GCMParameterSpec parameterSpec = new GCMParameterSpec(GCM_TAG_LENGTH, ivAsBytes);
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, keySpec, parameterSpec);
cipher.updateAAD(aadAsBytes);
byte[] plainTextAsBytes = cipher.doFinal(cipherTextAsBytes);
return new String(plainTextAsBytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
}
/**
* RSA with SHA256请求参数加签
* @param base64PrivateKey Base64编码RSA加签私钥
* @param payload 请求负载(url_path + app_id + req_timestamp + req_data), 中间换行符分隔
* @return 签名后的字符串
*/
public static String signByRSAWithSHA256(String base64PrivateKey, String payload) throws Exception {
byte[] privateKeyAsBytes = DECODER.decode(base64PrivateKey);
PKCS8EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(privateKeyAsBytes);
RSAPrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) KeyFactory.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM).generatePrivate(keySpec);
Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM);
PSSParameterSpec parameterSpec = new PSSParameterSpec(HASH_ALGORITHM, MFG_ALGORITHM, MGF1ParameterSpec.SHA256, 32, 1);
signature.setParameter(parameterSpec);
signature.initSign(privateKey);
signature.update(payload.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
byte[] signatureAsBytes = signature.sign();
return ENCODER.encodeToString(signatureAsBytes);
}
/**
* RSA with SHA256响应内容验签
* @param payload 响应负载(url_path + app_id + resp_timestamp + resp_data)
* @param base64Certificate 验签证书(Base64编码)
* @param signature 请求签名
* @return 是否验签通过
* @throws Exception
*/
public static boolean verifySignature(String payload, String base64Certificate, String signature) throws Exception {
CertificateFactory certificateFactory = CertificateFactory.getInstance(CERTIFICATE_TYPE);
ByteArrayInputStream inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(DECODER.decode(base64Certificate));
X509Certificate x509Certificate = (X509Certificate) certificateFactory.generateCertificate(inputStream);
Signature verifier = Signature.getInstance(SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM);
PSSParameterSpec parameterSpec = new PSSParameterSpec(HASH_ALGORITHM, MFG_ALGORITHM, MGF1ParameterSpec.SHA256, 32, 1);
verifier.setParameter(parameterSpec);
verifier.initVerify(x509Certificate);
verifier.update(payload.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
byte[] signatureInBytes = DECODER.decode(signature);
return verifier.verify(signatureInBytes);
}
/**
* 生成Base64随机IV
* @return
*/
public static String generateRandomIV() {
byte[] bytes = new byte[12];
new SecureRandom().nextBytes(bytes);
return ENCODER.encodeToString(bytes);
}
public static String generateNonce(){
byte[] bytes = new byte[16];
new SecureRandom().nextBytes(bytes);
return ENCODER.encodeToString(bytes).replace("=", StringUtils.EMPTY);
}
}

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四、HTTP调用封装

(1) HttpClientProperties

import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import java.time.Duration;
/**
* @author 刘亚楼
* @date 2022/5/10
*/
@Data
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "http.client")
public class HttpClientProperties {
/**
* 连接最大空闲时间
*/
private Duration maxIdleTime = Duration.ofSeconds(5);
/**
* 与服务端建立连接超时时间
*/
private Duration connectionTimeout = Duration.ofSeconds(5);
/**
* 客户端从服务器读取数据超时时间
*/
private Duration socketTimeout = Duration.ofSeconds(10);
/**
* 从连接池获取连接超时时间
*/
private Duration connectionRequestTimeout = Duration.ofSeconds(3);
/**
* 连接池最大连接数
*/
private int maxTotal = 500;
/**
* 每个路由(即ip+端口)最大连接数
*/
private int defaultMaxPerRoute = 50;
}

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(2) HttpClientManager
这个类包罗了http请求的封装，如下：

import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.ToStringBuilder;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.ToStringStyle;
import org.apache.http.Consts;
import org.apache.http.Header;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpRequestBase;
import org.apache.http.client.protocol.HttpClientContext;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.URIBuilder;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.message.AbstractHttpMessage;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.springframework.util.CollectionUtils;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* Convenient class for http invocation.
* @author 刘亚楼
* @date 2022/5/10
*/
public class HttpClientManager {
private final HttpClient httpClient;
public HttpClientManager(HttpClient httpClient) {
this.httpClient = httpClient;
}
public HttpClientResp get(String url) throws Exception {
return this.get(url, Collections.emptyMap(), Collections.emptyMap());
}
/**
* 发送get请求
* @param url 资源地址
* @param headers
* @param params 请求参数
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public HttpClientResp get(String url, Map<String, Object> headers, Map<String, Object> params) throws Exception {
URIBuilder uriBuilder = new URIBuilder(url);
if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(params)) {
for (Map.Entry<String, Object> param : params.entrySet()) {
uriBuilder.setParameter(param.getKey(), String.valueOf(param.getValue()));
}
}
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uriBuilder.build());
setHeaders(httpGet, headers);
return getResponse(httpGet);
}
/**
* 模拟表单发送post请求
* @param url 资源地址
*
* @param params 请求参数
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
public HttpClientResp postInHtmlForm(String url, Map<String, Object> params) throws IOException {
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(params)) {
List<NameValuePair> formParams = new ArrayList<>();
for (Map.Entry<String, Object> param : params.entrySet()) {
formParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair(param.getKey(), String.valueOf(param.getValue())));
}
httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formParams, Consts.UTF_8));
}
return getResponse(httpPost);
}
public HttpClientResp postInJson(String url, String jsonStr) throws IOException {
return this.postInJson(url, Collections.emptyMap(), jsonStr);
}
/**
* 发送post请求，请求参数格式为json
* @param url 资源地址
* @param headers 请求头信息
* @param jsonStr 请求参数json字符串
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
public HttpClientResp postInJson(String url, Map<String, Object> headers, String jsonStr) throws IOException {
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
setHeaders(httpPost, headers);
httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(jsonStr, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON));
return getResponse(httpPost);
}
public static void setHeaders(AbstractHttpMessage message, Map<String, Object> headers) {
if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(headers)) {
for (Map.Entry<String, Object> header : headers.entrySet()) {
message.setHeader(header.getKey(), String.valueOf(header.getValue()));
}
}
}
private HttpClientResp getResponse(HttpRequestBase request) throws IOException {
try (CloseableHttpResponse response = (CloseableHttpResponse) httpClient.execute(request, HttpClientContext.create())) {
HttpClientResp resp = new HttpClientResp();
int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
if (statusCode >= HttpStatus.SC_OK && statusCode < HttpStatus.SC_MULTIPLE_CHOICES) {
Map<String, String> headers = new HashMap<>();
for (Header header : response.getAllHeaders()) {
headers.put(header.getName(), header.getValue());
}
HttpEntity httpEntity = response.getEntity();
resp.setSuccessful(true);
resp.setHeaders(headers);
resp.setContentType(httpEntity.getContentType().getValue());
resp.setContentLength(httpEntity.getContentLength());
resp.setRespContent(EntityUtils.toString(httpEntity, Consts.UTF_8));
if (httpEntity.getContentEncoding() != null) {
resp.setContentEncoding(httpEntity.getContentEncoding().getValue());
}
}
return resp;
}
}
public static class HttpClientResp {
private String respContent;
private long contentLength;
private String contentType;
private String contentEncoding;
private Map<String, String> headers;
private boolean successful;
public String getRespContent() {
return respContent;
}
public void setRespContent(String respContent) {
this.respContent = respContent;
}
public long getContentLength() {
return contentLength;
}
public void setContentLength(long contentLength) {
this.contentLength = contentLength;
}
public String getContentType() {
return contentType;
}
public void setContentType(String contentType) {
this.contentType = contentType;
}
public String getContentEncoding() {
return contentEncoding;
}
public void setContentEncoding(String contentEncoding) {
this.contentEncoding = contentEncoding;
}
public Map<String, String> getHeaders() {
return headers;
}
public void setHeaders(Map<String, String> headers) {
this.headers = headers;
}
public boolean isSuccessful() {
return successful;
}
public void setSuccessful(boolean successful) {
this.successful = successful;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return ToStringBuilder.reflectionToString(this, ToStringStyle.SHORT_PREFIX_STYLE);
}
}
}

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五、微信服务端API网关调用封装

1、底子类

(1) WxApiGatewayBaseDTO
该类为请求业务JSON参数基类，里面包罗了_n、_appid、_timestamp三个安全字段。

import com.alibaba.fastjson.annotation.JSONField;
import lombok.Data;
/**
* @author Nick Liu
* @date 2024/7/3
*/
@Data
public class WxApiGatewayBaseDTO {
/**
* 安全字段：nonce随机值
*/
@JSONField(name = "_n")
private String nonce;
/**
* 安全字段：app id
*/
@JSONField(name = "_appid")
private String appid;
/**
* 安全字段：时间戳
*/
@JSONField(name = "_timestamp")
private Long timestamp;
}

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(2) WxApiGatewayUrlParamBaseDTO
这里是微信API网关URL参数的基类，这里只界说，没有具体参数。

import lombok.Data;
/**
* 微信API网关URL参数DTO
* @author Nick Liu
* @date 2024/7/27
*/
@Data
public class WxApiGatewayUrlParamBaseDTO {
}

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(3) GenericUrlParamsDTO

@Data
@Builder
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class GenericUrlParamsDTO extends WxApiGatewayUrlParamBaseDTO {
@JSONField(name = "access_token")
private String accessToken;
}

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(4) WxApiGatewayErrorMsgVO
这个类包罗了微信API网关返回的错误信息，如下：

import com.alibaba.fastjson.annotation.JSONField;
import lombok.Data;
/**
* @author Nick Liu
* @date 2024/8/6
*/
@Data
public class WxApiGatewayErrorMsgVO {
@JSONField(name = "errcode")
private Integer errorCode;
@JSONField(name = "errmsg")
private String errorMsg;
}

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(4) WxApiGatewayBaseVO
这里是微信API网关返回的响应内容基类，当碰到非常时，会返回WxApiGatewayErrorMsgVO类里的错误信息，正常调用会返回该类的信息，如下：

import com.alibaba.fastjson.annotation.JSONField;
import lombok.Data;
/**
* @author Nick Liu
* @date 2024/7/3
*/
@Data
public class WxApiGatewayBaseVO extends WxApiGatewayErrorMsgVO {
/**
* 安全字段：nonce随机值
*/
@JSONField(name = "_n")
private String nonce;
/**
* 安全字段：app id
*/
@JSONField(name = "_appid")
private String appid;
/**
* 安全字段：时间戳
*/
@JSONField(name = "_timestamp")
private long timestamp;
}

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2、属性类和工具类

(1) WxApiGatewayProperties

@Data
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "wx.gateway")
public class WxApiGatewayProperties {
/**
* 微信网关调用host
*/
private String host;
/**
* 小程序APP ID
*/
private String appId;
/**
* 小程序APP Secret
*/
private String appSecret;
/**
* 对称密钥编号
*/
private String symmetricSn;
/**
* 对称密钥编号
*/
private String asymmetricSn;
/**
* 小程序加密密钥
*/
private String aesKey;
/**
* 小程序加密私钥
*/
private String privateKey;
/**
* 小程序通信验签证书
*/
private String certificate;
}

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(2) FastJsonUtils

/**
* json字符串与java bean转换工具类
* @author: liuyalou
* @date: 2019年10月29日
*/
public class FastJsonUtils {
public static String toJsonString(Object obj) {
return toJsonString(obj, null, false, false);
}
public static String toJsonString(Object obj, SerializeFilter... filters) {
return toJsonString(obj, null, false, false, filters);
}
public static String toJsonStringWithNullValue(Object obj, SerializeFilter... filters) {
return toJsonString(obj, null, true, false, filters);
}
public static String toPrettyJsonString(Object obj, SerializeFilter... filters) {
return toJsonString(obj, null, false, true, filters);
}
public static String toPrettyJsonStringWithNullValue(Object obj, SerializeFilter... filters) {
return toJsonString(obj, null, true, true, filters);
}
public static String toJsonStringWithDateFormat(Object obj, String dateFormat, SerializeFilter... filters) {
return toJsonString(obj, dateFormat, false, false, filters);
}
public static String toJsonStringWithDateFormatAndNullValue(Object obj, String dateFormat, SerializeFilter... filters) {
return toJsonString(obj, dateFormat, true, false, filters);
}
public static String toPrettyJsonStringWithDateFormat(Object obj, String dateFormat, SerializeFilter... filters) {
return toJsonString(obj, dateFormat, false, true, filters);
}
public static String toPrettyJsonStringWithDateFormatAndNullValue(Object obj, String dateFormat, SerializeFilter... filters) {
return toJsonString(obj, dateFormat, true, true, filters);
}
public static String toJsonString(Object obj, String dateFormat, boolean writeNullValue, boolean prettyFormat, SerializeFilter... filters) {
if (obj == null) {
return null;
}
int defaultFeature = JSON.DEFAULT_GENERATE_FEATURE;
if (writeNullValue) {
return prettyFormat ?
JSON.toJSONString(obj, SerializeConfig.globalInstance, filters, dateFormat, defaultFeature, SerializerFeature.WriteMapNullValue, SerializerFeature.PrettyFormat) :
JSON.toJSONString(obj, SerializeConfig.globalInstance, filters, dateFormat, defaultFeature, SerializerFeature.WriteMapNullValue);
}
return prettyFormat ?
JSON.toJSONString(obj, SerializeConfig.globalInstance, filters, dateFormat, defaultFeature, SerializerFeature.PrettyFormat) :
JSON.toJSONString(obj, SerializeConfig.globalInstance, filters, dateFormat, defaultFeature);
}
public static <T> T toJavaBean(String jsonStr, Class<T> clazz) {
if (StringUtils.isBlank(jsonStr)) {
return null;
}
return JSON.parseObject(jsonStr, clazz);
}
public static <T> List<T> toList(String jsonStr, Class<T> clazz) {
if (StringUtils.isBlank(jsonStr)) {
return null;
}
return JSON.parseArray(jsonStr, clazz);
}
public static Map<String, Object> toMap(String jsonStr) {
if (StringUtils.isBlank(jsonStr)) {
return null;
}
return JSON.parseObject(jsonStr, new TypeReference<Map<String, Object>>() {
});
}
public static Map<String, Integer> toIntegerValMap(String jsonStr) {
if (StringUtils.isBlank(jsonStr)) {
return null;
}
return JSON.parseObject(jsonStr, new TypeReference<Map<String,Integer>>(){});
}
public static Map<String, String> toStringValMap(String jsonStr) {
if (StringUtils.isBlank(jsonStr)) {
return null;
}
return JSON.parseObject(jsonStr, new TypeReference<Map<String,String>>(){});
}
public static Map<String, Object> beanToMap(Object obj) {
if (Objects.isNull(obj)) {
return null;
}
return toMap(toJsonString(obj));
}
public static <T> T mapToJavaBean(Map<String, ? extends Object> map, Class<T> clazz) {
if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(map)) {
return null;
}
String jsonStr = JSON.toJSONString(map);
return JSON.parseObject(jsonStr, clazz);
}
/**
*
* 对象所有的key，包括嵌套对象的key都会按照自然顺序排序
* @param obj
* @return
*/
public static String toKeyOrderedJsonString(Object obj) {
return toJsonString(beanToTreeMap(obj));
}
/**
* 对象所有的key按原始顺序排序
* @param obj
* @return
*/
public static String toKeyLinkedJsonString(Object obj) {
return toJsonString(beanToLinkedHashMap(obj));
}
public static Map<String, Object> beanToTreeMap(Object obj) {
if (Objects.isNull(obj)) {
return null;
}
return toTreeMap(toJsonString(obj));
}
public static Map<String, Object> beanToLinkedHashMap(Object obj) {
if (Objects.isNull(obj)) {
return null;
}
Map<String, Object> linkHashMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
Field[] fields = obj.getClass().getDeclaredFields();
for (Field field : fields) {
field.setAccessible(true);
linkHashMap.put(field.getName(), ReflectionUtils.getField(field, obj));
}
return linkHashMap;
}
public static Map<String, Object> toTreeMap(String jsonStr) {
if (StringUtils.isBlank(jsonStr)) {
return null;
}
JSONObject jsonObject = JSON.parseObject(jsonStr);
return convertJsonObjectToMap(jsonObject, TreeMap::new);
}
private static Map<String, Object> convertJsonObjectToMap(JSONObject jsonObject, Supplier<Map<String, Object>> supplier) {
Map<String, Object> map = supplier.get();
jsonObject.forEach((key, value) -> {
if (value instanceof JSONObject) {
// 如果是JSON对象则递归遍历
map.put(key, convertJsonObjectToMap((JSONObject) value, supplier));
} else if (value instanceof JSONArray) {
// 如果是数组则对数组中的元素重新排序
List<Object> list = new ArrayList<>();
JSONArray jsonArray = (JSONArray) value;
jsonArray.forEach(obj -> {
list.add((obj instanceof JSONObject) ? convertJsonObjectToMap((JSONObject) obj, supplier) : obj);
});
map.put(key, list);
} else {
// 如果是普通类型则直接赋值
map.put(key, value);
}
});
return map;
}
}

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3、枚举类

(1) WxApiHeaderEnum

/**
* Wx API网关调用Header
* @author Nick Liu
* @date 2024/7/27
*/
@Getter
public enum WxApiHeaderEnum {
APP_ID("Wechatmp-Appid", "当前小程序的Appid"),
TIMESTAMP("Wechatmp-TimeStamp", "时间戳"),
SERIAL("Wechatmp-Serial", "平台证书编号，在MP管理页面获取，非证书内序列号"),
SIGNATURE("Wechatmp-Signature", "平台证书签名数据，使用base64编码"),
;
private final String value;
private final String desc;
WxApiHeaderEnum(String value, String desc) {
this.value = value;
this.desc = desc;
}
}

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(2) WxApiMsgTypeEnum

/**
* @author Nick Liu
* @date 2024/7/24
*/
@Getter
public enum WxApiMsgTypeEnum {
/**
* 获取稳定版接口调用凭据
*/
GET_ACCESS_TOKEN("/cgi-bin/stable_token", HttpMethod.POST, false),
/**
* 查询每日调用接口的额度，调用次数，频率限制
*/
GET_API_QUOTA("/cgi-bin/openapi/quota/get", HttpMethod.POST, false),
/**
* 查询小程序域名配置信息
*/
GET_DOMAIN_INFO("/wxa/getwxadevinfo", HttpMethod.POST, true),
/**
* 小程序登录
*/
LOGIN("/cgi-bin/stable_token", HttpMethod.GET, false);
;
/**
* URL路径
*/
private final String urlPath;
/**
* 支持的HTTP请求方式
*/
private final HttpMethod httpMethod;
/**
* 是否支持安全鉴权，可鉴权的API参考：<a href=https://developers.weixin.qq.com/miniprogram/dev/OpenApiDoc>微信Open API</a>
*/
private final boolean supportSecurityAuth;
WxApiMsgTypeEnum(String urlPath, HttpMethod httpMethod, boolean supportSecurityAuth) {
this.urlPath = urlPath;
this.httpMethod = httpMethod;
this.supportSecurityAuth = supportSecurityAuth;
}
public static WxApiMsgTypeEnum fromUrl(String urlPath) {
return Arrays.stream(WxApiMsgTypeEnum.values()).filter(e -> e.urlPath.equals(urlPath)).findAny().orElse(null);
}
}

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(3) BizExceptionEnum

@Getter
public enum BizExceptionEnum {
INVALID_PARAMS("A0101", "Invalid request params"),
SYSTEM_ERROR("B0001","System exception, please concat customer service"),
WX_GATEWAY_SYSTEM_ERROR("wx_5000", "WX gateway invocation system error"),
WX_GATEWAY_BIZ_ERROR("wx_5001", "WX gateway invocation biz error"),
;
private final String code;
private final String message;
BizExceptionEnum(String code, String message) {
this.code = code;
this.message = message;
}
public static BizExceptionEnum fromCode(String code) {
return Arrays.stream(BizExceptionEnum.values())
.filter(bizExceptionEnum -> bizExceptionEnum.code.equals(code))
.findAny()
.orElse(null);
}
}

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4、网关核心调用抽象类

/**
* 微信API网关调用封装，包括安全鉴权（加解密，加验签），数据转换等。
* 安全鉴权需要在小程序管理后台开启
* @author Nick Liu
* @date 2024/7/24
*/
@Slf4j
public abstract class AbstractWxApiGatewayInvocationService {
private static final String VERTICAL_LINE_SEPARATOR = "|";
private static final String NEW_LINE_SEPARATOR = "\n";
@Autowired
private WxApiGatewayProperties wxApiGatewayProperties;
@Autowired
private HttpClientManager httpClientManager;
/**
* 预处理请求负载，填充安全字段
* @param payload
* @param <T>
*/
private <T extends WxApiGatewayBaseDTO> void preProcess(T payload) {
payload.setAppid(wxApiGatewayProperties.getAppId());
payload.setNonce(WxApiCryptoUtils.generateNonce());
payload.setTimestamp(DateTimeUtils.getUnixTimestamp());
}
/**
* 请求数据加密
* @param requestUrl 当前请求API的URL，不包括URL参数（URL Query），需要带HTTP协议头
* @param payload 请求负载
* @return 响应内容
* @param <T> 响应内容参数泛型
* @throws Exception
*/
private <T extends WxApiGatewayBaseDTO> WxApiGatewayRequest encryptRequest(String requestUrl, T payload) throws Exception {
String appId = wxApiGatewayProperties.getAppId();
String sn = wxApiGatewayProperties.getSymmetricSn();
String secretKey = wxApiGatewayProperties.getAesKey();
long timeStamp = payload.getTimestamp();
List<String> aadParamList = Arrays.asList(requestUrl, appId, String.valueOf(timeStamp), sn);
String aad = StringUtils.join(aadParamList, VERTICAL_LINE_SEPARATOR);
String iv = WxApiCryptoUtils.generateRandomIV();
String plainText = FastJsonUtils.toJsonString(payload);
return WxApiCryptoUtils.encryptByAES(secretKey, iv, aad, plainText);
}
/**
* 请求签名
* @param requestUrl 请求URL
* @param plainPayload 明文请求负载
* @param cipherPayload 密文请求负载
* @return Base64签名字符串
* @param <T> 请求参数泛型
* @throws Exception
*/
private <T extends WxApiGatewayBaseDTO> String sign(String requestUrl, T plainPayload, String cipherPayload) throws Exception {
String appId = wxApiGatewayProperties.getAppId();
String privateKey = wxApiGatewayProperties.getPrivateKey();
long timestamp = plainPayload.getTimestamp();
List<String> signDataList = Arrays.asList(requestUrl, appId, String.valueOf(timestamp), cipherPayload);
String signData = StringUtils.join(signDataList, NEW_LINE_SEPARATOR);
return WxApiCryptoUtils.signByRSAWithSHA256(privateKey, signData);
}
/**
* 响应解密
* @param requestUrl 请求url
* @param respHeaders 响应头
* @param resp 加密响应数据
* @return 解密后的响应报文
* @throws Exception
*/
private String decryptResp(String requestUrl, Map<String, String> respHeaders, WxApiGatewayResponse resp) throws Exception {
String respTimestamp = respHeaders.get(WxApiHeaderEnum.TIMESTAMP.getValue());
String appId = wxApiGatewayProperties.getAppId();
String sn = wxApiGatewayProperties.getSymmetricSn();
String secretKey = wxApiGatewayProperties.getAesKey();
List<String> aadParamList = Arrays.asList(requestUrl, appId, respTimestamp, sn);
String aad = StringUtils.join(aadParamList, VERTICAL_LINE_SEPARATOR);
return WxApiCryptoUtils.decryptByAES(secretKey, aad, resp);
}
/**
* 响应验签
* @param requestUrl 请求url
* @param respHeaders 响应头
* @param resp 加密后的响应数据
* @return 是否验签通过
* @throws Exception
*/
private boolean verifySignature(String requestUrl, Map<String, String> respHeaders, WxApiGatewayResponse resp)
throws Exception {
String appId = wxApiGatewayProperties.getAppId();
String certificate = wxApiGatewayProperties.getCertificate();
String respTimestamp = respHeaders.get(WxApiHeaderEnum.TIMESTAMP.getValue());
String respDataStr = FastJsonUtils.toJsonString(resp);
String signature = respHeaders.get(WxApiHeaderEnum.SIGNATURE.getValue());
List<String> aadParamList = Arrays.asList(requestUrl, appId, respTimestamp, respDataStr);
String payload = StringUtils.join(aadParamList, NEW_LINE_SEPARATOR);
return WxApiCryptoUtils.verifySignature(payload, certificate, signature);
}
protected abstract BizException processInvocationException(Exception e);
/**
* 发送GET请求到微信API网关
* @param msgType 消息类型
* @param urlParams URL参数
* @param clazz 返回明文Class实例
* @return 明文响应内容
* @param <T> 业务请求负载泛型
* @param 业务请求URL参数泛型
* @param <R> 业务返回响应泛型
* @throws Exception
*/
protected <T extends WxApiGatewayBaseDTO, U extends WxApiGatewayUrlParamBaseDTO, R extends WxApiGatewayBaseVO> R sendGetToWxApiGateway(
WxApiMsgTypeEnum msgType, U urlParams, Class<R> clazz) {
try {
return this.sendRequestToWxApiGateway(msgType, urlParams, null, clazz);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("微信API网关调用异常: {}", e.getMessage(), e);
throw this.processInvocationException(e);
}
}
/**
* 发送POST请求到微信API网关
* @param msgType 消息类型
* @param urlParams URL参数
* @param payload 请求负载: 只有POST请求才有
* @param clazz 返回明文Class实例
* @return 明文响应内容
* @param <T> 业务请求负载泛型
* @param 业务请求URL参数泛型
* @param <R> 业务返回响应泛型
* @throws Exception
*/
protected <T extends WxApiGatewayBaseDTO, U extends WxApiGatewayUrlParamBaseDTO, R extends WxApiGatewayBaseVO> R sendPostToWxApiGateway(
WxApiMsgTypeEnum msgType, U urlParams, T payload, Class<R> clazz) {
try {
return this.sendRequestToWxApiGateway(msgType, urlParams, payload, clazz);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("微信API网关调用异常: {}", e.getMessage(), e);
throw this.processInvocationException(e);
}
}
/**
* 发送请求到微信API网关
* @param msgType 消息类型
* @param urlParams URL参数
* @param payload 请求负载: 只有POST请求才有
* @param clazz 返回明文Class实例
* @return 明文响应内容
* @param <T> 业务请求负载泛型
* @param 业务请求URL参数泛型
* @param <R> 业务返回响应泛型
* @throws Exception
*/
private <T extends WxApiGatewayBaseDTO, U extends WxApiGatewayUrlParamBaseDTO, R extends WxApiGatewayBaseVO> R sendRequestToWxApiGateway(
WxApiMsgTypeEnum msgType, U urlParams, @Nullable T payload, Class<R> clazz) throws Exception {
// 1、拼接完整的URL
String host = wxApiGatewayProperties.getHost();
String urlParamsStr = this.generateUrlParams(urlParams);
String requestUrl = host + msgType.getUrlPath();
String fullRequestUrl = requestUrl + urlParamsStr;
// 2、GET请求不支持安全授权，直接发起网关调用
if (HttpMethod.GET == msgType.getHttpMethod()) {
log.info("微信API网关[GET]请求, url: [{}]", requestUrl);
HttpClientResp httpClientResp = httpClientManager.get(fullRequestUrl);
String respStr = httpClientResp.getRespContent();
log.info("微信API网关[GET]响应, url: [{}], 响应内容:{}", requestUrl, respStr);
R response = FastJsonUtils.toJavaBean(respStr, clazz);
this.processRespCode(response);
return response;
}
// 3、只有post请求且需要安全验证才验签
if (HttpMethod.POST == msgType.getHttpMethod() && msgType.isSupportSecurityAuth()) {
// 参数预处理，填充安全字段
this.preProcess(payload);
// 3.2 请求加密
WxApiGatewayRequest wxApiGatewayRequest = this.encryptRequest(requestUrl, payload);
String plainReqStr = FastJsonUtils.toJsonString(payload);
String cipherReqStr = FastJsonUtils.toKeyLinkedJsonString(wxApiGatewayRequest);
// 3.1 签名
String signature = this.sign(requestUrl, payload, cipherReqStr);
Map<String, Object> headers = new HashMap<>();
headers.put(WxApiHeaderEnum.APP_ID.getValue(), payload.getAppid());
headers.put(WxApiHeaderEnum.TIMESTAMP.getValue(), payload.getTimestamp());
headers.put(WxApiHeaderEnum.SIGNATURE.getValue(), signature);
String headersStr = FastJsonUtils.toJsonString(headers);
// 3.3 发起网关调用
log.info("微信API网关[POST]请求, url: [{}], 请求明文:{}", requestUrl, plainReqStr);
log.info("微信API网关[POST]请求, url: [{}], 请求头:{}, 请求密文:{}", requestUrl, headersStr, cipherReqStr);
HttpClientResp httpClientResp = httpClientManager.postInJson(fullRequestUrl, headers, cipherReqStr);
String cipherRespStr = httpClientResp.getRespContent();
// String respHeaderStr = FastJsonUtils.toJsonString(httpClientResp.getHeaders());
log.info("微信API网关[POST]响应, url: [{}], 响应密文:{}", requestUrl, cipherRespStr);
// 响应可能会失败，解密前处理特殊情况
R response = FastJsonUtils.toJavaBean(cipherRespStr, clazz);
this.processRespCode(response);
// 3.4 解密响应报文
WxApiGatewayResponse cipherResp = FastJsonUtils.toJavaBean(cipherRespStr, WxApiGatewayResponse.class);
String plainRespStr = this.decryptResp(requestUrl, httpClientResp.getHeaders(), cipherResp);
log.info("微信API网关[POST]响应, url: [{}], 响应明文:{}", requestUrl, plainRespStr);
return FastJsonUtils.toJavaBean(plainRespStr, clazz);
}
// 4、只需POST请求无需验签
if (HttpMethod.POST == msgType.getHttpMethod()) {
String plainRequestStr = FastJsonUtils.toJsonString(payload);
log.info("微信API网关[POST]请求, url: [{}], 请求明文:{}", requestUrl, plainRequestStr);
HttpClientResp httpClientResp = httpClientManager.postInJson(fullRequestUrl, plainRequestStr);
String plainRespStr = httpClientResp.getRespContent();
log.info("微信API网关[POST]响应, url: [{}], 响应明文:{}", requestUrl, plainRespStr);
R response = FastJsonUtils.toJavaBean(plainRespStr, clazz);
this.processRespCode(response);
return response;
}
throw new UnsupportedOperationException("只支持GET或者POST请求");
}
private <R extends WxApiGatewayBaseVO> void processRespCode(R response) {
if (!Objects.isNull(response.getErrorCode()) && WxApiGatewayErrorCode.SUCCESS != response.getErrorCode()) {
throw new BizException(BizExceptionEnum.WX_GATEWAY_BIZ_ERROR, response.getErrorMsg());
}
}
/**
* 生成URL参数
* @param urlParam URL参数实例
* @return 带?的参数字符串
* @param URL参数泛型
* @throws Exception
*/
private String generateUrlParams(U urlParam) throws Exception {
if (Objects.isNull(urlParam)) {
return StringUtils.EMPTY;
}
Field[] fields = urlParam.getClass().getDeclaredFields();
if (ArrayUtils.isEmpty(fields)) {
return StringUtils.EMPTY;
}
StringBuilder urlPramsBuilder = new StringBuilder("?");
for (Field field : fields) {
field.setAccessible(true);
JSONField jsonField = field.getAnnotation(JSONField.class);
String fieldName = Objects.isNull(jsonField) ? field.getName() : jsonField.name();
Object fieldValue = field.get(urlParam);
if (!Objects.isNull(fieldValue)) {
urlPramsBuilder.append(fieldName).append("=").append(fieldValue).append("&");
}
}
urlPramsBuilder.deleteCharAt(urlPramsBuilder.length() - 1);
return urlPramsBuilder.toString();
}
}

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5、网关核心调用业务类

/**
* 微信API网关调用器，指定消息类型，业务请求参数和响应内容类型即可
* @author Nick Liu
* @date 2024/7/27
*/
@Slf4j
@Service
public class WxApiGatewayInvoker extends AbstractWxApiGatewayInvocationService {
@Override
protected BizException processInvocationException(Exception e) {
if (e instanceof BizException) {
throw (BizException) e;
}
return new BizException(BizExceptionEnum.WX_GATEWAY_SYSTEM_ERROR);
}
/**
* 获取稳定版本接口调用凭证
* @param stableAccessTokenDTO 获取稳定版本Token业务参数
* @return
*/
public StableAccessTokenVO getStableAccessToken(StableAccessTokenDTO stableAccessTokenDTO) {
return super.sendPostToWxApiGateway(WxApiMsgTypeEnum.GET_ACCESS_TOKEN, null, stableAccessTokenDTO, StableAccessTokenVO.class);
}
/**
* 查询API调用额度
* @param genericUrlParamsDTO
* @param apiQuotaDTO
* @return
*/
public ApiQuotaVO getApiQuota(GenericUrlParamsDTO genericUrlParamsDTO, ApiQuotaDTO apiQuotaDTO) {
return super.sendPostToWxApiGateway(WxApiMsgTypeEnum.GET_API_QUOTA, genericUrlParamsDTO, apiQuotaDTO, ApiQuotaVO.class);
}
/**
* 查询域名配置
* @param genericUrlParamsDTO
* @param domainInfoDTO
* @return
*/
public DomainInfoVO getDomainInfo(GenericUrlParamsDTO genericUrlParamsDTO, DomainInfoDTO domainInfoDTO){
return super.sendPostToWxApiGateway(WxApiMsgTypeEnum.GET_DOMAIN_INFO, genericUrlParamsDTO, domainInfoDTO, DomainInfoVO.class);
}
/**
* 小程序登录接口
* @param miniProgramLoginDTO 小程序登录接口业务参数
* @return
*/
public MiniProgramLoginVO login(MiniProgramLoginDTO miniProgramLoginDTO) {
return super.sendGetToWxApiGateway(WxApiMsgTypeEnum.GET_ACCESS_TOKEN, miniProgramLoginDTO, MiniProgramLoginVO.class);
}
}

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六、测试用例

1、application.yml

# http client configuration
http:
client:
max-total: 500 # 连接池最大连接数
default-max-per-route: 100 # 每个路由最大连接数
max-idle-time: 5s # 连接最大空闲时间
connection-request-timeout: 3s # 从连接池获取连接超时时间
connection-timeout: 5s # 与服务端建立连接超时时间
socket-timeout: 10s # 客户端从服务器读取数据超时时间
# 微信API网关配置
wx:
gateway:
host: https://api.weixin.qq.com
app-id: appId
app-secret: appSecret
# 对称密钥证书编号
symmetric-sn: xxx
# 非对称密钥证书编号
asymmetric-sn: xxx
# AES秘钥
aes-key: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
# 加签私钥
private-key: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
# 验签证书
certificate: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

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2、相干业务类

1) 获取稳固版接口调用凭据

(1) StableAccessTokenDTO

@Data
@Builder
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class StableAccessTokenDTO extends WxApiGatewayBaseDTO {
/**
* 填写固定值 client_credential
*/
@JSONField(name = "grant_type")
private String grantType = "client_credential";
/**
* 账号唯一凭证，即 AppID
*/
@JSONField(name = "appid")
private String appId;
/**
* 账号唯一凭证密钥，即 AppSecret
*/
private String secret;
/**
* 默认使用 false。
* 1. force_refresh = false 时为普通调用模式，access_token 有效期内重复调用该接口不会更新 access_token；
* 2. 当force_refresh = true 时为强制刷新模式，会导致上次获取的 access_token 失效，并返回新的 access_token
*/
@JSONField(name = "force_refresh")
private boolean forceRefresh;
}

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(2) StableAccessTokenVO

@Data
@Builder
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class StableAccessTokenVO extends WxApiGatewayBaseVO {
/**
* 获取到的凭证
*/
@JSONField(name = "access_token")
private String accessToken;
/**
* 凭证有效时间，单位：秒。目前是7200秒之内的值。
*/
@JSONField(name = "expires_in")
private Integer expiresIn;
}

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2) 查询小程序域名设置信息

(1) DomainInfoDTO

@Data
@Builder
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class DomainInfoDTO extends WxApiGatewayBaseDTO {
/**
* 查询配置域名的类型, 可选值如下：
* 1. getbizdomain 返回业务域名
* 2. getserverdomain 返回服务器域名
* 3. 不指明返回全部
*/
private String action;
}

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(2) DomainInfoVO

@Data
@Builder
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class DomainInfoVO extends WxApiGatewayBaseVO {
@JSONField(name = "requestdomain")
private List<String> requestDomain;
}

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3、WxApiGatewayController

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/wx/api")
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class WxApiGatewayController {
private final WxApiGatewayInvoker wxApiGatewayInvoker;
@PostMapping("/access-token/stable")
public ApiResponse<StableAccessTokenVO> getStableAccessToken(@RequestBody StableAccessTokenDTO stableAccessTokenDTO) {
return ApiResponse.success(wxApiGatewayInvoker.getStableAccessToken(stableAccessTokenDTO));
}
@PostMapping("/domain/info")
public ApiResponse<DomainInfoVO> getApiQuota(@RequestParam String accessToken, @RequestBody DomainInfoDTO domainInfoDTO) {
GenericUrlParamsDTO genericUrlParamsDTO = GenericUrlParamsDTO.builder().accessToken(accessToken).build();
return ApiResponse.success(wxApiGatewayInvoker.getDomainInfo(genericUrlParamsDTO, domainInfoDTO));
}
}

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4、测试结果

(1) 获取稳固版接口调用凭据测试

这个接口不支持安全鉴权，测试结果如下：

(2) 查询小程序域名设置信息测试

这个接口支持安全鉴权，测试结果如下：

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