开头
试想一下我们一般怎么统一处理异常呢,答:切面。但抛开切面不讲,如果对每一个controller方法抛出的异常做专门处理,那么着实太费劲了,有没有更好的方法呢?当然有,就是本篇文章接下来要介绍的springmvc的异常处理机制,用到了ControllerAdvice和ExceptionHandler注解,有点切面的感觉哈哈。
1.ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver
首先从springmvc的异常处理解析器开始讲,当执行完controller方法后,不管有没有异常产生都会调用DispatcherServlet#doDispatch()方法中的processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException); 方法,接着会判断是否有异常,若无异常则走正常流程,若有异常则需要进行处理 mv = processHandlerException(request, response, handler, exception); 再接着就是遍历spring已经注册的异常处理解析器直到有处理器返回mav- private void processDispatchResult(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
- @Nullable HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler, @Nullable ModelAndView mv,
- @Nullable Exception exception) throws Exception {
- if (exception != null) {
- if (exception instanceof ModelAndViewDefiningException) {
- logger.debug("ModelAndViewDefiningException encountered", exception);
- mv = ((ModelAndViewDefiningException) exception).getModelAndView();
- }
- else {
- Object handler = (mappedHandler != null ? mappedHandler.getHandler() : null);
- // 执行处理器产生的异常处理
- mv = processHandlerException(request, response, handler, exception);
- // 是否有异常视图返回
- errorView = (mv != null);
- }
- }
- // Did the handler return a view to render? 处理程序是否返回要渲染的视图
- if (mv != null && !mv.wasCleared()) {
- // 渲染视图
- render(mv, request, response);
- if (errorView) {
- WebUtils.clearErrorRequestAttributes(request);
- }
- }
- else {
- if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
- logger.debug("Null ModelAndView returned to DispatcherServlet with name '" + getServletName() +
- "': assuming HandlerAdapter completed request handling");
- }
- }
- }
复制代码- @Nullable
- protected ModelAndView processHandlerException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
- @Nullable Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
- // Check registered HandlerExceptionResolvers...
- ModelAndView exMv = null;
- if (this.handlerExceptionResolvers != null) {
- for (HandlerExceptionResolver handlerExceptionResolver : this.handlerExceptionResolvers) {
- exMv = handlerExceptionResolver.resolveException(request, response, handler, ex);
- if (exMv != null) {
- break;
- }
- }
- }
- if (exMv != null) {
- // 无视图view
- if (exMv.isEmpty()) {
- request.setAttribute(EXCEPTION_ATTRIBUTE, ex);
- return null;
- }
- // We might still need view name translation for a plain error model...
- if (!exMv.hasView()) {
- String defaultViewName = getDefaultViewName(request);
- if (defaultViewName != null) {
- exMv.setViewName(defaultViewName);
- }
- }
- WebUtils.exposeErrorRequestAttributes(request, ex, getServletName());
- return exMv;
- }
- throw ex;
- }
复制代码
其中最重要也是最常使用的一个处理器就是ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver,下面将着重介绍它,先来看看这个类的继承结构图,实现了InitializingBean接口,在这个bean创建完成之前会调用生命周期初始化方法afterPropertiesSet(),这里面包含了对@ControllerAdvice注解的解析,初始化完后的信息供后续解析异常使用。
实现HandlerExceptionResolver接口,实现解析方法resolveException()- public interface HandlerExceptionResolver {
- /**
- * Try to resolve the given exception that got thrown during handler execution,
- * returning a {@link ModelAndView} that represents a specific error page if appropriate.
- * <p>The returned {@code ModelAndView} may be {@linkplain ModelAndView#isEmpty() empty}
- * to indicate that the exception has been resolved successfully but that no view
- * should be rendered, for instance by setting a status code.
- * @param request current HTTP request
- * @param response current HTTP response
- * @param handler the executed handler, or {@code null} if none chosen at the
- * time of the exception (for example, if multipart resolution failed)
- * @param ex the exception that got thrown during handler execution
- * @return a corresponding {@code ModelAndView} to forward to,
- * or {@code null} for default processing in the resolution chain
- */
- @Nullable
- ModelAndView resolveException(
- HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, @Nullable Object handler, Exception ex);
- }
复制代码- @Override
- public void afterPropertiesSet() {
- // Do this first, it may add ResponseBodyAdvice beans
- // 初始化异常注解 @ControllerAdvice
- initExceptionHandlerAdviceCache();
- }
- private void initExceptionHandlerAdviceCache() {
- if (getApplicationContext() == null) {
- return;
- }
- if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
- logger.debug("Looking for exception mappings: " + getApplicationContext());
- }
- // 解析有@ControllerAdvice注解的bean,并将这个bean构建成ControllerAdviceBean对象
- List<ControllerAdviceBean> adviceBeans = ControllerAdviceBean.findAnnotatedBeans(getApplicationContext());
- // 将ControllerAdviceBean根据order排序
- AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(adviceBeans);
- for (ControllerAdviceBean adviceBean : adviceBeans) {
- Class<?> beanType = adviceBean.getBeanType();
- if (beanType == null) {
- throw new IllegalStateException("Unresolvable type for ControllerAdviceBean: " + adviceBean);
- }
- ExceptionHandlerMethodResolver resolver = new ExceptionHandlerMethodResolver(beanType);
- // mappedMethods 映射不为空
- if (resolver.hasExceptionMappings()) {
- // 添加到缓存中
- this.exceptionHandlerAdviceCache.put(adviceBean, resolver);
- if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
- logger.info("Detected @ExceptionHandler methods in " + adviceBean);
- }
- }
- // 若实现了ResponseBodyAdvice接口(暂不介绍)
- if (ResponseBodyAdvice.class.isAssignableFrom(beanType)) {
- this.responseBodyAdvice.add(adviceBean);
- if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
- logger.info("Detected ResponseBodyAdvice implementation in " + adviceBean);
- }
- }
- }
- }
复制代码 ExceptionHandlerMethodResolver resolver = new ExceptionHandlerMethodResolver(beanType); 这行代码会解析拥有@ControllerAdvice 注解的class,并且会遍历class中带有 @ExceptionHandler 注解的方法,获取方法注解带有的异常类型,将异常类型和方法放入到mappedMethods中供后面获取,获取的时候若对应处理此异常类型的method有多个,则需要进行排序,选取一个异常类型与method ExceptionHandler注解异常类型最近的一个(深度最小的那个也即是继承关系最少的那个)具体代码如下:
ExceptionHandlerMethodResolver- public class ExceptionHandlerMethodResolver {
- /**
- * A filter for selecting {@code @ExceptionHandler} methods.
- */
- public static final MethodFilter EXCEPTION_HANDLER_METHODS = method ->
- (AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(method, ExceptionHandler.class) != null);
- /**
- * 异常类型与方法的映射map
- */
- private final Map<Class<? extends Throwable>, Method> mappedMethods = new HashMap<>(16);
- /**
- * 缓存,用来存储先前碰到过的异常类型与处理方法的映射
- */
- private final Map<Class<? extends Throwable>, Method> exceptionLookupCache = new ConcurrentReferenceHashMap<>(16);
- /**
- * A constructor that finds {@link ExceptionHandler} methods in the given type.
- * @param handlerType the type to introspect
- */
- public ExceptionHandlerMethodResolver(Class<?> handlerType) {
- // 获取并遍历@ExceptionHandler注解的方法
- for (Method method : MethodIntrospector.selectMethods(handlerType, EXCEPTION_HANDLER_METHODS)) {
- for (Class<? extends Throwable> exceptionType : detectExceptionMappings(method)) {
- addExceptionMapping(exceptionType, method);
- }
- }
- }
- /**
- * Extract exception mappings from the {@code @ExceptionHandler} annotation first,
- * and then as a fallback from the method signature itself.
- */
- @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
- private List<Class<? extends Throwable>> detectExceptionMappings(Method method) {
- List<Class<? extends Throwable>> result = new ArrayList<>();
- // 将注解ExceptionHandler value值异常添加到result中
- detectAnnotationExceptionMappings(method, result);
- // 注解值为空的话再去获取参数的异常类型
- if (result.isEmpty()) {
- for (Class<?> paramType : method.getParameterTypes()) {
- if (Throwable.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) {
- result.add((Class<? extends Throwable>) paramType);
- }
- }
- }
- if (result.isEmpty()) {
- throw new IllegalStateException("No exception types mapped to " + method);
- }
- return result;
- }
- protected void detectAnnotationExceptionMappings(Method method, List<Class<? extends Throwable>> result) {
- ExceptionHandler ann = AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(method, ExceptionHandler.class);
- Assert.state(ann != null, "No ExceptionHandler annotation");
- result.addAll(Arrays.asList(ann.value()));
- }
- private void addExceptionMapping(Class<? extends Throwable> exceptionType, Method method) {
- // 将异常类型以及对应的method添加到map中,且异常类型不能有重复否则会报错
- Method oldMethod = this.mappedMethods.put(exceptionType, method);
- if (oldMethod != null && !oldMethod.equals(method)) {
- throw new IllegalStateException("Ambiguous @ExceptionHandler method mapped for [" +
- exceptionType + "]: {" + oldMethod + ", " + method + "}");
- }
- }
- /**
- * Whether the contained type has any exception mappings.
- */
- public boolean hasExceptionMappings() {
- return !this.mappedMethods.isEmpty();
- }
- /**
- * Find a {@link Method} to handle the given exception.
- * Use {@link ExceptionDepthComparator} if more than one match is found.
- * @param exception the exception
- * @return a Method to handle the exception, or {@code null} if none found
- */
- @Nullable
- public Method resolveMethod(Exception exception) {
- return resolveMethodByThrowable(exception);
- }
- /**
- * Find a {@link Method} to handle the given Throwable.
- * Use {@link ExceptionDepthComparator} if more than one match is found.
- * @param exception the exception
- * @return a Method to handle the exception, or {@code null} if none found
- * @since 5.0
- */
- @Nullable
- public Method resolveMethodByThrowable(Throwable exception) {
- Method method = resolveMethodByExceptionType(exception.getClass());
- if (method == null) {
- Throwable cause = exception.getCause();
- if (cause != null) {
- method = resolveMethodByExceptionType(cause.getClass());
- }
- }
- return method;
- }
- /**
- * Find a {@link Method} to handle the given exception type. This can be
- * useful if an {@link Exception} instance is not available (e.g. for tools).
- * @param exceptionType the exception type
- * @return a Method to handle the exception, or {@code null} if none found
- */
- @Nullable
- public Method resolveMethodByExceptionType(Class<? extends Throwable> exceptionType) {
- Method method = this.exceptionLookupCache.get(exceptionType);
- if (method == null) {
- method = getMappedMethod(exceptionType);
- this.exceptionLookupCache.put(exceptionType, method);
- }
- return method;
- }
- /**
- * Return the {@link Method} mapped to the given exception type, or {@code null} if none.
- */
- @Nullable
- private Method getMappedMethod(Class<? extends Throwable> exceptionType) {
- List<Class<? extends Throwable>> matches = new ArrayList<>();
- for (Class<? extends Throwable> mappedException : this.mappedMethods.keySet()) {
- if (mappedException.isAssignableFrom(exceptionType)) {
- matches.add(mappedException);
- }
- }
- if (!matches.isEmpty()) {
- // exceptionType 到matchs父类异常类型的深度
- matches.sort(new ExceptionDepthComparator(exceptionType));
- return this.mappedMethods.get(matches.get(0));
- }
- else {
- return null;
- }
- }
- }
复制代码 exceptionHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(webRequest, mavContainer, exception, cause, handlerMethod); 此方法执行完成后已经完成了异常处理方法的调用,若方法返回值为视图ModelAndView或其他视图类型,则还需要借助视图解析器如InternalResourceViewResolver对视图进行解析渲染,若为其他类型的值则将值写入到response响应中。
2. demo
Controller类方法:- @Override
- @Nullable
- protected ModelAndView doResolveHandlerMethodException(HttpServletRequest request,
- HttpServletResponse response, @Nullable HandlerMethod handlerMethod, Exception exception) {
- // exception为controller方法抛出的异常
- // 根据异常及其类型从上述的mappedMethods中获取对应的方法,再获取方法所在的对象 封装成ServletInvocableHandlerMethod
- ServletInvocableHandlerMethod exceptionHandlerMethod = getExceptionHandlerMethod(handlerMethod, exception);
- if (exceptionHandlerMethod == null) {
- return null;
- }
- // 设置参数解析器,主要用来获取方法的参数值的,供后续反射调用方法
- if (this.argumentResolvers != null) {
- exceptionHandlerMethod.setHandlerMethodArgumentResolvers(this.argumentResolvers);
- }
- // 设置返回值解析器,当执行完方法后获取返回值,对返回值进行处理 或返回视图或将结果写入到response
- if (this.returnValueHandlers != null) {
- exceptionHandlerMethod.setHandlerMethodReturnValueHandlers(this.returnValueHandlers);
- }
- ServletWebRequest webRequest = new ServletWebRequest(request, response);
- ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer = new ModelAndViewContainer();
- try {
- if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
- logger.debug("Invoking @ExceptionHandler method: " + exceptionHandlerMethod);
- }
- Throwable cause = exception.getCause();
- if (cause != null) {
- // Expose cause as provided argument as well
- // 执行异常处理方法,也就是我们的自定义的异常处理方法
- exceptionHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(webRequest, mavContainer, exception, cause, handlerMethod);
- }
- else {
- // Otherwise, just the given exception as-is
- exceptionHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(webRequest, mavContainer, exception, handlerMethod);
- }
- }
- catch (Throwable invocationEx) {
- // Any other than the original exception is unintended here,
- // probably an accident (e.g. failed assertion or the like).
- if (invocationEx != exception && logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
- logger.warn("Failed to invoke @ExceptionHandler method: " + exceptionHandlerMethod, invocationEx);
- }
- // Continue with default processing of the original exception...
- return null;
- }
- // 根据后续的返回值解析器设置的,将返回值写入到response中了直接返回空的mav
- if (mavContainer.isRequestHandled()) {
- return new ModelAndView();
- }
- else {
- ModelMap model = mavContainer.getModel();
- HttpStatus status = mavContainer.getStatus();
- ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView(mavContainer.getViewName(), model, status);
- mav.setViewName(mavContainer.getViewName());
- // (this.view instanceof String)
- if (!mavContainer.isViewReference()) {
- mav.setView((View) mavContainer.getView());
- }
- if (model instanceof RedirectAttributes) {
- Map<String, ?> flashAttributes = ((RedirectAttributes) model).getFlashAttributes();
- RequestContextUtils.getOutputFlashMap(request).putAll(flashAttributes);
- }
- return mav;
- }
- }
复制代码 ExceptionHandlerController异常处理类- @Controller
- @RequestMapping(value = "test")
- public class HelloWorldController{
- @Data
- public static class User {
- private String username;
- private Integer age;
- private String address;
- }
- @RequestMapping(value = "user/get", method = RequestMethod.POST)
- @ResponseBody
- public Object testObject(@RequestBody @Valid User user, @RequestParam String address) {
- user.setAddress(address);
- // 这里特意抛出RuntimeException异常
- throw new RuntimeException("this is a exception");
- }
- }
复制代码 ExceptionHandlerController类中定义了两个异常处理方法,一个处理Exception异常,一个处理RuntimeException异常,那个根据controller方法抛出的异常RuntimeException再结合上面的分析(RuntimeException到RuntimeException深度为0,RuntimeException到Exception中间继承了一次深度为1)可以得出抛出异常类型的处理方法为handlerRuntimeException 方法。 运行程序结果如下:
结语
初步解析ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver源码,若写的有误或者有不理解的地方,欢迎指出讨论~
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