前言:作者查阅了Sentinel官网、51CTO、CSDN、码农家园、博客园等很多技术文章都没有很准确的springmvc集成Sentinel的示例,因此整理了本文,主要介绍SpringMvc集成Sentinel
SpringMvc集成Sentinel
一、Sentinel 介绍
随着微服务的流行,服务和服务之间的稳定性变得越来越重要。Sentinel 是面向分布式、多语言异构化服务架构的流量治理组件,主要以流量为切入点,从流量路由、流量控制、流量整形、熔断降级、系统自适应过载保护、热点流量防护等多个维度来帮助开发者保障微服务的稳定性。
GitHub主页:https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel
中文文档:https://sentinelguard.io/zh-cn/docs/introduction.html
控制台文档:https://sentinelguard.io/zh-cn/docs/dashboard.html
核心类解析:https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/wiki/Sentinel-核心类解析
Sentinel示例项目:https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/tree/master/sentinel-demo
https://github.com/alibaba/spring-cloud-alibaba/tree/master/spring-cloud-alibaba-examples/sentinel-example
二、Sentinel 基本概念
资源
资源是 Sentinel 的关键概念。它可以是 Java 应用程序中的任何内容,例如,由应用程序提供的服务,或由应用程序调用的其它应用提供的服务,甚至可以是一段代码。在接下来的文档中,我们都会用资源来描述代码块。
只要通过 Sentinel API 定义的代码,就是资源,能够被 Sentinel 保护起来。大部分情况下,可以使用方法签名,URL,甚至服务名称作为资源名来标示资源。
规则
围绕资源的实时状态设定的规则,可以包括流量控制规则、熔断降级规则以及系统保护规则。所有规则可以动态实时调整。
三、springMVC集成Sentinel
这里用的是spring
5.3.18
2.5 1.8.6
1、springmvc项目引入依赖pom
-
- <dependency>
- <groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId>
- <artifactId>sentinel-core</artifactId>
- <version>${sentinel.version}</version>
- </dependency>
-
- <dependency>
- <groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId>
- <artifactId>sentinel-transport-simple-http</artifactId>
- <version>${sentinel.version}</version>
- </dependency>
-
- <dependency>
- <groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId>
- <artifactId>sentinel-annotation-aspectj</artifactId>
- <version>${sentinel.version}</version>
- </dependency>
-
- <dependency>
- <groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId>
- <artifactId>sentinel-web-servlet</artifactId>
- <version>${sentinel.version}</version>
- </dependency>
-
- <dependency>
- <groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId>
- <artifactId>sentinel-parameter-flow-control</artifactId>
- <version>${sentinel.version}</version>
- </dependency>
复制代码 2、添加配置文件
在application.properties下创建同级文件sentinel.properties,内容如下- # 集成到sentinel的项目名称
- project.name=spring-sentinel-demo
- # 对应的sentinel-dashboard地址
- csp.sentinel.dashboard.server=localhost:8080
复制代码 3、添加配置类引入配置文件
创建配置类SentinelAspectConfiguration并引入配置文件sentinel.properties- import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.annotation.aspectj.SentinelResourceAspect;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySources;
- @Configuration
- @PropertySources({@PropertySource("classpath:/sentinel.properties")})
- public class SentinelAspectConfiguration {
- @Bean
- public SentinelResourceAspect sentinelResourceAspect() {
- return new SentinelResourceAspect();
- }
- }
复制代码 4、web.xml新增如下过滤器配置
- <filter>
- <filter-name>SentinelCommonFilter</filter-name>
- <filter-class>com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.servlet.CommonFilter</filter-class>
- </filter>
- <filter-mapping>
- <filter-name>SentinelCommonFilter</filter-name>
- <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
- </filter-mapping>
复制代码 接入 filter 之后,所有访问的 Web URL 就会被自动统计为 Sentinel 的资源---来源于 https://sentinelguard.io/zh-cn/docs/open-source-framework-integrations.html
开源框架适配的Web 适配下的Web Servlet
5、创建Controller接口
- @Controller
- public class WebMvcTestController {
- @GetMapping("/hello")
- @ResponseBody
- public String apiHello(String id) {
- System.out.println("id = " + id);
- Date date = new Date();
- System.out.println("date = " + date);
- return "Hello!";
- }
- @GetMapping("/doBusiness")
- @ResponseBody
- public String doBusiness(String id) {
- System.out.println("doBusiness = ");
- return "Oops...";
- }
- }
复制代码 6、下载控制台-即图形化实时监控平台
参考 https://sentinelguard.io/zh-cn/docs/dashboard.html Sentinel 控制台的下载和启动
访问 https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/releases/tag/1.8.6

点击下载
7、运行控制台
- java -Dserver.port=8080 -Dcsp.sentinel.dashboard.server=localhost:8080 -Dproject.name=sentinel-dashboard -jar sentinel-dashboard.jar
复制代码
运行控制台后运行springmvc项目,然后访问某一个路径,就可以在控制台看到了,实时监控如果这个路径没有被访问是显示不出来的

这个时候我们配置限流为即Qps为2

8、测试限流
这里我们用postman进行压测,填写请求的路径保存。并点击run调出压测执行器

执行后查看结果如下

四、自定义异常返回
1、定义如下接口(这里只进行了常见的url定义方式的定义)
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
- @Controller
- @RequestMapping("/test")
- public class WebMvcTestController {
-
- /**
- * 1.未配置流控规则 1000次请求没有间隔发起请求,应该在1秒中完成09:44:33
- * @param id
- * @return
- */
- @RequestMapping("/RequestMapping")
- @ResponseBody
- public String RequestMapping(String id) {
- return "RequestMapping!";
- }
- @GetMapping("/GetMapping")
- @ResponseBody
- public String GetMapping(String id) {
- return "GetMapping...";
- }
- @PostMapping("/PostMapping")
- @ResponseBody
- public String PostMapping(String id) {
- return "PostMapping...";
- }
- /*
- * 路径变量(Path Variables):使用花括号 {} 来标记路径中的变量,并通过 @PathVariable 注解将其绑定到方法参数上
- * */
- @GetMapping("/GetMapping/{id}")
- @ResponseBody
- public String apiFoo(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
- return "Hello " + id;
- }
- /*
- * Ant风格的路径匹配:
- * 使用 ? 表示任意单个字符,
- * * 表示任意多个字符(不包含路径分隔符 /),
- * ** 表示任意多个字符(包含路径分隔符 /)。
- * */
- @GetMapping("/Ant/*/{id}")
- @ResponseBody
- public String Ant(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
- return "Ant " + id;
- }
- /*
- * 正则表达式路径匹配:使用 @RequestMapping 注解的 value 属性结合正则表达式来定义请求路径。
- * */
- @GetMapping(value = "/users/{id:\\d+}")
- @ResponseBody
- public String pattern(@PathVariable("id") int id) {
- return "Ant " + id;
- }
- }
复制代码 2、自定义限流返回处理Handler
- import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.servlet.callback.UrlBlockHandler;
- import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.BlockException;
- import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.authority.AuthorityException;
- import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.degrade.DegradeException;
- import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.flow.FlowException;
- import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.flow.param.ParamFlowException;
- import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.system.SystemBlockException;
- import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
- import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
- import org.springframework.web.method.HandlerMethod;
- import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.condition.PatternsRequestCondition;
- import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.RequestMappingInfo;
- import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping;
- import org.springframework.web.util.UrlPathHelper;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.util.*;
- public class SentinelExceptionHandler implements UrlBlockHandler {
- @Override
- public void blocked(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, BlockException e) throws IOException {
- String contextPath = request.getContextPath();
- String servletPath = request.getServletPath();
- String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
- String url = request.getRequestURL().toString();
- System.out.println("servletPath = " + servletPath);
- System.out.println("requestURI = " + requestURI);
- System.out.println("url = " + url);
- if (contextPath == null) {
- contextPath = "";
- }
- ApplicationContext controllerApplicationContext = LiteFlowApplicationContext.getControllerApplicationContext();
- RequestMappingHandlerMapping handlerMapping = controllerApplicationContext.getBean(RequestMappingHandlerMapping.class);
- // 查找匹配的处理方法
- Class<?> returnType = null;
- Map<RequestMappingInfo, HandlerMethod> handlerMethods = handlerMapping.getHandlerMethods();
- for (Map.Entry<RequestMappingInfo, HandlerMethod> entry : handlerMethods.entrySet()) {
- RequestMappingInfo requestMappingInfo = entry.getKey();
- HandlerMethod handlerMethod = entry.getValue();
- //匹配url
- if (requestMappingInfo.getPatternsCondition().getPatterns().contains(requestURI)) {
- System.out.println("Controller: " + handlerMethod.getBeanType().getName());
- System.out.println("Method: " + handlerMethod.getMethod().getName());
- System.out.println("getReturnType: " + handlerMethod.getMethod().getReturnType());
- returnType = handlerMethod.getMethod().getReturnType();
- break;
- }
- //匹配路径带参数的url
- UrlPathHelper pathHelper = new UrlPathHelper();
- String lookupPath = pathHelper.getPathWithinApplication(request);
- PatternsRequestCondition patternsCondition = requestMappingInfo.getPatternsCondition();
- if (patternsCondition != null && patternsCondition.getMatchingPatterns(lookupPath).size() > 0) {
- System.out.println("Controller1111: " + handlerMethod.getBeanType().getName());
- System.out.println("Method111: " + handlerMethod.getMethod().getName());
- System.out.println("getReturnType: " + handlerMethod.getMethod().getReturnType());
- returnType = handlerMethod.getMethod().getReturnType();
- break;
- }
- }
- httpServletResponse.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
- ResponseData data = null;
- if (returnType != null) {
- if (returnType == String.class) {
- String str = "返回类型为字符串方法限流";
- httpServletResponse.getWriter().write(str);
- return;
- } else if (returnType == Integer.class) {
- httpServletResponse.getWriter().write(new Integer(1));
- return;
- } else if (returnType == Long.class) {
- httpServletResponse.getWriter().write(2);
- return;
- } else if (returnType == Double.class) {
- } else if (returnType == Boolean.class) {
- } else if (returnType == Float.class) {
- } else if (returnType == Byte.class) {
- }
- }
- //BlockException 异常接口,包含Sentinel的五个异常
- // FlowException 限流异常
- // DegradeException 降级异常
- // ParamFlowException 参数限流异常
- // AuthorityException 授权异常
- // SystemBlockException 系统负载异常
- if (e instanceof FlowException) {
- data = new ResponseData(-1, "流控规则被触发......");
- } else if (e instanceof DegradeException) {
- data = new ResponseData(-2, "降级规则被触发...");
- } else if (e instanceof AuthorityException) {
- data = new ResponseData(-3, "授权规则被触发...");
- } else if (e instanceof ParamFlowException) {
- data = new ResponseData(-4, "热点规则被触发...");
- } else if (e instanceof SystemBlockException) {
- data = new ResponseData(-5, "系统规则被触发...");
- }
- httpServletResponse.getWriter().write(JSON.toJSONString(data));
- }
- }
复制代码 3、使用自定义限流处理类
- import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.servlet.callback.WebCallbackManager;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
- @Configuration
- public class SentinelConfig {
- public SentinelConfig() {
- WebCallbackManager.setUrlBlockHandler(new SentinelExceptionHandler());
- }
- }
复制代码 4、配置限流并测试结果
当开启限流后访问触发自定义UrlBlockHandler后结果如下

访问对应得url后控制台打印- servletPath = /test/RequestMapping
- requestURI = /test/RequestMapping
- url = http://localhost:8081/test/RequestMapping
- Controller: org.example.WebMvcTestController
- Method: RequestMapping
- getReturnType: class java.lang.String
- servletPath = /test/GetMapping
- requestURI = /test/GetMapping
- url = http://localhost:8081/test/GetMapping
- Controller: org.example.WebMvcTestController
- Method: GetMapping
- getReturnType: class java.lang.String
- servletPath = /test/PostMapping
- requestURI = /test/PostMapping
- url = http://localhost:8081/test/PostMapping
- Controller: org.example.WebMvcTestController
- Method: PostMapping
- getReturnType: class java.lang.String
- servletPath = /test/GetMapping/4
- requestURI = /test/GetMapping/4
- url = http://localhost:8081/test/GetMapping/4
- Controller1111: org.example.WebMvcTestController
- Method111: apiFoo
- getReturnType: class java.lang.String
- servletPath = /test/Ant/a/5
- requestURI = /test/Ant/a/5
- url = http://localhost:8081/test/Ant/a/5
- Controller1111: org.example.WebMvcTestController
- Method111: Ant
- getReturnType: class java.lang.String
- servletPath = /test/users/5
- requestURI = /test/users/5
- url = http://localhost:8081/test/users/5
- Controller1111: org.example.WebMvcTestController
- Method111: pattern
- getReturnType: class java.lang.String
复制代码 5、页面效果如下

五、springboot集成Sentinel
因为springboot集成文章较多,这里不多做赘述
Sentinel 与 Spring Boot/Spring Cloud 的整合见 Sentinel Spring Cloud Starter。
作者:京东健康 马仁喜
来源:京东云开发者社区 转载请注明来源
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