本文通过IDistributedCache的接口方法,实现Redis与MemoryCache统一帮助类。只需要在配置文件中简单的配置一下,就可以实现Redis与MemoryCache的切换。
目录
IDistributedCache
IDistributedCache 方法:
方法说明Get(String)获取具有给定键的值。GetAsync(String, CancellationToken)获取具有给定键的值。Refresh(String)基于缓存中某个值的键刷新该值,并重置其可调到期超时(如果有)。RefreshAsync(String, CancellationToken)基于缓存中某个值的键刷新该值,并重置其可调到期超时(如果有)。Remove(String)删除具有给定键的值。RemoveAsync(String, CancellationToken)删除具有给定键的值。Set(String, Byte[], DistributedCacheEntryOptions)设置具有给定键的值。SetAsync(String, Byte[], DistributedCacheEntryOptions, CancellationToken)设置具有给定键的值。IDistributedCache 还提供了一些扩展方法,本文的帮助类就是通过扩展方法完成的。
IDistributedCache 扩展方法:
方法说明GetString(IDistributedCache, String)使用指定的键从指定的缓存中获取字符串。GetStringAsync(IDistributedCache, String, CancellationToken)使用指定的键从指定的缓存异步获取字符串。Set(IDistributedCache, String, Byte[])使用指定的键设置指定缓存中的字节序列。SetAsync(IDistributedCache, String, Byte[], CancellationToken)使用指定的键异步设置指定缓存中的字节序列。SetString(IDistributedCache, String, String)使用指定的键在指定的缓存中设置字符串。SetString(IDistributedCache, String, String, DistributedCacheEntryOptions)使用指定的键在指定的缓存中设置字符串。SetStringAsync(IDistributedCache, String, String, DistributedCacheEntryOptions, CancellationToken)使用指定的键在指定的缓存中异步设置字符串。SetStringAsync(IDistributedCache, String, String, CancellationToken)使用指定的键在指定的缓存中异步设置字符串。ICache 接口
ICache接口提供了设置缓存、获取缓存、删除缓存和刷新缓存的接口方法。- namespace CacheHelper
- {
- public interface ICache
- {
- #region 设置缓存
- /// <summary>
- /// 设置缓存
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="key">缓存Key</param>
- /// <param name="value">值</param>
- void SetCache(string key, object value);
- /// <summary>
- /// 设置缓存
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="key">缓存Key</param>
- /// <param name="value">值</param>
- Task SetCacheAsync(string key, object value);
- /// <summary>
- /// 设置缓存
- /// 注:默认过期类型为绝对过期
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="key">缓存Key</param>
- /// <param name="value">值</param>
- /// <param name="timeout">过期时间间隔</param>
- void SetCache(string key, object value, TimeSpan timeout);
- /// <summary>
- /// 设置缓存
- /// 注:默认过期类型为绝对过期
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="key">缓存Key</param>
- /// <param name="value">值</param>
- /// <param name="timeout">过期时间间隔</param>
- Task SetCacheAsync(string key, object value, TimeSpan timeout);
- /// <summary>
- /// 设置缓存
- /// 注:默认过期类型为绝对过期
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="key">缓存Key</param>
- /// <param name="value">值</param>
- /// <param name="timeout">过期时间间隔</param>
- /// <param name="expireType">过期类型</param>
- void SetCache(string key, object value, TimeSpan timeout, ExpireType expireType);
- /// <summary>
- /// 设置缓存
- /// 注:默认过期类型为绝对过期
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="key">缓存Key</param>
- /// <param name="value">值</param>
- /// <param name="timeout">过期时间间隔</param>
- /// <param name="expireType">过期类型</param>
- Task SetCacheAsync(string key, object value, TimeSpan timeout, ExpireType expireType);
- #endregion
- #region 获取缓存
- /// <summary>
- /// 获取缓存
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="key">缓存Key</param>
- string GetCache(string key);
- /// <summary>
- /// 获取缓存
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="key">缓存Key</param>
- Task<string> GetCacheAsync(string key);
- /// <summary>
- /// 获取缓存
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="key">缓存Key</param>
- T GetCache<T>(string key);
- /// <summary>
- /// 获取缓存
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="key">缓存Key</param>
- Task<T> GetCacheAsync<T>(string key);
- #endregion
- #region 删除缓存
- /// <summary>
- /// 清除缓存
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="key">缓存Key</param>
- void RemoveCache(string key);
- /// <summary>
- /// 清除缓存
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="key">缓存Key</param>
- Task RemoveCacheAsync(string key);
- #endregion
- #region 刷新缓存
- /// <summary>
- /// 刷新缓存
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="key">缓存Key</param>
- void RefreshCache(string key);
- /// <summary>
- /// 刷新缓存
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="key">缓存Key</param>
- Task RefreshCacheAsync(string key);
- #endregion
- }
- }
复制代码 ExpireType枚举
ExpireType枚举标识缓存的过期类型,分为绝对过期与相对过期两个类型。
绝对过期:即自创建一段时间后就过期
相对过期:即该键未被访问后一段时间后过期,若此键一直被访问则过期时间自动延长。- namespace CacheHelper
- {
- public enum ExpireType
- {
- /// <summary>
- /// 绝对过期
- /// 注:即自创建一段时间后就过期
- /// </summary>
- Absolute,
- /// <summary>
- /// 相对过期
- /// 注:即该键未被访问后一段时间后过期,若此键一直被访问则过期时间自动延长
- /// </summary>
- Relative,
- }
- }
复制代码 CacheType 枚举
是使用MemoryCache,还是Redis,MemoryCache不支持分布式,Redis支持分布式。- namespace CacheHelper
- {
- public enum CacheType
- {
- /// <summary>
- /// 使用内存缓存(不支持分布式)
- /// </summary>
- Memory,
- /// <summary>
- /// 使用Redis缓存(支持分布式)
- /// </summary>
- Redis
- }
- }
复制代码 CacheHelper 缓存帮助类
- namespace CacheHelper
- {
- public class CacheHelper : ICache
- {
- readonly IDistributedCache _cache;
- public CacheHelper(IDistributedCache cache)
- {
- _cache = cache;
- }
- protected string BuildKey(string idKey)
- {
- return $"Cache_{GetType().FullName}_{idKey}";
- }
- public void SetCache(string key, object value)
- {
- string cacheKey = BuildKey(key);
- _cache.SetString(cacheKey, value.ToJson());
- }
- public async Task SetCacheAsync(string key, object value)
- {
- string cacheKey = BuildKey(key);
- await _cache.SetStringAsync(cacheKey, value.ToJson());
- }
- public void SetCache(string key, object value, TimeSpan timeout)
- {
- string cacheKey = BuildKey(key);
- _cache.SetString(cacheKey, value.ToJson(), new DistributedCacheEntryOptions
- {
- AbsoluteExpiration = new DateTimeOffset(DateTime.Now + timeout)
- });
- }
- public async Task SetCacheAsync(string key, object value, TimeSpan timeout)
- {
- string cacheKey = BuildKey(key);
- await _cache.SetStringAsync(cacheKey, value.ToJson(), new DistributedCacheEntryOptions
- {
- AbsoluteExpiration = new DateTimeOffset(DateTime.Now + timeout)
- });
- }
- public void SetCache(string key, object value, TimeSpan timeout, ExpireType expireType)
- {
- string cacheKey = BuildKey(key);
- if (expireType == ExpireType.Absolute)
- {
- //这里没转换标准时间,Linux时区会有问题?
- _cache.SetString(cacheKey, value.ToJson(), new DistributedCacheEntryOptions
- {
- AbsoluteExpiration = new DateTimeOffset(DateTime.Now + timeout)
- });
- }
- else
- {
- _cache.SetString(cacheKey, value.ToJson(), new DistributedCacheEntryOptions
- {
- AbsoluteExpirationRelativeToNow = timeout
- });
- }
- }
- public async Task SetCacheAsync(string key, object value, TimeSpan timeout, ExpireType expireType)
- {
- string cacheKey = BuildKey(key);
- if (expireType == ExpireType.Absolute)
- {
- //这里没转换标准时间,Linux时区会有问题?
- await _cache.SetStringAsync(cacheKey, value.ToJson(), new DistributedCacheEntryOptions
- {
- AbsoluteExpiration = new DateTimeOffset(DateTime.Now + timeout)
- });
- }
- else
- {
- await _cache.SetStringAsync(cacheKey, value.ToJson(), new DistributedCacheEntryOptions
- {
- AbsoluteExpirationRelativeToNow = timeout
- });
- }
- }
- public string GetCache(string idKey)
- {
- if (idKey.IsNullOrEmpty())
- {
- return null;
- }
- string cacheKey = BuildKey(idKey);
- var cache = _cache.GetString(cacheKey);
- return cache;
- }
- public async Task<string> GetCacheAsync(string key)
- {
- if (key.IsNullOrEmpty())
- {
- return null;
- }
- string cacheKey = BuildKey(key);
- var cache = await _cache.GetStringAsync(cacheKey);
- return cache;
- }
- public T GetCache<T>(string key)
- {
- var cache = GetCache(key);
- if (!cache.IsNullOrEmpty())
- {
- return cache.ToObject<T>();
- }
- return default(T);
- }
- public async Task<T> GetCacheAsync<T>(string key)
- {
- var cache = await GetCacheAsync(key);
- if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(cache))
- {
- return cache.ToObject<T>();
- }
- return default(T);
- }
- public void RemoveCache(string key)
- {
- _cache.Remove(BuildKey(key));
- }
- public async Task RemoveCacheAsync(string key)
- {
- await _cache.RemoveAsync(BuildKey(key));
- }
- public void RefreshCache(string key)
- {
- _cache.Refresh(BuildKey(key));
- }
- public async Task RefreshCacheAsync(string key)
- {
- await _cache.RefreshAsync(BuildKey(key));
- }
- }
- }
复制代码 CacheHelper 中,自定义了一个string的扩展方法ToObject()。ToObject()扩展方法使用了 Newtonsoft.Json。- /// <summary>
- /// 将Json字符串反序列化为对象
- /// </summary>
- /// <typeparam name="T">对象类型</typeparam>
- /// <param name="jsonStr">Json字符串</param>
- /// <returns></returns>
- public static T ToObject<T>(this string jsonStr)
- {
- return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<T>(jsonStr);
- }
复制代码 CacheHelper 的使用方法
安装Redis依赖
Redis依赖我使用的是Caching.CSRedis,安装依赖:- PM> Install-Package Caching.CSRedis -Version 3.6.90
复制代码 配置appsettings.json
在appsettings.json中,对缓存进行配置:- "Cache": {
- "CacheType": "Memory", // "Memory OR Redis"
- "RedisEndpoint": "127.0.0.1:6379" //Redis节点地址,定义详见 https://github.com/2881099/csredis
- },
复制代码 如果要使用MemoryCache,CacheType就设置为Memory,如果要使用Redis,CacheType就设置为Redis。如果设置为Redis的话,还需要配置RedisEndpoint,保证Redis节点可用。
CacheOptions配置
编写一个名为CacheOptions的类。用于获取配置文件的配置节内容- namespace CacheHelper
- {
- public class CacheOptions
- {
- public CacheType CacheType { get; set; }
- public string RedisEndpoint { get; set; }
- }
- }
复制代码 IHostBuilder扩展方法UseCache
编写一个IHostBuilder的扩展方法UseCache,用于注入MemoryCache或是Redis- public static IHostBuilder UseCache(this IHostBuilder hostBuilder)
- {
- hostBuilder.ConfigureServices((buidlerContext, services) =>
- {
- var cacheOption = buidlerContext.Configuration.GetSection("Cache").Get<CacheOptions>();
- switch (cacheOption.CacheType)
- {
- case CacheType.Memory: services.AddDistributedMemoryCache(); break;
- case CacheType.Redis:
- {
- var csredis = new CSRedisClient(cacheOption.RedisEndpoint);
- RedisHelper.Initialization(csredis);
- services.AddSingleton(csredis);
- services.AddSingleton<IDistributedCache>(new CSRedisCache(RedisHelper.Instance));
- }; break;
- default: throw new Exception("缓存类型无效");
- }
- });
- return hostBuilder;
- }
复制代码 Program.cs中引用
- var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
- builder.Host.UseCache();
复制代码 CacheHelper的使用。
- public class HomeController
- {
- readonly ICache _cache;
- public HomeController
- (
- ICache cache,
- )
- {
- _cache = cache;
- }
-
- public async Task CacheTest(string key)
- {
- string cache_value = "hello cache";
- //同步方法
- _cache.SetCache(key,cache_value );
- string v = _cache.GetCache<string>(key);
- _cache.RemoveCache(key);
- //异步方法
- await _cache.SetCacheAsync(key,cache_value );
- string val = await _cache.GetCacheAsync<string>(key);
- await _cache.RemoveCacheAsync(key);
- }
- }
复制代码 总结
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