mysql复制技术/mysql集群
准备
1.四台虚拟机都关闭防火墙- systemctl stop firewalld
- systemctl disable firewalld
复制代码 2.四台虚拟机都设置好host域名解析,在/etc/hosts文件中添加如下- [root@mysql01 ~]# vim /etc/hosts
- 192.168.70.33 master1
- 192.168.70.34 master2
- 192.168.70.35 slave1
- 192.168.70.36 slave2
- 五台机器都ping一下网络
- [root@mysql01 ~]# ping master1
- PING master1 (192.168.70.33) 56(84) bytes of data.
- 64 bytes from master1 (192.168.70.33): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.031 ms
- 64 bytes from master1 (192.168.70.33): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.050 ms
- 64 bytes from master1 (192.168.70.33): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.056 ms
复制代码 3.在干净的环境下安装好mysql(yum、二进制、源码都行)
四台mysql统一密码方便后续使用- [root@mysql02 ~]# grep password /var/log/mysqld.log
- 2023-08-13T13:44:46.837257Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 7R_e*/+_)(l8
- [root@mysql02 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p password
- Enter password:
- New password:
- Confirm new password:
复制代码 一、mysql M-S 传统
master设置
1.首先在master1中创建数据库、表 模拟服务器已经运行一段时间- mysql> create database xux;
- Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
- mysql> use xux;
- Database changed
- mysql> create table xux.t1(id int(10));
- Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.02 sec)
- mysql> insert into xux.t1 values(1),(2);
- Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.09 sec)
- Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
- mysql> select * from xux.t1;
- +------+
- | id |
- +------+
- | 1 |
- | 2 |
- +------+
- 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
复制代码 2.设置master的mysql配置- 1.因为是备库中的i/o线程将主库中的二进制日志复制到中继日志中,所以需要打开二进制日志,同时设置好server-id。
- 在/etc/my.cnf文件下[mysqld]下面添加
- vim /etc/my.cnf
- [mysqld]
- log-bin
- server-id=1
- [root@mysql01 ~]# tail -2 /etc/my.cnf
- log-bin
- server-id=1
- 2.设置好后重启mysql
- systemctl restart mysqld
复制代码 3.创建复制用户- mysql> CREATE USER 'rep'@'192.168.70.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'Xuxin_0709';
- mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE,REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'rep'@'192.168.70.%';
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
复制代码 4.备份数据- [root@mysql01 ~]# mysqldump -u root -p 'Xuxin_0709' --all-databases --single-transaction --master-data=2 --flush-logs > `date +%F`-mysql-all.sql
复制代码 扩展(可忽略)
如果设置--master-data=1 后续slave设置主服务器可以不用填master_log_file和master_log_pos,但是数据库导入必须使用source导入
5.复制给slave- [root@mysql01 ~]# scp ./2023-08-14-mysql-all.sql master2:/root
复制代码 6.再插入一些数据- mysql> insert into xux.t1 values(3);
- Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
- mysql> select * from xux.t1;
- +------+
- | id |
- +------+
- | 1 |
- | 2 |
- | 3 |
- +------+
- 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
复制代码 slave设置
1.测试授权的用户- [root@mysql02 ~]# mysql -hmaster1 -urep -p'Xuxin_0709'
复制代码 2.开启server-id- [root@mysql02 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
- [mysqld]
- server-id=2
- [root@mysql02 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
复制代码 3.导入数据库- 先进入mysql暂停log-bin日志记录,不记录导入数据的记录
- mysql> set sql_log_bin=0;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- 导入sql
- mysql> source 2023-08-14-mysql-all.sql
- 或者在linux界面导入
- [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p < /2023-08-14-mysql-all.sql
- mysql> select * from xux.t1;
- +------+
- | id |
- +------+
- | 1 |
- | 2 |
- +------+
- 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
复制代码 4.查看sql中的日志master_log_file和master_log_pos
[root@mysql01 ~]# vim 2023-08-14-mysql-all.sql
5.设置主服务器- mysql> change master to master_host='master1',master_user='rep',master_password='Xuxin_0709',master_log_file='mysql01-bin.000002',master_log_pos=157;
复制代码 6.启动从设备并查看slave状态- mysql> start slave;
- show slave status\G
复制代码
7.查看数据可以发现数据已同步- mysql> select * from xux.t1;
- +------+
- | id |
- +------+
- | 1 |
- | 2 |
- | 3 |
- +------+
- 3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
复制代码 测试
再来测试一下
在master1 xux.t1表中插入数据 看看slave机器会不会同步数据
1.在master1机器登录mysql插入数据- mysql> insert into xux.t1 values(4);
- Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
复制代码 2.在slave机器查看数据- mysql> select * from xux.t1;
- +------+
- | id |
- +------+
- | 1 |
- | 2 |
- | 3 |
- | 4 |
- +------+
- 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
复制代码 二、mysql M-S GTID
准备
为接下来新的同步实验需要将之前的同步设置清空,也就是重置master2的mysql- systemctl stop mysqld
- rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/*
- systemctl start mysqld
- grep password /var/log/mysqld.log
- mysql -uroot -p'w#lHVC_Rc30r'
- mysqladmin -uroot -p password
复制代码 master设置
1.启动二进制日志,服务器ID,GTID
由于我们之前配置过了id这里只需配置GTID。配置完后重启mysqld- [root@mysql01 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
- gtid_mode=ON
- enforce_gtid_consistency=1
- [root@mysql01 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
复制代码 2.授权复制用户rep(上面M-S传统已配置 这里忽略)
3.备份数据
为了实验方便这里把之前的sql备份文件删掉- [root@mysql01 ~]# rm -rf 2023-08-14-mysql-all.sql
- 备份一份新的
- [root@mysql01 ~]# mysqldump -u root -p --all-databases --single-transaction --master-data=2 --flush-logs > `date +%F`-mysql-all.sql
- 传给master2
- [root@mysql01 ~]# scp ./2023-08-14-mysql-all.sql master2:/root/
复制代码 4.模拟数据变化- mysql> insert into xux.t1 values(5);
- Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
- mysql> select * from xux.t1;
- +------+
- | id |
- +------+
- | 1 |
- | 2 |
- | 3 |
- | 4 |
- | 5 |
- +------+
- 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
复制代码 slave设置
1.测试rep用户是否可用- [root@mysql02 ~]# mysql -hmaster1 -urep -p'Xuxin_0709'
复制代码 2.启动二进制日志,服务器ID,GTID,配置完后重启mysqld- [root@mysql02 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
- server-id=2
- log_bin
- gtid_mode=ON
- enforce_gtid_consistency=1
- [root@mysql01 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
复制代码 3.恢复手动同步数据- 先关闭log-bin日志记录mysql> set sql_log_bin=0;导入数据mysql> source /root/2023-08-14-mysql-all.sql;查询一下数据mysql> select * from xux.t1;
- +------+
- | id |
- +------+
- | 1 |
- | 2 |
- | 3 |
- | 4 |
- +------+
- 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
复制代码 4.设置主服务器- mysql> change master to master_host='master1',master_user='rep',master_password='Xuxin_0709',master_auto_position=1;
复制代码 5.启动slave并查看数据- mysql> start slave;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.02 sec)
- mysql> select * from xux.t1;
- +------+
- | id |
- +------+
- | 1 |
- | 2 |
- | 3 |
- | 4 |
- | 5 |
- +------+
- 5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
复制代码 三、mysql M-M-S-S
考虑到主服务器如果宕机,那个整个集群的写入能力将会受到影响,那么可以设置双主多从的方式,为数据做好保障。
M-M
因为前面大多数设置已经设置好了,下面是在上面已完成步骤的基础下操作
1.在master2上进行授权 (可忽略)- 查看user表 发现之前已经创建用户并授权了 如果没有就创建用户并授权与上述操作一致不再赘述
- mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
- +------------------+--------------+
- | user | host |
- +------------------+--------------+
- | rep | 192.168.70.% |
- | mysql.infoschema | localhost |
- | mysql.session | localhost |
- | mysql.sys | localhost |
- | root | localhost |
- +------------------+--------------+
- 5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
- 在master1上测试
- [root@mysql01 ~]# mysql -urep -hmaster2 -p'Xuxin_0709';
复制代码 2.配置master1- mysql> change master to master_host='master2',master_user='rep',master_password='Xuxin_0709',master_auto_position=1; //基于GTID
- 让master1也有从的功能,所以现在master1 master2都即是主,也是从。
- mysql> start slave;
复制代码 3.测试- 在master2中插入数据
- mysql> insert into xux.t1 values(6);
- 在master1看数据是否会同步
- mysql> select * from xux.t1;
- +------+
- | id |
- +------+
- | 1 |
- | 2 |
- | 3 |
- | 4 |
- | 5 |
- | 6 |
- +------+
- 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
复制代码 S-S
1.先把master1数据备份 传给slave1 slave2- [root@mysql01 ~]# mysqldump -u root -p'Xuxin_0709' --all-databases --single-transaction --master-data=2 --flush-logs > mmss-mysql-all.sql
- [root@mysql01 ~]# scp mmss-mysql-all.sql slave1:/root
- [root@mysql01 ~]# scp mmss-mysql-all.sql slave2:/root
复制代码 2.在slave1 slave2 导入数据(两台机器都导入数据)- [root@mysql03 ~]# mmysql -uroot -p'Xuxin_0709' < mmss-mysql-all.sql
- [root@mysql04 ~]# mmysql -uroot -p'Xuxin_0709' < mmss-mysql-all.sql
复制代码 3.配置slave1 slave2 (从服务器没必要开启log-bin)并重启- [root@mysql03 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
- server-id=3
- gtid_mode=ON
- enforce_gtid_consistency=1
- master-info-repository=TABLE
- relay-log-info-repository=TABLE
- [root@mysql04 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
- server-id=4
- gtid_mode=ON
- enforce_gtid_consistency=1
- master-info-repository=TABLE
- relay-log-info-repository=TABLE
- [root@mysql03 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
- [root@mysql04 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
复制代码 4.设置主服务器
slave1- mysql> change master to master_host='master1',master_user='rep',master_password='Xuxin_0709',master_auto_position=1 for channel 'master1';
- mysql> change master to master_host='master2',master_user='rep',master_password='Xuxin_0709',master_auto_position=1 for channel 'master2';
- mysql> start slave;
- mysql> show slave status\G
复制代码 slave2- mysql> change master to master_host='master1',master_user='rep',master_password='Xuxin_0709',master_auto_position=1 for channel 'master1';
- mysql> change master to master_host='master2',master_user='rep',master_password='Xuxin_0709',master_auto_position=1 for channel 'master2';
- mysql> start slave;
- mysql> show slave status\G
复制代码 5.测试
在master1 master2 变更数据
master1- mysql> insert into xux.t1 values(7);
- 查看master2 slave1 slave2数据是否变化
- mysql> select * from xux.t1;
复制代码 master2- mysql> insert into xux.t1 values(8);
- 查看master1 slave1 slave2数据是否变化
- mysql> select * from xux.t1;
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