WPF以其丰富灵活的控件样式设计,相较于WinForm而言,一直是工控组态软件的宠儿。经过上一篇文章的学习,已经对WPF开发工控组态软件有了一个基本的了解, 今天继续学习冷却塔和空气压缩机的开发,仅供学习分享使用,如有不足之处,还请指正。
设计知识点
关于本示例中,涉及的知识点,如下所示:
- 自定义用户控件,用户可以根据业务需要自定义控件,将普通的控件进行组合,封装,以满足特定的功能,并达到复用的目的。
- WPF形状,动画,可以通过选择,移动,变形等相关功能,改变控件的呈现形状。
- 依赖属性,WPF可以通过依赖属性进行数据的绑定,实现UI与业务逻辑的解耦。
冷却塔CoolingTower
冷却塔组成拆解
关于冷却塔的组成部分,经过拆解如下所示:
- 顶部一个经过旋转和缩放的风扇(Path)
- 一个椭圆形(Ellipse)和一个路径形状(Path),使得椭圆看起来像立体一样
- 一个不规则形状多边形(Ploygon)
- 一个四边形(Border),两个圆形指示灯(Border),两个四边形底座(Border),表示前景和侧面。
经过以上分析,不难发现,复杂的图形均是由简单的图形组合起来的。
冷却塔示例截图
冷却塔正常运转时,绿灯亮且风扇转动,异常时红灯亮,且风扇停止。截图如下所示:
冷却塔源码
冷却塔源码分为三个组成部分,如下所示:
1. 控件布局
控件布局主要是排版布局形状等内容。如下所示:- 1 <Viewbox HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center">
- 2 <Canvas Width="205" Height="245" Margin="5">
- 3 <Polygon Points="0,65 40,10 205,10 180,65 " Fill="#EEE"></Polygon>
- 4 <Path Data="M0 0 A60 15 0 0 0 120 0 L120 25 A60 15 0 0 1 0 25" Canvas.Left="45" Canvas.Top="15">
- 5 <Path.Fill>
- 6 <LinearGradientBrush EndPoint="1,0" StartPoint="0,0">
- 7 <GradientStop Color="#FFD6D6D6" Offset="0"></GradientStop>
- 8 <GradientStop Color="White" Offset="0.52"></GradientStop>
- 9 <GradientStop Color="#FFD6D6D6" Offset="1"></GradientStop>
- 10 </LinearGradientBrush>
- 11 </Path.Fill>
- 12 </Path>
- 13 <Ellipse Width="120" Height="30" Fill="#CCC" Canvas.Left="45"></Ellipse>
- 14 <Border Canvas.Left="52" Canvas.Top="-38">
- 15 <Viewbox Width="105" Height="105" RenderTransformOrigin="0.5,0.5">
- 16 <Viewbox.RenderTransform>
- 17 <TransformGroup>
- 18 <RotateTransform Angle="20" x:Name="rt"></RotateTransform>
- 19 <ScaleTransform ScaleY="0.25"></ScaleTransform>
- 20 </TransformGroup>
- 21 </Viewbox.RenderTransform>
- 22 <Path Stretch="Fill" Data="M261.851429 528.822857c-43.885714-24.868571-84.845714-23.405714-121.417143 5.851429-35.108571 26.331429-49.737143 62.902857-43.885715 106.788571 5.851429 38.034286 19.017143 74.605714 40.96 108.251429 21.942857 35.108571 46.811429 59.977143 76.068572 74.605714 78.994286 40.96 147.748571 29.257143 207.725714-35.108571 19.017143-20.48 33.645714-43.885714 46.811429-73.142858 14.628571-32.182857 23.405714-61.44 24.868571-90.697142 0-14.628571 7.314286-21.942857 19.017143-21.942858s19.017143 5.851429 24.868571 16.091429c17.554286 51.2 14.628571 99.474286-10.24 143.36-24.868571 43.885714-21.942857 84.845714 4.388572 119.954286 26.331429 35.108571 62.902857 49.737143 106.788571 42.422857 38.034286-5.851429 74.605714-19.017143 108.251429-40.96 35.108571-21.942857 59.977143-46.811429 74.605714-76.068572 40.96-78.994286 29.257143-147.748571-36.571428-206.262857-20.48-19.017143-43.885714-35.108571-73.142858-48.274285-32.182857-14.628571-61.44-23.405714-90.697142-24.868572-14.628571 0-21.942857-7.314286-21.942858-19.017143s5.851429-20.48 17.554286-23.405714c20.48-7.314286 40.96-11.702857 62.902857-11.702857 27.794286 0 54.125714 7.314286 78.994286 20.48 43.885714 24.868571 84.845714 23.405714 121.417143-4.388572 35.108571-26.331429 49.737143-62.902857 43.885714-106.788571-5.851429-38.034286-19.017143-74.605714-40.96-108.251429-21.942857-35.108571-46.811429-59.977143-76.068571-74.605714-78.994286-40.96-147.748571-29.257143-207.725715 35.108572-19.017143 20.48-33.645714 45.348571-46.811428 73.142857-14.628571 32.182857-23.405714 62.902857-24.868572 90.697143 0 13.165714-7.314286 20.48-19.017142 21.942857s-20.48-5.851429-24.868572-16.091429c-7.314286-20.48-10.24-40.96-10.24-64.365714 0-27.794286 7.314286-54.125714 20.48-78.994286 24.868571-43.885714 21.942857-84.845714-4.388571-119.954286-26.331429-35.108571-61.44-49.737143-105.325715-43.885714-38.034286 5.851429-74.605714 19.017143-108.251428 40.96-35.108571 21.942857-59.977143 46.811429-76.068572 76.068572-40.96 78.994286-29.257143 147.748571 36.571429 207.725714 20.48 19.017143 45.348571 35.108571 73.142857 48.274286 32.182857 14.628571 61.44 21.942857 90.697143 23.405714 14.628571 0 21.942857 7.314286 21.942857 19.017143s-5.851429 20.48-17.554286 24.868571c-49.737143 17.554286-98.011429 14.628571-141.897142-10.24m279.405714-46.811428c8.777143 8.777143 11.702857 17.554286 11.702857 29.257142s-4.388571 21.942857-11.702857 30.72c-8.777143 7.314286-17.554286 11.702857-29.257143 11.702858s-21.942857-4.388571-30.72-11.702858c-8.777143-8.777143-11.702857-19.017143-11.702857-30.72s4.388571-21.942857 11.702857-29.257142c8.777143-8.777143 19.017143-13.165714 30.72-13.165715 11.702857 1.462857 20.48 4.388571 29.257143 13.165715z" Fill="#EEE">
- 23 </Path>
- 24 </Viewbox>
- 25 </Border>
- 26 <Grid Width="180" Height="180" Canvas.Top="65" Background="#E0E0E0">
- 27 <Border VerticalAlignment="Top" Height="140" BorderThickness="10">
- 28 <Border.Background>
- 29 <DrawingBrush TileMode="Tile" ViewportUnits="Absolute" Viewport="1,0,25,1">
- 30 <DrawingBrush.Drawing>
- 31 <GeometryDrawing>
- 32 <GeometryDrawing.Pen>
- 33 <Pen Brush="#EEE"></Pen>
- 34 </GeometryDrawing.Pen>
- 35 <GeometryDrawing.Geometry>
- 36 <PathGeometry>
- 37 <PathFigure>
- 38 <LineSegment Point="10,0"></LineSegment>
- 39 <LineSegment Point="10,10"></LineSegment>
- 40 </PathFigure>
- 41 </PathGeometry>
- 42 </GeometryDrawing.Geometry>
- 43 </GeometryDrawing>
- 44 </DrawingBrush.Drawing>
- 45 </DrawingBrush>
- 46 </Border.Background>
- 47 </Border>
- 48 <Grid Height="50" VerticalAlignment="Bottom">
- 49 <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
- 50 <ColumnDefinition></ColumnDefinition>
- 51 <ColumnDefinition></ColumnDefinition>
- 52 </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
- 53 <Border Background="DarkGray" Grid.Column="0" Margin="5,0"></Border>
- 54 <Border Background="DarkGray" Grid.Column="1" Margin="5,0"></Border>
- 55 </Grid>
- 56 </Grid>
- 57
- 58 <Grid Width="180" Height="180" Canvas.Top="65" Canvas.Left="180" Background="#E0E0E0">
- 59 <Grid.RenderTransform>
- 60 <TransformGroup>
- 61 <ScaleTransform ScaleX="0.139"></ScaleTransform>
- 62 <SkewTransform AngleY="-65.5"></SkewTransform>
- 63 </TransformGroup>
- 64 </Grid.RenderTransform>
- 65 <Border VerticalAlignment="Top" Height="140" BorderThickness="10">
- 66 <Border.Background>
- 67 <DrawingBrush TileMode="Tile" ViewportUnits="Absolute" Viewport="1,0,25,1">
- 68 <DrawingBrush.Drawing>
- 69 <GeometryDrawing>
- 70 <GeometryDrawing.Pen>
- 71 <Pen Brush="#EEE"></Pen>
- 72 </GeometryDrawing.Pen>
- 73 <GeometryDrawing.Geometry>
- 74 <PathGeometry>
- 75 <PathFigure>
- 76 <LineSegment Point="10,0"></LineSegment>
- 77 <LineSegment Point="10,10"></LineSegment>
- 78 </PathFigure>
- 79 </PathGeometry>
- 80 </GeometryDrawing.Geometry>
- 81 </GeometryDrawing>
- 82 </DrawingBrush.Drawing>
- 83 </DrawingBrush>
- 84 </Border.Background>
- 85 </Border>
- 86 <Grid Height="50" VerticalAlignment="Bottom">
- 87 <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
- 88 <ColumnDefinition></ColumnDefinition>
- 89 <ColumnDefinition></ColumnDefinition>
- 90 </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
- 91 <Border Background="DarkGray" Grid.Column="0" Margin="5,0"></Border>
- 92 <Border Background="DarkGray" Grid.Column="1" Margin="5,0"></Border>
- 93 </Grid>
- 94 </Grid>
- 95
- 96 <Border Width="18" Height="18" CornerRadius="10" Canvas.Left="150" Canvas.Top="80">
- 97 <Border.Background>
- 98 <RadialGradientBrush>
- 99 <GradientStop Color="Gray" Offset="0.6" x:Name="gsGreen"></GradientStop>
- 100 <GradientStop Color="White"></GradientStop>
- 101 </RadialGradientBrush>
- 102 </Border.Background>
- 103 </Border>
- 104 <Border Width="18" Height="18" CornerRadius="10" Canvas.Left="150" Canvas.Top="105">
- 105 <Border.Background>
- 106 <RadialGradientBrush>
- 107 <GradientStop Color="Gray" Offset="0.6" x:Name="gsRed"></GradientStop>
- 108 <GradientStop Color="White"></GradientStop>
- 109 </RadialGradientBrush>
- 110 </Border.Background>
- 111 </Border>
- 112 </Canvas>
- 113 </Viewbox>
复制代码 2. 状态管理
冷却塔有两个状态,正常运行状态和异常状态,分别对应不同的呈现。如下所示:- 1 <VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
- 2 <VisualStateGroup>
- 3 <VisualState x:Name="normalState">
- 4 <Storyboard>
- 5 <DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.5" From="0" To="-360" RepeatBehavior="Forever" Storyboard.TargetName="rt" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Angle"></DoubleAnimation>
- 6 <ColorAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="gsGreen" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Color">
- 7 <DiscreteColorKeyFrame Value="Green" KeyTime="0"></DiscreteColorKeyFrame>
- 8 </ColorAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
- 9 </Storyboard>
- 10 </VisualState>
- 11 <VisualState x:Name="errorState">
- 12 <Storyboard>
- 13 <ColorAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="gsRed" RepeatBehavior="Forever" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Color" Duration="0:0:1">
- 14 <DiscreteColorKeyFrame Value="Red" KeyTime="0:0:0.5"></DiscreteColorKeyFrame>
- 15 <DiscreteColorKeyFrame Value="Gray" KeyTime="0:0:1"></DiscreteColorKeyFrame>
- 16 </ColorAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
- 17 </Storyboard>
- 18 </VisualState>
- 19 </VisualStateGroup>
- 20 </VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
复制代码 3. 依赖属性
在本示例中,依赖属性主要用于控制状态,如下所示:- 1 namespace WpfControl.UserControls
- 2 {
- 3 /// <summary>
- 4 /// CoolingTower.xaml 的交互逻辑
- 5 /// </summary>
- 6 public partial class CoolingTower : UserControl
- 7 {
- 8 public RunningState RunningState
- 9 {
- 10 get { return (RunningState)GetValue(RunningStateProperty); }
- 11 set { SetValue(RunningStateProperty, value); }
- 12 }
- 13
- 14 // Using a DependencyProperty as the backing store for RunningState. This enables animation, styling, binding, etc...
- 15 public static readonly DependencyProperty RunningStateProperty =
- 16 DependencyProperty.Register("RunningState", typeof(RunningState), typeof(CoolingTower), new PropertyMetadata(default(RunningState), RunningStateChangedCallback));
- 17
- 18 private static void RunningStateChangedCallback(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
- 19 {
- 20 RunningState value = (RunningState)e.NewValue;
- 21 VisualStateManager.GoToState(d as CoolingTower, value == RunningState.Normal ? "normalState" : "errorState", false);
- 22 }
- 23 public CoolingTower()
- 24 {
- 25 InitializeComponent();
- 26 }
- 27 }
- 28 }
复制代码 4. 调用示例
组件写好后,调用非常简单,如下所示:- 1 <Window x:Class="WpfControl.TestWindow2"
- 2 xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
- 3 xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
- 4 xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
- 5 xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
- 6 xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfControl"
- 7 xmlns:uctrl="clr-namespace:WpfControl.UserControls"
- 8 mc:Ignorable="d"
- 9 Title="冷却塔" Height="450" Width="800">
- 10 <Grid>
- 11 <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
- 12 <ColumnDefinition></ColumnDefinition>
- 13 <ColumnDefinition></ColumnDefinition>
- 14 </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
- 15 <uctrl:CoolingTower Grid.Column="0" RunningState="Error" Width="100" Height="100"></uctrl:CoolingTower>
- 16 <uctrl:CoolingTower Grid.Column="1" RunningState="Normal" Width="100" Height="100"></uctrl:CoolingTower>
- 17 </Grid>
- 18 </Window>
复制代码
空气压缩机AirCompresser
空气压缩机功能拆解
关于空气压缩式机的组成部分,经过拆解如下所示:
- 左侧一个四边形(Path)
- 顶部一个四边形(Path)
- 前景一个四边形(Path),两条线(Line)
- 两个小圆点(Ellipse)
- 底部一个四边形(Border)
- 右上角指示灯(Ellipse)
经过以上分析,不难发现,空气压缩机均是由简单的图形组合起来的。
空气压缩机示例截图
空气压缩式机同样包括两种状态,正常状态,绿灯亮和异常状态,红灯闪烁。示例截图如下所示:
空气压缩机源码
空气压缩机源码分为三个组成部分,如下所示:
1. 页面布局
页面布局主要进行控件的排版,如下所示:- 1 <Viewbox Stretch="Fill">
- 2 <Grid>
- 3 <Path x:Name="left" Data="M0,0,0,200,80,300,80,70" Fill="Gray"></Path>
- 4 <Path x:Name="top" Data="M0,0,80,70,400,60,320 -10" Fill="Gray"></Path>
- 5 <Path x:Name="front" Data="M80,300,80,70,400,60,400,280" Fill="LightGray"></Path>
- 6 <Line x:Name="l1" X1="180" X2="180" Y1="66" Y2="280" StrokeThickness="1" Stroke="Gray"></Line>
- 7 <Line x:Name="l2" X1="280" X2="280" Y1="66" Y2="280" StrokeThickness="1" Stroke="Gray"></Line>
- 8 <Ellipse x:Name="c1" Width="10" Height="10" Fill="DarkGray"></Ellipse>
- 9 <Ellipse x:Name="c2" Width="10" Height="10" Fill="DarkGray" Margin="0,3,80,0"></Ellipse>
- 10 <Border x:Name="bottom" Height="22" Background="DarkGray" Margin="80,0,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Bottom">
- 11 <Border.RenderTransform>
- 12 <SkewTransform AngleY="-4"></SkewTransform>
- 13 </Border.RenderTransform>
- 14 </Border>
- 15 <Ellipse x:Name="alarm" Width="18" Height="18" Margin="0,80,10,0" HorizontalAlignment="Right" VerticalAlignment="Top">
- 16 <Ellipse.Fill>
- 17 <SolidColorBrush Color="LightGray"></SolidColorBrush>
- 18 </Ellipse.Fill>
- 19 </Ellipse>
- 20 </Grid>
- 21 </Viewbox>
复制代码 2. 状态管理
空气压缩机主要有两种状态,分别表示不同的运行情况,如下所示:- 1 <VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
- 2 <VisualStateGroup>
- 3 <VisualState x:Name="errorState">
- 4 <Storyboard RepeatBehavior="Forever">
- 5 <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.5" From="White" To="Red" BeginTime="0:0:0" Storyboard.TargetName="alarm" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Fill.Color"></ColorAnimation>
- 6 </Storyboard>
- 7 </VisualState>
- 8 <VisualState x:Name="normalSate">
- 9 <Storyboard RepeatBehavior="Forever">
- 10 <ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" From="LightGreen" To="LightGreen" BeginTime="0:0:0" Storyboard.TargetName="alarm" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Fill.Color"></ColorAnimation>
- 11 </Storyboard>
- 12 </VisualState>
- 13 </VisualStateGroup>
- 14 </VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
复制代码 3. 依赖属性
空气压缩机的依赖属性和冷却塔相似,如下所示:- 1 namespace WpfControl.UserControls
- 2 {
- 3 /// <summary>
- 4 /// AirCompresser.xaml 的交互逻辑
- 5 /// </summary>
- 6 public partial class AirCompresser : UserControl
- 7 {
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12 public RunningState RunningState
- 13 {
- 14 get { return (RunningState)GetValue(RunningStateProperty); }
- 15 set { SetValue(RunningStateProperty, value); }
- 16 }
- 17
- 18 // Using a DependencyProperty as the backing store for RunningState. This enables animation, styling, binding, etc...
- 19 public static readonly DependencyProperty RunningStateProperty =
- 20 DependencyProperty.Register("RunningState", typeof(RunningState), typeof(AirCompresser), new PropertyMetadata(default(RunningState),RunningStateChangedCallback));
- 21
- 22 private static void RunningStateChangedCallback(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
- 23 {
- 24 RunningState value = (RunningState)e.NewValue;
- 25 VisualStateManager.GoToState(d as AirCompresser, value == RunningState.Error ? "errorState" : "normalSate", false);
- 26 }
- 27
- 28 public AirCompresser()
- 29 {
- 30 InitializeComponent();
- 31 }
- 32 }
- 33 }
复制代码 4. 调用示例
调用空气压缩机示例,如下所示:- 1 <Window x:Class="WpfControl.TestWindow"
- 2 xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
- 3 xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
- 4 xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
- 5 xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
- 6 xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfControl"
- 7 xmlns:uctrl="clr-namespace:WpfControl.UserControls"
- 8 mc:Ignorable="d"
- 9 Title="空气压缩机示例" Height="450" Width="800">
- 10 <Grid>
- 11 <uctrl:AirCompresser Width="150" Height="100" RunningState="Error" Margin="10,10,0,0" HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Top"></uctrl:AirCompresser>
- 12 <uctrl:AirCompresser Width="150" Height="100" RunningState="Normal" Margin="50,200,0,0" HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Top"></uctrl:AirCompresser>
- 13 <uctrl:AirCompresser Width="150" Height="100" RunningState="Normal" Margin="0,0,10,10" HorizontalAlignment="Right" VerticalAlignment="Bottom"></uctrl:AirCompresser>
- 14 <uctrl:AirCompresser Width="150" Height="100" RunningState="Error" Margin="0,0,50,200" HorizontalAlignment="Right" VerticalAlignment="Bottom"></uctrl:AirCompresser>
- 15 </Grid>
- 16 </Window>
复制代码 备注
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