前言
上一篇文章 云原生之旅 - 10)手把手教你安装 Jenkins on Kubernetes 我们介绍了在 Kubernetes 上安装 Jenkins,本文介绍下如何设置k8s pod作为Jenkins 构建job的 agent。
Jenkins master 和 agent 均以 pod 的形式运行在 Kubernetes 节点上。Master 运行在其中一个节点上,其配置数据 Jenkins home 使用存储卷挂载,master pod重启不会导致数据丢失。agent 运行在各个节点上,根据需求动态创建并自动释放。这样做的好处很多,比如高可用,高伸缩性,资源利用率高。
关键词:Jenkins on Kubernetes 实践,Jenkins 和 Kubernetes,在Kubernetes上安装Jenkins,Jenkins 高可用安装,Jenkins 动态伸缩构建, Kubernetes Pod as Jenkins build agent
准备
- 已搭建 Jenkins master on kubernetes 云原生之旅 - 10)手把手教你安装 Jenkins on Kubernetes
- 准备一个 Service Account,对目标 cluster 具有k8s admin权限,以便部署。
- 防火墙已开通 Jenkins 出站到Docker hub,方便 push/pull image
- 防火墙已开通 Jenkins 到 目标 cluster,以便部署。
插件安装
- Kubernetes Plugin
- Google Kubernetes Engine Plugin (我的例子是部署到 GKE cluster)
Jenkins 配置
Manage Nodes and Clouds
1. Go to `Manage Jenkins` –> `Manage Nodes and Clouds`2. Click `Configure Clouds`3. Add a new Cloud select `Kubernetes`4. Click `Kubernetes Cloud Detail5. Enter `jenkins` namespace in `Kubernetes Namespace` field6. Click `Test Connection` --> result show `Connected to Kubernetes v1.22.12-gke.2300`7. Click `Save`8. Enter `http://jenkins-service.jenkins.svc.cluster.local:8080` in `Jenkins URL` field9. Enter `jenkins-agent:50000` in `Jenkins tunnel` field10. Click `Add Pod Template` then `Pod Template Details`
11. Input `Name`=`jenkins-agent`, `Namespace`=`jenkins`, `Labels`=`kubeagent`
12. (Optional) 如果不添加 container template, the Jenkins Kubernetes plugin will use the default JNLP image from the Docker hub to spin up the agents.如果你要覆盖默认的jnlp image 可以 Click `Add Container` to add Container Template,输入 `Name`=`jnlp`, `Docker Image`=`your_registry/jenkins/inbound-agent:4.11-1-jdk11`
Ensure that you remove the sleep and 9999999 default argument from the container template.
Manage Credentials
- Add `Usernames with password` for docker hub account/pwd,比如 wade_test_dockerhub
- Add `Google Service Account from private key` 比如 gcp_sa_json_key
Credentials 会在Jenkinsfile里面用到。
### 本文首发于博客园 https://www.cnblogs.com/wade-xu/p/16863955.html
Test a freestyle project
Go to Jenkins home –> New Item and create a freestyle project,命名为 quick-test在 job description 部分, add the label `kubeagent` for `Restrict where this project can be run`.
这个label 和我们上面创建 pod template时用的label一致. 这样的话 Jenkins就知道用哪个 pod template 作为 agent container.
随便添加一个shell 作为build steps
点Build Now
查看Console Output- Agent jenkins-agent-l7hw9 is provisioned from template jenkins-agent
- ......
- Building remotely on jenkins-agent-l7hw9 (kubeagent) in workspace /home/jenkins/agent/workspace/quick-test
- [quick-test] $ /bin/sh -xe /tmp/jenkins17573873264046707236.sh
- + echo test pipeline
- test pipeline
- Finished: SUCCESS
复制代码 ### 本文首发于博客园 https://www.cnblogs.com/wade-xu/p/16863955.html
Jenkinsfile
CI
接着我们用 Jenkinsfile 写一个 Declarative pipeline - build/push docker image 到docker hub首先需要定义一个 pod.yaml 作为启动 agent 的container- kind: Pod
- spec:
- containers: # list of containers that you want present for your build, you can define a default container in the Jenkinsfile
- - name: maven
- image: maven:3.5.4-jdk-8-slim
- command: ["tail", "-f", "/dev/null"] # this or any command that is bascially a noop is required, this is so that you don't overwrite the entrypoint of the base container
- imagePullPolicy: Always # use cache or pull image for agent
- resources: # request and limit the resources your build contaienr
- requests:
- memory: 4Gi
- cpu: 2
- limits:
- memory: 4Gi
- cpu: 2
- volumeMounts:
- - mountPath: /root/.m2 # maven .m2 cache directory
- name: maven-home
- - name: git
- image: bitnami/git:2.38.1
- imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
- command: ["tail", "-f", "/dev/null"]
- resources: # limit the resources your build contaienr
- limits:
- cpu: 100m
- memory: 256Mi
- - name: kubectl-kustomize
- image: line/kubectl-kustomize:1.25.3-4.5.7
- imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
- command: ["tail", "-f", "/dev/null"]
- resources: # limit the resources your build contaienr
- limits:
- cpu: 100m
- memory: 256Mi
- - name: docker
- image: docker:18.06.1
- command: ["tail", "-f", "/dev/null"]
- imagePullPolicy: Always
- volumeMounts:
- - name: docker
- mountPath: /var/run/docker.sock # We use the k8s host docker engine
- volumes:
- - name: docker
- hostPath:
- path: /var/run/docker.sock
- - name: maven-home
- persistentVolumeClaim:
- claimName: maven-repo-storage
复制代码 build-pod.yaml在Jenkinsfile里面定义agent 使用这个yaml file- agent {
- kubernetes {
- idleMinutes 3 // how long the pod will live after no jobs have run on it
- yamlFile './build-pod.yaml' // path to the pod definition relative to the root of our project
- defaultContainer 'docker' // define a default container if more than a few stages use it, otherwise default to jnlp container
- }
复制代码 下面步骤是 docker login/build/tag/push
environment { DOCKER_HUB_REGISTRY='https://index.docker.io/v1/' DOCKER_HUB_CREDS = credentials('wade_test_dockerhub') }- stage('Build and Push Docker Image') {
- steps {
- script {
- dir(dir_path) {
- container('docker') {
- // docker login, Using single-quotes instead of double-quotes when referencing these sensitive environment variables prevents this type of leaking.
- sh 'echo $DOCKER_HUB_CREDS_PSW | docker login -u $DOCKER_HUB_CREDS_USR --password-stdin $DOCKER_HUB_REGISTRY'
- // build image with git tag
- sh """
- docker build -t $PROJECT_IMAGE_WITH_TAG .
- docker tag $PROJECT_IMAGE_WITH_TAG $DOCKER_HUB_CREDS_USR/$PROJECT_IMAGE_WITH_TAG
- """
- // push image_tag to docker hub
- sh """
- docker push $DOCKER_HUB_CREDS_USR/$PROJECT_IMAGE_WITH_TAG
- """
- }
- }
- }
- }
- }
复制代码 我这里没有选择用 docker.withRegistry- docker.withRegistry("$DOCKER_HUB_REGISTRY", "$DOCKER_HUB_CREDENTIAL") {}
复制代码 因为会有不安全的log提示- WARNING! Using --password via the CLI is insecure. Use --password-stdin.
复制代码
CI + Kustomize + CD
这个例子是上面的 CI 之后 加上 - 利用 Kustomize build K8S resource manifests 然后 CD 到一个 Cluster
Kustomize 可以参考 云原生之旅 - 6)不能错过的一款 Kubernetes 应用编排管理神器 Kustomize
- // assume your k8s manifests in another repo, mine is same repo, just in order to show git clone step
- stage('Checkout K8S manifests') {
- steps {
- script {
- dir(dir_path) {
- container('git') {
- if (! fileExists('learning_by_doing/README.md')) {
- sh """
- git clone https://github.com/wadexu007/learning_by_doing.git
- ls -lhrt
- """
- } else {
- sh 'echo manifes repo already exist.'
- }
- }
- }
- }
- }
- }
- stage('Build manifests with Kustomize') {
- steps {
- script {
- dir(dir_path) {
- container('kubectl-kustomize') {
- sh """
- cd learning_by_doing/Kustomize/demo-manifests/services/demo-app/dev/
- kustomize edit set image $DOCKER_HUB_CREDS_USR/$PROJECT_IMAGE_WITH_TAG
- kustomize build > $WORKSPACE/$dir_path/deployment.yaml
- """
- }
- }
- }
- }
- }
- stage('Deploy to GKE test cluster') {
- environment{
- PROJECT_ID = 'xperiences-eng-cn-dev'
- CLUSTER_NAME = 'xpe-spark-test-gke'
- REGION = 'asia-east2'
- CREDENTIALS_ID = 'gcp_sa_json_key'
- }
- steps {
- script {
- dir(dir_path) {
- container('kubectl-kustomize') {
- sh """
- chown 1000:1000 deployment.yaml
- echo start to deploy to cluster $CLUSTER_NAME
- """
- step([
- $class: 'KubernetesEngineBuilder',
- projectId: env.PROJECT_ID,
- clusterName: env.CLUSTER_NAME,
- location: env.REGION,
- manifestPattern: 'deployment.yaml',
- credentialsId: env.CREDENTIALS_ID,
- verifyDeployments: false])
- // verifyDeployments does not work for non-default namespace
- }
- }
- }
- }
- }
复制代码 View Code
Pipeline: Input Step
这个例子是利用 Jenkins pipeline的 Input step 来做一个人工介入Approve的步骤。 然后再来一个多cluster 部署,选不同region 部署到不同的cluster的示例。- stage('Wait for SRE Approval') {
- steps {
- timeout(time:72, unit:'HOURS') {
- input message: "Approved Prod deployment?", submitter: 'sre-team'
- }
- }
- }
- // deployment to multipe k8s clusters
- stage('Deploy to GKE Prod cluster') {
- environment{
- PROJECT_ID = 'sre-cn-dev'
- CREDENTIALS_ID = 'gcp_sa_json_key'
- CLUSTER_COMMON_NAME = 'demo-gke-prod'
- }
- steps {
- script {
- env.REGION = input message: 'Choose which region you want to deploy?',
- parameters: [choice(name: 'Region',
- description: 'Select Region to Deloy',
- choices: ['europe-west1', 'us-central1'])
- ]
- dir(dir_path) {
- if ( env.REGION == "europe-west1" ) {
- def eu_cluster_name = env.CLUSTER_COMMON_NAME + "-eu"
- container('kubectl-kustomize') {
- sh "echo deploy to cluster $eu_cluster_name in region: $REGION"
- }
- }
- if ( env.REGION == "us-central1" ) {
- def us_cluster_name = env.CLUSTER_COMMON_NAME + "-us"
- container('kubectl-kustomize') {
- sh "echo deploy to cluster $us_cluster_name in region: $REGION"
- }
- }
- }
- }
- }
- }
复制代码 所有例子均在我的 github repo。
### 本文首发于博客园 https://www.cnblogs.com/wade-xu/p/16863955.html
测试
现在你可以创建一个 Pipeline 或者 Multibranch Pipeline job 来测试。Repository URL = `https://github.com/wadexu007/learning_by_doing`Script Path, e.g. `Jenkins/k8s_pod_as_build_agent/demo-app-java/Jenkinsfile` 你会看到每启动一个job 都会相应的产生一个pod 来作为Jenkins agent运行,结束后根据idleMinutes自动释放。 总结
如果你已经成功创建并测试 CI/CD pipeline,可以继续加强,比如加上 Post notifications 最佳实践
- 设置 resource requests and limits on each container in your Pod
- 如果使用maven 构建 java项目,.m2 cache目录需要 mount 出来,这样加快后面的maven build速度。
- 使用 Jenkins Shared Libraries 抽取Pipeline的共用代码
- 在容器里构建容器化应用(Run docker in docker) 我的例子是通过 mount docker.sock 利用k8s 主机 docker engine来实现的,这种方式需要 privileges mode 不安全,推荐使用Kaniko,下一篇文章会介绍。
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