交叉编译Qt5.12.8附带编译opengl

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前言

近来有个项目使用Qt5的ARM64版，有一种方法是直接在板子上安装Qt5，这种方法最简朴，但是板子服从低一些，编译慢，画面也不太流畅以是才切换到交叉编译方向来。
这篇文章基于Ubuntu-20.04编译，板子的体系也是20.04，接下来我会给出我的编译心得，包括一些留意事项，请仔细查察，能少走不少弯路。
OS：Ubuntu-20.04 x86_64
Board：Ubuntu-20.04 aarch64
工具：aarch64-linux-gnu-9

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一、重要说明

最好板子的情况和OS的情况一样，如许可以避免不须要的报错，而且由于Qt5程序依赖libc这个库，导致高版本体系编译的二进制文件放在低版本体系不能运行。
为什么选择aarch64-linux-gnu-9，因为高版本可能出现不兼容的现象，报各种错，以是建议编译器版本不要超过9，9也是可以的。
留意：这个教程5.12.8版本一次编译通过，5.15.2可能报错，QT6也不确定是否能用！
二、预备情况

1.下载qt5.12.8源代码

5.12.8下载页面
zip和tar.xz都行，只不外xz压缩率更高，建议选xz

2.配置体系情况

1. sudo apt update
3. sudo apt install g++-9-aarch64-linux-gnu gcc-9-aarch64-linux-gnu cmake gdb clang

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3.安装须要工具

1. sudo apt install qtbase5-dev qt5-qmake qtcreator

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4.解压qt5源代码

1. tar -xmf qt-everywhere-src-5.12.8.tar.xz

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5.开始配置编译

1. ./configure -release -opensource -confirm-license -xplatform linux-aarch64-gnu-g++ -prefix ~/Qt5.12.8_ARM64 -nomake examples -no-opengl -silent -qpa linuxfb

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留意：这个版本不带opengl，假如你用不到opengl就可以不编译，假如你用opengl就要用另一种方法，下面会说。
这种方法可能不会编译web引擎，假如你用不到可以不消管，假如你用的到就按照它的提示追加就行了。等qmake构建好之后就可以编译了，留意使用的线程数。

1. make -j6 && make install

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6.配置qtcreator

上面已经安装好qtcreator了，打开开始配置交叉编译情况。
打开Tools->Options

Kits->Qt Versions

右边的Add会打开一个文件管理器。

找到我们编译好的Qt5.12.8_ARM64直到bin/qmake，选中打开就会添加新情况。

接着打开Kits条目，同样右边的Add

Name：随便取
Device type：和我一样
Device：和我一样
Sysroot：留空
Compiler：按照我的，肯定不要错了，选刚刚安装的arm 64bit
Debuger：gdb
Qt version：和我一样，选刚才添加的

Cmake Tool：选cmake就行了
最终Apply->Ok。
创建一个新项目或旧项目选择ARM64就可以交叉编译了，目前这个方法不能在x86_64上运行，你需要把二进制文件拷贝到aarch64设备上运行。
三、编译opengl

上面的方法没有opengl的支持，现实上我试了很多方法单纯在x86_64上编译opengl是不行的，需要借助sysroot，可以理解成你板子的rootfs。
你先去板子官方找一个rootfs，安装配置好opengl情况，背面要用。这里以firefly的rk3399为例，我把rootfs拷贝到我的Ubuntu-20.04电脑上了。

这个rootfs是可以通过qemu-user-static软件模拟情况的，这个就不细说了，一样寻常支持定制的板子厂商的维基里都会说明的。
上面的软件照样装，流程照样走一边，只是到了构建的时候命令变了:

1. ./configure -sysroot ~/firefly-rk3399-ubuntu2004-rootfs -release -opensource -confirm-license -xplatform linux-aarch64-gnu-g++ -extprefix ~/Qt5.12.8_ARM64 -nomake examples -opengl -silent -qpa linuxfb

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-sysroot：指定你自己的rootfs目次
-extprefix：这个叫外部安装路径，要否则编译好的安装到rootfs里面去了
-opengl：指定编译opengl Desktop，根据自己需要编译
等待构建完成…
贴下我的构建输出：

1. Building on: linux-g++ (x86_64, CPU features: mmx sse sse2)
2. Building for: linux-aarch64-gnu-g++ (arm64, CPU features: cx16 neon)
3. Target compiler: gcc 9.4.0
4. Configuration: cross_compile use_gold_linker compile_examples enable_new_dtags largefile neon precompile_header silent shared rpath release c++11 c++14 c++1z concurrent dbus reduce_exports stl
5. Build options:
6.   Mode ................................... release
7.   Optimize release build for size ........ no
8.   Building shared libraries .............. yes
9.   Using C standard ....................... C11
10.   Using C++ standard ..................... C++1z
11.   Using ccache ........................... no
12.   Using gold linker ...................... yes
13.   Using new DTAGS ........................ yes
14.   Using precompiled headers .............. yes
15.   Using LTCG ............................. no
16.   Target compiler supports:
17.     NEON ................................. yes
18.   Build parts ............................ libs
19. Qt modules and options:
20.   Qt Concurrent .......................... yes
21.   Qt D-Bus ............................... yes
22.   Qt D-Bus directly linked to libdbus .... no
23.   Qt Gui ................................. yes
24.   Qt Network ............................. yes
25.   Qt Sql ................................. yes
26.   Qt Testlib ............................. yes
27.   Qt Widgets ............................. yes
28.   Qt Xml ................................. yes
29. Support enabled for:
30.   Using pkg-config ....................... yes
31.   udev ................................... no
32.   Using system zlib ...................... yes
33. Qt Core:
34.   DoubleConversion ....................... yes
35.     Using system DoubleConversion ........ no
36.   GLib ................................... no
37.   iconv .................................. yes
38.   ICU .................................... no
39.   Tracing backend ........................ <none>
40.   Logging backends:
41.     journald ............................. no
42.     syslog ............................... no
43.     slog2 ................................ no
44.   Using system PCRE2 ..................... no
45. Qt Network:
46.   getifaddrs() ........................... yes
47.   IPv6 ifname ............................ yes
48.   libproxy ............................... no
49.   Linux AF_NETLINK ....................... yes
50.   OpenSSL ................................ no
51.     Qt directly linked to OpenSSL ........ no
52.   OpenSSL 1.1 ............................ no
53.   DTLS ................................... no
54.   SCTP ................................... no
55.   Use system proxies ..................... yes
56. Qt Gui:
57.   Accessibility .......................... yes
58.   FreeType ............................... yes
59.     Using system FreeType ................ no
60.   HarfBuzz ............................... yes
61.     Using system HarfBuzz ................ no
62.   Fontconfig ............................. no
63.   Image formats:
64.     GIF .................................. yes
65.     ICO .................................. yes
66.     JPEG ................................. yes
67.       Using system libjpeg ............... no
68.     PNG .................................. yes
69.       Using system libpng ................ no
70.   EGL .................................... yes
71.   OpenVG ................................. no
72.   OpenGL:
73.     Desktop OpenGL ....................... yes
74.     OpenGL ES 2.0 ........................ no
75.     OpenGL ES 3.0 ........................ no
76.     OpenGL ES 3.1 ........................ no
77.     OpenGL ES 3.2 ........................ no
78.   Vulkan ................................. no
79.   Session Management ..................... yes
80. Features used by QPA backends:
81.   evdev .................................. yes
82.   libinput ............................... no
83.   INTEGRITY HID .......................... no
84.   mtdev .................................. no
85.   tslib .................................. no
86.   xkbcommon .............................. yes
87.   X11 specific:
88.     XLib ................................. yes
89.     XCB Xlib ............................. yes
90.     EGL on X11 ........................... yes
91. QPA backends:
92.   DirectFB ............................... no
93.   EGLFS .................................. yes
94.   EGLFS details:
95.     EGLFS OpenWFD ........................ no
96.     EGLFS i.Mx6 .......................... no
97.     EGLFS i.Mx6 Wayland .................. no
98.     EGLFS RCAR ........................... no
99.     EGLFS EGLDevice ...................... no
100.     EGLFS GBM ............................ no
101.     EGLFS VSP2 ........................... no
102.     EGLFS Mali ........................... no
103.     EGLFS Raspberry Pi ................... no
104.     EGLFS X11 ............................ yes
105.   LinuxFB ................................ yes
106.   VNC .................................... yes
107.   Mir client ............................. no
108.   XCB:
109.     Using system-provided XCB libraries .. no
110.     XCB XKB .............................. yes
111.     XCB XInput ........................... yes
112.     Native painting (experimental) ....... no
113.     GL integrations:
114.       GLX Plugin ......................... yes
115.         XCB GLX .......................... no
116.       EGL-X11 Plugin ..................... yes
117. Qt Sql:
118.   SQL item models ........................ yes
119. Qt Widgets:
120.   GTK+ ................................... no
121.   Styles ................................. Fusion Windows
122. Qt PrintSupport:
123.   CUPS ................................... no
124. Qt Sql Drivers:
125.   DB2 (IBM) .............................. no
126.   InterBase .............................. no
127.   MySql .................................. no
128.   OCI (Oracle) ........................... no
129.   ODBC ................................... no
130.   PostgreSQL ............................. no
131.   SQLite2 ................................ no
132.   SQLite ................................. yes
133.     Using system provided SQLite ......... no
134.   TDS (Sybase) ........................... no
135. Qt Testlib:
136.   Tester for item models ................. yes
137. Qt SerialBus:
138.   Socket CAN ............................. yes
139.   Socket CAN FD .......................... yes
140. Further Image Formats:
141.   JasPer ................................. no
142.   MNG .................................... no
143.   TIFF ................................... yes
144.     Using system libtiff ................. no
145.   WEBP ................................... yes
146.     Using system libwebp ................. no
147. Qt QML:
148.   QML network support .................... yes
149.   QML debugging and profiling support .... yes
150.   QML sequence object .................... yes
151.   QML list model ......................... yes
152.   QML XML http request ................... yes
153.   QML Locale ............................. yes
154.   QML delegate model ..................... yes
155. Qt Quick:
156.   Direct3D 12 ............................ no
157.   AnimatedImage item ..................... yes
158.   Canvas item ............................ yes
159.   Support for Qt Quick Designer .......... yes
160.   Flipable item .......................... yes
161.   GridView item .......................... yes
162.   ListView item .......................... yes
163.   TableView item ......................... yes
164.   Path support ........................... yes
165.   PathView item .......................... yes
166.   Positioner items ....................... yes
167.   Repeater item .......................... yes
168.   ShaderEffect item ...................... yes
169.   Sprite item ............................ yes
170. Qt Scxml:
171.   ECMAScript data model for QtScxml ...... yes
172. Qt Gamepad:
173.   SDL2 ................................... no
174. Qt 3D:
175.   Assimp ................................. yes
176.   System Assimp .......................... no
177.   Output Qt3D Job traces ................. no
178.   Output Qt3D GL traces .................. no
179.   Use SSE2 instructions .................. no
180.   Use AVX2 instructions .................. no
181.   Aspects:
182.     Render aspect ........................ yes
183.     Input aspect ......................... yes
184.     Logic aspect ......................... yes
185.     Animation aspect ..................... yes
186.     Extras aspect ........................ yes
187. Qt 3D Renderers:
188.   OpenGL Renderer ........................ yes
189. Qt 3D GeometryLoaders:
190.   Autodesk FBX ........................... no
191. Qt Wayland Client ........................ no
192. Qt Wayland Compositor .................... no
193. Qt Bluetooth:
194.   BlueZ .................................. no
195.   BlueZ Low Energy ....................... no
196.   Linux Crypto API ....................... no
197.   WinRT Bluetooth API (desktop & UWP) .... no
198. Qt Sensors:
199.   sensorfw ............................... no
200. Qt Quick Controls 2:
201.   Styles ................................. Default Fusion Imagine Material Universal
202. Qt Quick Templates 2:
203.   Hover support .......................... yes
204.   Multi-touch support .................... yes
205. Qt Positioning:
206.   Gypsy GPS Daemon ....................... no
207.   WinRT Geolocation API .................. no
208. Qt Location:
209.   Qt.labs.location experimental QML plugin . yes
210.   Geoservice plugins:
211.     OpenStreetMap ........................ yes
212.     HERE ................................. yes
213.     Esri ................................. yes
214.     Mapbox ............................... yes
215.     MapboxGL ............................. yes
216.     Itemsoverlay ......................... yes
217. QtXmlPatterns:
218.   XML schema support ..................... yes
219. Qt Multimedia:
220.   ALSA ................................... no
221.   GStreamer 1.0 .......................... no
222.   GStreamer 0.10 ......................... no
223.   Video for Linux ........................ yes
224.   OpenAL ................................. no
225.   PulseAudio ............................. no
226.   Resource Policy (libresourceqt5) ....... no
227.   Windows Audio Services ................. no
228.   DirectShow ............................. no
229.   Windows Media Foundation ............... no
230. Qt Tools:
231.   QDoc ................................... no
232. Qt WebEngine:
233.   Embedded build ......................... yes
234.   Full debug information ................. no
235.   Pepper Plugins ......................... no
236.   Printing and PDF ....................... no
237.   Proprietary Codecs ..................... no
238.   Spellchecker ........................... yes
239.   Native Spellchecker .................... no
240.   WebRTC ................................. no
241.   Use System Ninja ....................... no
242.   Geolocation ............................ yes
243.   WebChannel support ..................... yes
244.   Use v8 snapshot ........................ yes
245.   Kerberos Authentication ................ no
246.   Support qpa-xcb ........................ no
247.   Building v8 snapshot supported ......... yes
248.   Use ALSA ............................... no
249.   Use PulseAudio ......................... no
250.   Optional system libraries used:
251.     re2 .................................. no
252.     icu .................................. no
253.     libwebp, libwebpmux and libwebpdemux . no
254.     opus ................................. no
255.     ffmpeg ............................... no
256.     libvpx ............................... no
257.     snappy ............................... no
258.     glib ................................. no
259.     zlib ................................. yes
260.     minizip .............................. no
261.     libevent ............................. no
262.     jsoncpp .............................. no
263.     protobuf ............................. no
264.     libxml2 and libxslt .................. no
265.     lcms2 ................................ no
266.     png .................................. no
267.     JPEG ................................. no
268.     harfbuzz ............................. no
269.     freetype ............................. no
270.   Required system libraries:
271.     fontconfig ........................... no
272.     dbus ................................. no
273.     nss .................................. no
274.     khr .................................. yes
275.     glibc ................................ yes
276.   Required system libraries for qpa-xcb:
277.     x11 .................................. yes
278.     libdrm ............................... no
279.     xcomposite ........................... no
280.     xcursor .............................. no
281.     xi ................................... no
282.     xtst ................................. no
284. Note: Also available for Linux: linux-clang linux-icc
286. Note: PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR automatically set to /home/anold/firefly-rk3399-ubuntu2004-rootfs/usr/lib/pkgconfig:/home/anold/firefly-rk3399-ubuntu2004-rootfs/usr/share/pkgconfig:/home/anold/firefly-rk3399-ubuntu2004-rootfs/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig
288. Note: PKG_CONFIG_SYSROOT_DIR automatically set to /home/anold/firefly-rk3399-ubuntu2004-rootfs
290. Note: Disabling X11 Accessibility Bridge: D-Bus or AT-SPI is missing.
292. Note: No wayland-egl support detected. Cross-toolkit compatibility disabled.
294. WARNING: QDoc will not be compiled, probably because libclang could not be located. This means that you cannot build the Qt documentation.
296. Either ensure that llvm-config is in your PATH environment variable, or set LLVM_INSTALL_DIR to the location of your llvm installation.
297. On Linux systems, you may be able to install libclang by installing the libclang-dev or libclang-devel package, depending on your distribution.
298. On macOS, you can use Homebrew's llvm package.
299. On Windows, you must set LLVM_INSTALL_DIR to the installation path.

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OpenGL:
Desktop OpenGL … yes
OpenGL ES 2.0 … no
OpenGL ES 3.0 … no
OpenGL ES 3.1 … no
OpenGL ES 3.2 … no
按照我的方法Desktop OpenGL必然为yes才算成功，你要是需要es2就加es2，你要确定你的rootfs支持es2否则编译不通过。
我这种方法不是完全编译，包罗了大多数我能用到的组件，要想知道QT支持哪些组件，你只需要实行下面的命令挨个看。

1. cat qtbase/config_help.txt

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比如OpenGL

1. -gtk ................. Enable GTK platform theme support [auto]
3.   -lgmon ............... Enable lgmon support [auto] (QNX only)
5.   -no-opengl ........... Disable OpenGL support
6.   -opengl <api> ........ Enable OpenGL support. Supported APIs:
7.                          es2 (default on Windows), desktop (default on Unix),
8.                          dynamic (Windows only)
9.   -opengles3 ........... Enable OpenGL ES 3.x support instead of ES 2.x [auto]
10.   -egl ................. Enable EGL support [auto]
11.   -angle ............... Use bundled ANGLE to support OpenGL ES 2.0 [auto]
12.                          (Windows only)
13.   -combined-angle-lib .. Merge LibEGL and LibGLESv2 into LibANGLE (Windows only)
15.   -qpa <name> .......... Select default QPA backend(s) (e.g., xcb, cocoa, windows)
16.                          A prioritized list separated by semi-colons.

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至于怎么选就看你自己了，假如报错的话大概率是sysroot的标题，你需要多检查几遍，大概评论我们一起探讨下。

1. make -j6 && make install

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总结

1、自己并不难，找到诀窍才是重要的，选不对版本和工具链够头疼的，还是那句话：尽量维持情况同等性。
2、组件很多，编译也不快，最好还是知道哪些组件自己用得到省得反复编译耗时。

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