目次
- 1. 缘起
- 2. 部署nginx
- 3. 测试
- 3.1 http测试
- 3.2 https测试
- 4 给centos设置代理访问外网
1. 缘起
最近遇到了一个麻烦事情,就是公司的centos测试服务器放在内网情况,而且不能直接上外网,导致无法通过yum安装软件,非常捉急。
幸好,内网还是有可以可以访问外网的机器,所以就想到应该可以利用nginx搭建一个代理服务器,然后centos通过这个nginx来访问外网。当然,假如只是代理http还是很简单的,而要代理https还是需要稍费周折,因为nginx自己不能部署被代理的网站的证书,不能部署成https终结点来,因此与被代理客户端之间不能用ssl协议通讯,因此需要通过http协议中的CONNECT哀求买通和外网的连接,然后客户端到nginx走明文,nginx到外网走https协议。这里需要用到ngx_http_proxy_connect_module模块来实现CONNECT的代理功能。
2. 部署nginx
- 步调1: 从nginx官网下载nginx源码包。
- 步调2: 因为nginx原生是不支持CONNECT哀求的,需要安装一个扩展插件,即ngx_http_proxy_connect_module,从github下载ngx_http_proxy_connect_module,另外还要下载一个nginx内核补丁。
- 步调3: 解压nginx源码包,进入nginx源码目次,创建modules目次(mkdir modules)。
- 步调4: 将ngx_http_proxy_connect_module源码目次放到modules目次中。
- 步调5: 将nginx内核补丁放到nginx源码目次,姑且名字叫p1.patch
- 步调6: 在nginx源码目次,执行以下下令给nginx内核打上补丁:
- 步调7:编译nginx,这里假设nginx安装到/opt/nginx目次中(在编译前确认pcre、zlib、openssl的库是否已经正常安装),编译下令如下:
./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx --with-http_ssl_module -add-module=./modules/ngx_http_proxy_connect_module
make & make install
- 步调8:配置nginx
配置文件如下:
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
- #log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
- # '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
- # '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
- #access_log logs/access.log main;
- sendfile on;
- keepalive_timeout 65;
复制代码 server {
# 代理端口
listen 8080;
server_name localhost;
- # 解析被代理网站域名的dns服务器,根据实际情况自行配置
- resolver 114.114.114.114;
-
- # 开启proxy connect功能
- proxy_connect;
-
- # 设置允许代理的目标端口为443,即https的默认端口
- proxy_connect_allow 443 80;
- location / {
-
- # 正向代理配置,根据请求地址自动解析出目标网站地址并进行代理
- proxy_pass $scheme://$host$request_uri;
-
- # 发送到被代理网站的请求需要添加host头
- proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
-
- proxy_buffers 256 4k;
- proxy_max_temp_file_size 0;
- proxy_connect_timeout 30;
- }
- }
复制代码 }
以上配置完成后,通过nginx的8080端口,既可以代理普通http的哀求,也可以代理https的哀求。
- 步调9:启动nginx
执行/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx,启动nginx
3. 测试
3.1 http测试
- curl "http://www.baidu.com/" -x 127.0.0.1:8080 -v
复制代码 响应内容:
- * Trying 127.0.0.1:8080...
- * Connected to (nil) (127.0.0.1) port 8080 (#0)
- > GET http://www.baidu.com/ HTTP/1.1
- > Host: www.baidu.com
- > User-Agent: curl/7.81.0
- > Accept: */*
- > Proxy-Connection: Keep-Alive
- >
- * Mark bundle as not supporting multiuse
- < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
- < Server: nginx/1.24.0
- < Date: Fri, 23 Feb 2024 09:08:01 GMT
- < Content-Type: text/html
- < Content-Length: 2381
- < Connection: keep-alive
- < Accept-Ranges: bytes
- < Cache-Control: private, no-cache, no-store, proxy-revalidate, no-transform
- < Etag: "588604eb-94d"
- < Last-Modified: Mon, 23 Jan 2017 13:28:11 GMT
- < Pragma: no-cache
- < Set-Cookie: BDORZ=27315; max-age=86400; domain=.baidu.com; path=/
- <
- <!DOCTYPE html>
- <!--STATUS OK--><html> <head><meta http-equiv=content-type content=text/html;charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=X-UA-Compatible content=IE=Edge><meta content=always name=referrer><link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=http://s1.bdstatic.com/r/www/cache/bdorz/baidu.min.css><title>百度一下,你就知道</title></head> <body link=#0000cc> <div id=wrapper> <div id=head> <div class=head_wrapper> <div class=s_form> <div class=s_form_wrapper> <div id=lg> <img hidefocus=true src=//www.baidu.com/img/bd_logo1.png width=270 height=129> </div> <form id=form name=f action=//www.baidu.com/s class=fm> <input type=hidden name=bdorz_come value=1> <input type=hidden name=ie value=utf-8> <input type=hidden name=f value=8> <input type=hidden name=rsv_bp value=1> <input type=hidden name=rsv_idx value=1> <input type=hidden name=tn value=baidu><span class="bg s_ipt_wr"><input id=kw name=wd class=s_ipt value maxlength=255 autocomplete=off autofocus></span><span class="bg s_btn_wr"><input type=submit id=su value=百度一下 class="bg s_btn"></span> </form> </div> </div> <div id=u1> <a href=http://news.baidu.com name=tj_trnews class=mnav>新闻</a> <a href=http://www.hao123.com name=tj_trhao123 class=mnav>hao123</a> <a href=http://map.baidu.com name=tj_trmap class=mnav>地图</a> <a href=http://v.baidu.com name=tj_trvideo class=mnav>视频</a> <a href=http://tieba.baidu.com name=tj_trtieba class=mnav>贴吧</a> <noscript> <a href=http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2f%3fbdorz_come%3d1 name=tj_login class=lb>登录</a> </noscript> <script>document.write('<a href="http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u='+ encodeURIComponent(window.location.href+ (window.location.search === "" ? "?" : "&")+ "bdorz_come=1")+ '" name="tj_login" class="lb">登录</a>');</script> <a href=//www.baidu.com/more/ name=tj_briicon class=bri style="display: block;">更多产品</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id=ftCon> <div id=ftConw> <p id=lh> <a href=http://home.baidu.com>关于百度</a> <a href=http://ir.baidu.com>About Baidu</a> </p> <p id=cp>©2017 Baidu <a href=http://www.baidu.com/duty/>使用百度前必读</a> <a href=http://jianyi.baidu.com/ class=cp-feedback>意见反馈</a> 京ICP证030173号 <img src=//www.baidu.com/img/gs.gif> </p> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>
复制代码 通过以上的输出可以看到http代理是没有通过CONNECT哀求举行连接的,响应正常。
3.2 https测试
- curl "https://www.baidu.com/" -x 127.0.0.1:8080 -v
- * Trying 127.0.0.1:8080...
- * Connected to (nil) (127.0.0.1) port 8080 (#0)
- * allocate connect buffer!
- * Establish HTTP proxy tunnel to www.baidu.com:443
- > CONNECT www.baidu.com:443 HTTP/1.1
- > Host: www.baidu.com:443
- > User-Agent: curl/7.81.0
- > Proxy-Connection: Keep-Alive
- >
- < HTTP/1.1 200 Connection Established
- < Proxy-agent: nginx
- <
- * Proxy replied 200 to CONNECT request
- * CONNECT phase completed!
- * ALPN, offering h2
- * ALPN, offering http/1.1
- * CAfile: /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
- * CApath: /etc/ssl/certs
- * TLSv1.0 (OUT), TLS header, Certificate Status (22):
- * TLSv1.3 (OUT), TLS handshake, Client hello (1):
- * TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS header, Certificate Status (22):
- * TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Server hello (2):
- * TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS header, Certificate Status (22):
- * TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Certificate (11):
- * TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS header, Certificate Status (22):
- * TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Server key exchange (12):
- * TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS header, Certificate Status (22):
- * TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Server finished (14):
- * TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS header, Certificate Status (22):
- * TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS handshake, Client key exchange (16):
- * TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS header, Finished (20):
- * TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS change cipher, Change cipher spec (1):
- * TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS header, Certificate Status (22):
- * TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS handshake, Finished (20):
- * TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS header, Finished (20):
- * TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS header, Certificate Status (22):
- * TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Finished (20):
- * SSL connection using TLSv1.2 / ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256
- * ALPN, server accepted to use http/1.1
- * Server certificate:
- * subject: C=CN; ST=beijing; L=beijing; O=Beijing Baidu Netcom Science Technology Co., Ltd; CN=baidu.com
- * start date: Jul 6 01:51:06 2023 GMT
- * expire date: Aug 6 01:51:05 2024 GMT
- * subjectAltName: host "www.baidu.com" matched cert's "*.baidu.com"
- * issuer: C=BE; O=GlobalSign nv-sa; CN=GlobalSign RSA OV SSL CA 2018
- * SSL certificate verify ok.
- * TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS header, Supplemental data (23):
- > GET / HTTP/1.1
- > Host: www.baidu.com
- > User-Agent: curl/7.81.0
- > Accept: */*
- >
- * TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS header, Supplemental data (23):
- * Mark bundle as not supporting multiuse
- < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
- < Accept-Ranges: bytes
- < Cache-Control: private, no-cache, no-store, proxy-revalidate, no-transform
- < Connection: keep-alive
- < Content-Length: 2443
- < Content-Type: text/html
- < Date: Fri, 23 Feb 2024 09:11:25 GMT
- < Etag: "58860410-98b"
- < Last-Modified: Mon, 23 Jan 2017 13:24:32 GMT
- < Pragma: no-cache
- < Server: bfe/1.0.8.18
- < Set-Cookie: BDORZ=27315; max-age=86400; domain=.baidu.com; path=/
- <
- <!DOCTYPE html>
- * TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS header, Supplemental data (23):
- * TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS header, Supplemental data (23):
- <!--STATUS OK--><html> <head><meta http-equiv=content-type content=text/html;charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=X-UA-Compatible content=IE=Edge><meta content=always name=referrer><link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=https://ss1.bdstatic.com/5eN1bjq8AAUYm2zgoY3K/r/www/cache/bdorz/baidu.min.css><title>百度一下,你就知道</title></head> <body link=#0000cc> <div id=wrapper> <div id=head> <div class=head_wrapper> <div class=s_form> <div class=s_form_wrapper> <div id=lg> <img hidefocus=true src=//www.baidu.com/img/bd_logo1.png width=270 height=129> </div> <form id=form name=f action=//www.baidu.com/s class=fm> <input type=hidden name=bdorz_come value=1> <input type=hidden name=ie value=utf-8> <input type=hidden name=f value=8> <input type=hidden name=rsv_bp value=1> <input type=hidden name=rsv_idx value=1> <input type=hidden name=tn value=baidu><span class="bg s_ipt_wr"><input id=kw name=wd class=s_ipt value maxlength=255 autocomplete=off autofocus=autofocus></span><span class="bg s_btn_wr"><input type=submit id=su value=百度一下 class="bg s_btn" autofocus></span> </form> </div> </div> <div id=u1> <a href=http://news.baidu.com name=tj_trnews class=mnav>新闻</a> <a href=https://www.hao123.com name=tj_trhao123 class=mnav>hao123</a> <a href=http://map.baidu.com name=tj_trmap class=mnav>地图</a> <a href=http://v.baidu.com name=tj_trvideo class=mnav>视频</a> <a href=http://tieba.baidu.com name=tj_trtieba class=mnav>贴吧</a> <noscript> <a href=http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2f%3fbdorz_come%3d1 name=tj_login class=lb>登录</a> </noscript> <script>document.write('<a href="http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u='+ encodeURIComponent(window.location.href+ (window.location.search === "" ? "?" : "&")+ "bdorz_come=1")+ '" name="tj_login" class="lb">登录</a>');
- </script> <a href=//www.baidu.com/more/ name=tj_briicon class=bri style="display: block;">更多产品</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id=ftCon> <div id=ftConw> <p id=lh> <a href=http://home.baidu.com>关于百度</a> <a href=http://ir.baidu.com>About Baidu</a> </p> <p id=cp>©2017 Baidu <a href=http://www.baidu.com/duty/>使用百度前必读</a> <a href=http://jianyi.baidu.com/ class=cp-feedback>意见反馈</a> 京ICP证030173号 <img src=//www.baidu.com/img/gs.gif> </p> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>
复制代码 通过以上的输出可以看到https代理是通过CONNECT哀求举行连接的,中心有发生ssl的握手过程,也已经正常举行了响应。
4 给centos设置代理访问外网
给centos服务器设置两个http_proxy和https_proxy情况变量,假设nginx服务器的ip为192.168.0.1,那么在下令行执行以下两条下令,即:
- export http_proxy="http://192.168.0.1:8080"
- export https_proxy="https://192.168.0.1:8080"
复制代码 然后就可以顺畅地举行yum了。当然,假如可以的话,就将以上两条下令配置到bash.rc中,这样子免得每次登录都需要敲下令。
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