Nginx 安装配置

Nginx安装配置详解、Nginx配置https反向代理示例
Nginx 安装

软硬件环境：CentOS 7.6_64位
安装依赖环境

1. yum -y install make zlib zlib-devel gcc-c++ libtool openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel

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查看pcre版本

1. [root@yaenli pcre]# pcre-config --version

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安装Nginx

• 下载Nginx安装包：手动从官网地址 nginx: download，下载安装包上传至服务器目录或者采用如下命令
  1. [root@yaenli src]# cd /usr/local/src/
  2. [root@yaenli src]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.22.0.tar.gz

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• 解压安装包
  1. [root@yaenli src]# tar zxvf nginx-1.22.0.tar.gz

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• 进入安装目录执行配置命令创建makefile文件
  1. [root@yaenli src]# cd nginx-1.22.0
  2. ./configure \
  3. --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
  4. --with-http_stub_status_module \
  5. --with-http_ssl_module \
  6. --with-http_v2_module \
  7. --with-pcre

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  注1：\ 代表在命令行中换行，用于提高可读性
  注2：configure参数官方说明：Building nginx from Sources
  部分模块说明：（后续可以根据需要依据此参数增减模块）
  http_ssl_module：用于支持https
  http_v2_module：用于支持HTTP/2
  

  配置结果：
  1. Configuration summary
  2.   + using system PCRE library
  3.   + using system OpenSSL library
  4.   + using system zlib library
  6.   nginx path prefix: "/usr/local/nginx"
  7.   nginx binary file: "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
  8.   nginx modules path: "/usr/local/nginx/modules"
  9.   nginx configuration prefix: "/usr/local/nginx/conf"
  10.   nginx configuration file: "/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
  11.   nginx pid file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
  12.   nginx error log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log"
  13.   nginx http access log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log"
  14.   nginx http client request body temporary files: "client_body_temp"
  15.   nginx http proxy temporary files: "proxy_temp"
  16.   nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "fastcgi_temp"
  17.   nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "uwsgi_temp"
  18.   nginx http scgi temporary files: "scgi_temp"

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• 编译安装
  1. [root@yaenli nginx-1.22.0]# make && make install

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• 查看Nginx版本
  1. [root@yaenli nginx-1.22.0]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V

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  至此，安装完成。
  

Nginx 配置

使用NGINXConfig完成配置工作。

NGINXConfig是一个在线的可视化的Nginx配置工具，地址：NGINXConfig | DigitalOcean

使用配置方法：

• 进入你的 NGINX服务器上的配置目录:
  1. cd /usr/local/nginx/conf

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• 创建当前NGINX配置的备份:
  1. tar -czvf nginx_$(date +'%F_%H-%M-%S').tar.gz nginx.conf sites-available/ sites-enabled/ nginxconfig.io/

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• 使用tar解压新的配置文件（从NGINXConfig上下载）
  1. tar -xzvf nginxconfig.io-example.com.tar.gz | xargs chmod 0644

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• 服务器上运行此命令生成Diffie-Hellman keys:
  1. openssl dhparam -out /usr/local/nginx/conf/dhparam.pem 2048

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• 重新加载NGINX以载入新的配置:
  1. sudo nginx -t && sudo systemctl reload nginx

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https的反向代理配置示例

单应用的https反向代理，采用模块化配置方法：Nginx配置示例
示例的具体配置文件内容如下：

• /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
  

1. # Generated by nginxconfig.io
2. # See nginxconfig.txt for the configuration share link
4. user                 root;
5. pid                  /run/nginx.pid;
6. worker_processes     auto;
7. worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
9. # Load modules
10. include              /usr/local/nginx/conf/modules-enabled/*.conf;
12. events {
13.     multi_accept       on;
14.     worker_connections 65535;
15. }
17. http {
18.     charset                utf-8;
19.     sendfile               on;
20.     tcp_nopush             on;
21.     tcp_nodelay            on;
22.     server_tokens          off;
23.     log_not_found          off;
24.     types_hash_max_size    2048;
25.     types_hash_bucket_size 64;
26.     client_max_body_size   16M;
28.     # MIME
29.     include                mime.types;
30.     default_type           application/octet-stream;
32.     # Logging
33.     access_log             logs/access.log;
34.     error_log              logs/error.log warn;
36.     # SSL
37.     ssl_session_timeout    1d;
38.     ssl_session_cache      shared:SSL:10m;
39.     ssl_session_tickets    off;
41.     # Diffie-Hellman parameter for DHE ciphersuites
42.     ssl_dhparam            /usr/local/nginx/conf/dhparam.pem;
44.     # Mozilla Intermediate configuration
45.     ssl_protocols          TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
46.     ssl_ciphers            ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384;
48.     # OCSP Stapling
49.     ssl_stapling           on;
50.     ssl_stapling_verify    on;
51.     resolver               1.1.1.1 1.0.0.1 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 208.67.222.222 208.67.220.220 valid=60s;
52.     resolver_timeout       2s;
54.     # Connection header for WebSocket reverse proxy
55.     map $http_upgrade $connection_upgrade {
56.         default upgrade;
57.         ""      close;
58.     }
60.     map $remote_addr $proxy_forwarded_elem {
62.         # IPv4 addresses can be sent as-is
63.         ~^[0-9.]+$        "for=$remote_addr";
65.         # IPv6 addresses need to be bracketed and quoted
66.         ~^[0-9A-Fa-f:.]+$ "for="[$remote_addr]"";
68.         # Unix domain socket names cannot be represented in RFC 7239 syntax
69.         default           "for=unknown";
70.     }
72.     map $http_forwarded $proxy_add_forwarded {
74.         # If the incoming Forwarded header is syntactically valid, append to it
75.         "~^(,[ \\t]*)*([!#$%&'*+.^_`|~0-9A-Za-z-]+=([!#$%&'*+.^_`|~0-9A-Za-z-]+|"([\\t \\x21\\x23-\\x5B\\x5D-\\x7E\\x80-\\xFF]|\\\\[\\t \\x21-\\x7E\\x80-\\xFF])*"))?(;([!#$%&'*+.^_`|~0-9A-Za-z-]+=([!#$%&'*+.^_`|~0-9A-Za-z-]+|"([\\t \\x21\\x23-\\x5B\\x5D-\\x7E\\x80-\\xFF]|\\\\[\\t \\x21-\\x7E\\x80-\\xFF])*"))?)*([ \\t]*,([ \\t]*([!#$%&'*+.^_`|~0-9A-Za-z-]+=([!#$%&'*+.^_`|~0-9A-Za-z-]+|"([\\t \\x21\\x23-\\x5B\\x5D-\\x7E\\x80-\\xFF]|\\\\[\\t \\x21-\\x7E\\x80-\\xFF])*"))?(;([!#$%&'*+.^_`|~0-9A-Za-z-]+=([!#$%&'*+.^_`|~0-9A-Za-z-]+|"([\\t \\x21\\x23-\\x5B\\x5D-\\x7E\\x80-\\xFF]|\\\\[\\t \\x21-\\x7E\\x80-\\xFF])*"))?)*)?)*$" "$http_forwarded, $proxy_forwarded_elem";
77.         # Otherwise, replace it
78.         default "$proxy_forwarded_elem";
79.     }
81.     # Load configs
82.     include /usr/local/nginx/conf/conf.d/*.conf;
83.     include /usr/local/nginx/conf/sites-enabled/*;
84. }

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• /usr/local/nginx/conf/sites-enabled/example.com.conf
  

1. server {
2.     listen              443 ssl;
3.     listen              [::]:443 ssl;
4.     server_name         example.com;
6.     # SSL
7.     ssl_certificate     /usr/local/nginx/conf/ssl/example.com.crt;
8.     ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/conf/ssl/example.com.key;
10.     # security
11.     include             nginxconfig.io/security.conf;
13.     # logging
14.     access_log          logs/example.com.access.log;
15.     error_log           logs/example.com.error.log warn;
17.     # reverse proxy
18.     location / {
19.         proxy_pass            http://127.0.0.1:3000;
20.         proxy_set_header Host $host;
21.         include               nginxconfig.io/proxy.conf;
22.     }
24.     # additional config
25.     include nginxconfig.io/general.conf;
26. }
28. # HTTP redirect
29. server {
30.     listen      80;
31.     listen      [::]:80;
32.     server_name example.com;
33.     return      301 https://example.com$request_uri;
34. }

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• /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginxconfig.io/security.conf
  

1. # security headers
2. add_header X-XSS-Protection        "1; mode=block" always;
3. add_header X-Content-Type-Options  "nosniff" always;
4. add_header Referrer-Policy         "no-referrer-when-downgrade" always;
5. add_header Content-Security-Policy "default-src 'self' http: https: ws: wss: data: blob: 'unsafe-inline'; frame-ancestors 'self';" always;
6. add_header Permissions-Policy      "interest-cohort=()" always;
8. # . files
9. location ~ /\.(?!well-known) {
10.     deny all;
11. }

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• /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginxconfig.io/general.conf
  

1. # favicon.ico
2. location = /favicon.ico {
3.     log_not_found off;
4.     access_log    off;
5. }
7. # robots.txt
8. location = /robots.txt {
9.     log_not_found off;
10.     access_log    off;
11. }
13. # gzip
14. gzip            on;
15. gzip_vary       on;
16. gzip_proxied    any;
17. gzip_comp_level 6;
18. gzip_types      text/plain text/css text/xml application/json application/javascript application/rss+xml application/atom+xml image/svg+xml;

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• /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginxconfig.io/proxy.conf
  

1. proxy_http_version                 1.1;
2. proxy_cache_bypass                 $http_upgrade;
4. # Proxy SSL
5. proxy_ssl_server_name              on;
7. # Proxy headers
8. proxy_set_header Upgrade           $http_upgrade;
9. proxy_set_header Connection        $connection_upgrade;
10. proxy_set_header X-Real-IP         $remote_addr;
11. proxy_set_header Forwarded         $proxy_add_forwarded;
12. proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For   $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
13. proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
14. proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host  $host;
15. proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Port  $server_port;
17. # Proxy timeouts
18. proxy_connect_timeout              60s;
19. proxy_send_timeout                 60s;
20. proxy_read_timeout                 60s;

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• /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginxconfig.txt
  

1. https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tools/nginx?domains.0.server.documentRoot=%2Fnccloud&domains.0.server.redirectSubdomains=false&domains.0.https.http2=false&domains.0.https.hsts=false&domains.0.https.certType=custom&domains.0.php.php=false&domains.0.reverseProxy.reverseProxy=true&domains.0.routing.root=false&domains.0.routing.index=index.html&domains.0.routing.fallbackHtml=true&domains.0.logging.accessLog=true&domains.0.logging.errorLog=true&global.logging.accessLog=logs%2Faccess.log&global.logging.errorLog=logs%2Ferror.log%20warn&global.nginx.nginxConfigDirectory=%2Fusr%2Flocal%2Fnginx%2Fconf%2F&global.nginx.user=root&global.tools.symlinkVhost=false&global.app.lang=zhCN

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检查配置文件正确性

1. [root@yaenli conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

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Nginx 启停

1. /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx                           # 启动 Nginx
2. /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload            # 重新载入配置文件
3. /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reopen            # 重启 Nginx
4. /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop              # 停止 Nginx

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