WebView的用法
新建一个WebView项目
修改activity_main中的代码:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:id="@+id/main"
- android:orientation="vertical"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent">
-
- <WebView
- android:id="@+id/web_view"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"/>
- </LinearLayout>
复制代码 我们在结构文件中用到了新的控件:WebView,用来表现网页
下来修改MainActivity中的代码:
- public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
- @Override
- protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
- WebView webView = (WebView) findViewById(R.id.web_view);
- webView.getSettings().setJavaScriptEnabled(true);
- webView.setWebChromeClient(new WebChromeClient());
- webView.loadUrl("https://www.csdn.net/");
-
- }
- }
复制代码 末了到场网络申请权限就可以了:
- <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
复制代码 使用http协议:
新建NetworkTest项目
修改activity_main中的代码:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:id="@+id/main"
- android:orientation="vertical"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent">
- <Button
- android:id="@+id/send_request"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:text="Send Request"/>
-
- <ScrollView
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent">
-
- <TextView
- android:id="@+id/request_text"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>
- </ScrollView>
- </LinearLayout>
复制代码 修改MainActivity中的代码:
- public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
- // 用于显示HTTP请求结果的TextView
- TextView responseText;
- @Override
- protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
- // 获取发送请求按钮的引用
- Button sendRequest = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send_request);
- // 获取显示响应结果的TextView的引用
- responseText = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.request_text);
- // 为按钮设置点击监听器
- sendRequest.setOnClickListener(this);
- }
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- // 检查点击事件是否来自发送请求按钮
- if (v.getId() == R.id.send_request) {
- // 发送HTTP请求
- sendRequestWithHttpURLConnection();
- }
- }
- // 使用HttpURLConnection发送HTTP请求
- private void sendRequestWithHttpURLConnection() {
- new Thread(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- HttpURLConnection connection = null;
- BufferedReader reader = null;
- try {
- // 创建URL对象
- URL url = new URL("https://www.csdn.net/");
- // 打开HttpURLConnection
- connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
- // 设置请求方法为GET
- connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
- // 设置连接超时时间和读取超时时间
- connection.setConnectTimeout(8000);
- connection.setReadTimeout(8000);
- // 获取服务器响应的输入流
- InputStream in = connection.getInputStream();
- // 使用BufferedReader读取输入流
- reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
- StringBuilder response = new StringBuilder();
- String line;
- while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
- response.append(line);
- }
- // 显示服务器响应
- showResponse(response.toString());
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- // 关闭BufferedReader
- if (reader != null) {
- try {
- reader.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- // 断开HttpURLConnection连接
- if (connection != null) {
- connection.disconnect();
- }
- }
- }
- }).start();
- }
- // 在UI线程上显示服务器响应
- private void showResponse(final String response) {
- runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- responseText.setText(response);
- }
- });
- }
- }
复制代码 末了还需要申请一下网络权限:
- <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
复制代码 假如想要提交数据给服务器可以举行如下修改:
- connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
- DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(connection.getOutputStream());
- out.writeBytes("username=admin&password=123456");
复制代码 注意每条数据都要以键值对的情势存在,数据与数据之间用 & 分隔开
使用OKHttp
修改MainActivity中的代码:
- public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
- // 用于显示网络请求响应的TextView
- TextView responseText;
- @Override
- protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
- // 绑定按钮和TextView
- Button sendRequest = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send_request);
- responseText = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.request_text);
- // 为按钮设置点击监听器
- sendRequest.setOnClickListener(this);
- }
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- if (v.getId() == R.id.send_request) {
- // 使用OkHttp发送网络请求
- sendRequestWithOkHttp();
- }
- }
- // 使用OkHttp发送网络请求的方法
- private void sendRequestWithOkHttp() {
- new Thread(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- try {
- OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
- Request request = new Request.Builder()
- .url("https://www.csdn.net/")
- .build();
- Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
- String responseData = response.body().string();
- showResponse(responseData);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }).start();
- }
- // 使用HttpURLConnection发送网络请求的方法
- private void sendRequestWithHttpURLConnection() {
- new Thread(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- HttpURLConnection connection = null;
- BufferedReader reader = null;
- try {
- URL url = new URL("https://www.csdn.net/");
- connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
- connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
- connection.setConnectTimeout(8000);
- connection.setReadTimeout(8000);
- InputStream in = connection.getInputStream();
- reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
- StringBuilder response = new StringBuilder();
- String line;
- while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
- response.append(line);
- }
- showResponse(response.toString());
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- // 关闭资源
- if (reader != null) {
- try {
- reader.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- if (connection != null) {
- connection.disconnect();
- }
- }
- }
- }).start();
- }
- // 在UI线程中显示网络请求的响应数据
- private void showResponse(final String response) {
- runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- responseText.setText(response);
- }
- });
- }
- }
复制代码 解析XML格式数据
先下载Apache服务器Welcome! - The Apache HTTP Server Project
下载安装后在根目录下的htdocs目录下,新建名为get_data.xml文件:
- <apps>
- <app>
- <id>1</id>
- <name>Google Maps</name>
- <version>1.0</version>
- </app>
- <app>
- <id>2</id>
- <name>Chrome</name>
- <version>2.1</version>
- </app>
- <app>
- <id>3</id>
- <name>Google Play</name>
- <version>2.3</version>
- </app>
- </apps>
复制代码 访问的内容为:
Pull解析
修改MainActivity中的代码:
但是开始运行后我们并没有乐成解析数据
本人碰到的题目是网络安全策略的限制被克制。默认情况下,从Android 9(API级别28)开始,应用程序不允许举行明文HTTP流量,以是需要修改应用的网络安全配置来允许明文流量。
创建网络安全配置文件:
在res/xml目录下创建一个名为network_security_config.xml的文件,并添加以下内容:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <network-security-config>
- <domain-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
- <domain includeSubdomains="true">192.168.1.75</domain> <!-- 替换为您的局域网IP地址 -->
- </domain-config>
- </network-security-config>
复制代码 引用网络安全配置文件
AndroidManifest.xml中引用这个网络安全配置文件:
- <application
- android:networkSecurityConfig="@xml/network_security_config"
- ...>
- ...
- </application>
复制代码 修改MainActivity:
- public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
- private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";
- TextView responseText;
- @Override
- protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
- Button sendRequest = findViewById(R.id.send_request);
- responseText = findViewById(R.id.request_text);
- sendRequest.setOnClickListener(this);
- }
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- if (v.getId() == R.id.send_request) {
- sendRequestWithOkHttp();
- }
- }
- private void sendRequestWithOkHttp() {
- new Thread(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- try {
- OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
- // 使用电脑的局域网IP地址
- Request request = new Request.Builder()
- .url("http://192.168.1.75/get_data.xml")
- .build();
- Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
- String responseData = response.body().string();
- Log.d(TAG, "Response data: " + responseData);
- parseXmlWithPull(responseData);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- Log.e(TAG, "Request failed", e);
- }
- }
- }).start();
- }
- private void parseXmlWithPull(String xmlData) {
- try {
- XmlPullParserFactory factory = XmlPullParserFactory.newInstance();
- XmlPullParser xmlPullParser = factory.newPullParser();
- xmlPullParser.setInput(new StringReader(xmlData));
- int eventType = xmlPullParser.getEventType();
- String id = "";
- String name = "";
- String version = "";
- while (eventType != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
- String nodeName = xmlPullParser.getName();
- switch (eventType) {
- case XmlPullParser.START_TAG:
- if ("id".equals(nodeName)) {
- id = xmlPullParser.nextText();
- } else if ("name".equals(nodeName)) {
- name = xmlPullParser.nextText();
- } else if ("version".equals(nodeName)) {
- version = xmlPullParser.nextText();
- }
- break;
- case XmlPullParser.END_TAG:
- if ("app".equals(nodeName)) {
- Log.i(TAG, "id is " + id);
- Log.i(TAG, "name is " + name);
- Log.i(TAG, "version is " + version);
- }
- break;
- default:
- break;
- }
- eventType = xmlPullParser.next();
- }
- } catch (Exception e) {
- Log.e(TAG, "XML parsing failed", e);
- }
- }
- private void sendRequestWithHttpURLConnection() {
- new Thread(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- HttpURLConnection connection = null;
- BufferedReader reader = null;
- try {
- URL url = new URL("http://192.168.1.75/get_data.xml");
- connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
- connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
- connection.setConnectTimeout(8000);
- connection.setReadTimeout(8000);
- InputStream in = connection.getInputStream();
- reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
- StringBuilder response = new StringBuilder();
- String line;
- while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
- response.append(line);
- }
- showResponse(response.toString());
- } catch (Exception e) {
- Log.e(TAG, "Request failed", e);
- } finally {
- if (reader != null) {
- try {
- reader.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- if (connection != null) {
- connection.disconnect();
- }
- }
- }
- }).start();
- }
- private void showResponse(final String response) {
- runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- responseText.setText(response);
- }
- });
- }
- }
复制代码 解析JSON格式数据
相比于XML,JSON的重要上风在于它的体积更小,在网络传输时可以更省流量
但是缺点在于它的语义性较差
起首在Apache目录下的htdocs目录中新建一个get_data.json文件,到场以下内容:
- [{"id":"5","version":"5.5","name":"Clash of Clans"},
- {"id":"6","version":"7.0","name":"Boom Beach"},
- {"id":"7","version":"3.5","name":"Clash Royale"}]
复制代码 在浏览器打开为:
下面就可以开始解析数据了:
使用JSONObject
修改MainActivity中的代码:
- public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
- private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";
- TextView responseText;
- @Override
- protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
- Button sendRequest = findViewById(R.id.send_request);
- responseText = findViewById(R.id.request_text);
- sendRequest.setOnClickListener(this);
- }
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- if (v.getId() == R.id.send_request) {
- sendRequestWithOkHttp();
- }
- }
- private void sendRequestWithOkHttp() {
- new Thread(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- try {
- OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
- Request request = new Request.Builder()
- .url("http://192.168.1.75/get_data.json") // 确认返回的是JSON数据
- .build();
- Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
- String responseData = response.body().string();
- Log.d(TAG, "Response Data: " + responseData);
- parseJSONWithJSONObject(responseData);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- Log.e(TAG, "Request failed", e);
- }
- }
- }).start();
- }
- private void parseJSONWithJSONObject(String jsonData) {
- try {
- JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray(jsonData);
- for (int i = 0; i < jsonArray.length(); i++) {
- JSONObject jsonObject = jsonArray.getJSONObject(i);
- String id = jsonObject.getString("id");
- String name = jsonObject.getString("name");
- String version = jsonObject.getString("version");
- Log.d(TAG, "id is " + id);
- Log.d(TAG, "name is " + name);
- Log.d(TAG, "version is " + version);
- }
- } catch (JSONException e) {
- Log.e(TAG, "JSON parsing failed", e);
- }
- }
- private void parseXmlWithPull(String xmlData) {
- try {
- XmlPullParserFactory factory = XmlPullParserFactory.newInstance();
- XmlPullParser xmlPullParser = factory.newPullParser();
- xmlPullParser.setInput(new StringReader(xmlData));
- int eventType = xmlPullParser.getEventType();
- String id = "";
- String name = "";
- String version = "";
- while (eventType != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
- String nodeName = xmlPullParser.getName();
- switch (eventType) {
- case XmlPullParser.START_TAG:
- if ("id".equals(nodeName)) {
- id = xmlPullParser.nextText();
- } else if ("name".equals(nodeName)) {
- name = xmlPullParser.nextText();
- } else if ("version".equals(nodeName)) {
- version = xmlPullParser.nextText();
- }
- break;
- case XmlPullParser.END_TAG:
- if ("app".equals(nodeName)) {
- Log.i(TAG, "id is " + id);
- Log.i(TAG, "name is " + name);
- Log.i(TAG, "version is " + version);
- }
- break;
- default:
- break;
- }
- eventType = xmlPullParser.next();
- }
- } catch (Exception e) {
- Log.e(TAG, "XML parsing failed", e);
- }
- }
- private void sendRequestWithHttpURLConnection() {
- new Thread(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- HttpURLConnection connection = null;
- BufferedReader reader = null;
- try {
- URL url = new URL("http://192.168.1.75/get_data.json"); // 确认返回的是JSON数据
- connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
- connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
- connection.setConnectTimeout(8000);
- connection.setReadTimeout(8000);
- InputStream in = connection.getInputStream();
- reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
- StringBuilder response = new StringBuilder();
- String line;
- while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
- response.append(line);
- }
- showResponse(response.toString());
- } catch (Exception e) {
- Log.e(TAG, "Request failed", e);
- } finally {
- if (reader != null) {
- try {
- reader.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- if (connection != null) {
- connection.disconnect();
- }
- }
- }
- }).start();
- }
- private void showResponse(final String response) {
- runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- responseText.setText(response);
- }
- });
- }
- }
复制代码 使用GSON
要想使用GSON,起首需要添加依赖库:
- implementation("com.google.code.gson:gson:2.7")
复制代码 新建App类:
- package com.example.networktest;
- public class App {
- private String id;
- private String name;
- private String version;
-
- public String getId() {
- return id;
- }
- public void setId(String id) {
- this.id = id;
- }
- public String getName() {
- return name;
- }
- public void setName(String name) {
- this.name = name;
- }
- public String getVersion() {
- return version;
- }
- public void setVersion(String version) {
- this.version = version;
- }
-
- }
复制代码 修改MainActivity中的代码:
- public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
- private static final String TAG = "MainActivity"; // 日志标签
- TextView responseText; // 用于显示响应数据的TextView
- @Override
- protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); // 设置活动布局
- Button sendRequest = findViewById(R.id.send_request); // 获取发送请求按钮
- responseText = findViewById(R.id.request_text); // 获取用于显示响应的TextView
- sendRequest.setOnClickListener(this); // 为按钮设置点击事件监听器
- }
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- if (v.getId() == R.id.send_request) { // 检查点击的视图ID是否为发送请求按钮
- sendRequestWithOkHttp(); // 调用方法发送HTTP请求
- }
- }
- // 使用OkHttp发送HTTP请求
- private void sendRequestWithOkHttp() {
- new Thread(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- try {
- OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
- Request request = new Request.Builder()
- .url("http://192.168.1.75/get_data.json") // 请求URL
- .build();
- Response response = client.newCall(request).execute(); // 执行请求
- String responseData = response.body().string(); // 获取响应数据
- parseJSONWithGSON(responseData); // 解析JSON数据
- } catch (Exception e) {
- Log.e(TAG, "Request failed", e); // 记录请求失败的日志
- }
- }
- }).start();
- }
- // 使用GSON解析JSON数据
- private void parseJSONWithGSON(String jsonData) {
- Gson gson = new Gson();
- List<App> appList = gson.fromJson(jsonData, new TypeToken<List<App>>(){}.getType()); // 将JSON数据转换为App对象列表
- for (App app : appList) {
- Log.d("MainActivity", "id is " + app.getId());
- Log.d("MainActivity", "name is " + app.getName());
- Log.d("MainActivity", "version is " + app.getVersion());
- }
- }
- // 使用JSONObject解析JSON数据
- private void parseJSONWithJSONObject(String jsonData) {
- try {
- JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray(jsonData); // 创建JSON数组
- for (int i = 0; i < jsonArray.length(); i++) {
- JSONObject jsonObject = jsonArray.getJSONObject(i);
- String id = jsonObject.getString("id");
- String name = jsonObject.getString("name");
- String version = jsonObject.getString("version");
- Log.d(TAG, "id is " + id);
- Log.d(TAG, "name is " + name);
- Log.d(TAG, "version is " + version);
- }
- } catch (JSONException e) {
- Log.e(TAG, "JSON parsing failed", e); // 记录JSON解析失败的日志
- }
- }
- // 使用Pull解析XML数据
- private void parseXmlWithPull(String xmlData) {
- try {
- XmlPullParserFactory factory = XmlPullParserFactory.newInstance();
- XmlPullParser xmlPullParser = factory.newPullParser();
- xmlPullParser.setInput(new StringReader(xmlData));
- int eventType = xmlPullParser.getEventType();
- String id = "";
- String name = "";
- String version = "";
- while (eventType != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
- String nodeName = xmlPullParser.getName();
- switch (eventType) {
- case XmlPullParser.START_TAG:
- if ("id".equals(nodeName)) {
- id = xmlPullParser.nextText();
- } else if ("name".equals(nodeName)) {
- name = xmlPullParser.nextText();
- } else if ("version".equals(nodeName)) {
- version = xmlPullParser.nextText();
- }
- break;
- case XmlPullParser.END_TAG:
- if ("app".equals(nodeName)) {
- Log.i(TAG, "id is " + id);
- Log.i(TAG, "name is " + name);
- Log.i(TAG, "version is " + version);
- }
- break;
- default:
- break;
- }
- eventType = xmlPullParser.next();
- }
- } catch (Exception e) {
- Log.e(TAG, "XML parsing failed", e); // 记录XML解析失败的日志
- }
- }
- // 使用HttpURLConnection发送HTTP请求
- private void sendRequestWithHttpURLConnection() {
- new Thread(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- HttpURLConnection connection = null;
- BufferedReader reader = null;
- try {
- URL url = new URL("http://192.168.1.75/get_data.json"); // 请求URL
- connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
- connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
- connection.setConnectTimeout(8000);
- connection.setReadTimeout(8000);
- InputStream in = connection.getInputStream();
- reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
- StringBuilder response = new StringBuilder();
- String line;
- while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
- response.append(line);
- }
- showResponse(response.toString()); // 显示响应数据
- } catch (Exception e) {
- Log.e(TAG, "Request failed", e); // 记录请求失败的日志
- } finally {
- if (reader != null) {
- try {
- reader.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- if (connection != null) {
- connection.disconnect();
- }
- }
- }
- }).start();
- }
- // 在主线程上显示响应数据
- private void showResponse(final String response) {
- runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- responseText.setText(response);
- }
- });
- }
- }
复制代码 打印结果如图所示:

已经到底啦!!
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