一、简 介
Loki是受Prometheus开导由Grafana Labs团队开源的程度可扩展,高度可用的多租户日志聚合系统。 开发语言: Google Go。它的设计具有很高的成本效益,并且易于操作。使用标签来作为索引,而不是对全文进行检索,也就是说,你通过这些标签既可以查询日志的内容也可以查询到监控的数据签,极大地低落了日志索引的存储。系统架构十分简朴,由以下3个部门组成 :
Promtail 是署理,负责收集日志并将其发送给 loki 。
Loki 是主服务器,负责存储日志和处理查询 。
Grafana 用于 UI 展示。
只要在应用程序服务器上安装promtail来收集日志然后发送给Loki存储,就可以在Grafana UI界面通过添加Loki为数据源进行日志查询(假如Loki服务器性能不敷,可以部署多个Loki进行存储及查询)。作为一个日志系统不光只有查询分析日志的本领,还能对日志进行监控和报警。
二、原理分析
promtail收集并将日志发送给loki的 Distributor 组件 Distributor会对接收到的日志流进行正确性校验,并将验证后的日志分批并行发送到Ingester Ingester 接受日志流并构建数据块,压缩后存放到所连接的存储后端 Querier 收到HTTP查询哀求,并将哀求发送至Ingester 用以获取内存数据 ,Ingester 收到哀求后返回符合条件的数据 ; 假如 Ingester 没有返回数据,Querier 会从后端存储加载数据并遍历去重实行查询 ,通过HTTP返回查询结果
三、对比
PLG与ELK比力优势ELK虽然功能丰富,但规模复杂,资源占用高,操作苦难,很多功能往往用不上,有点杀鸡用牛刀的感觉。 Loki 不对日志进行全文索引。通过存储压缩非结构化日志和索引元数据,Loki 操作起来会更简朴,更省成本。 通过使用与 Prometheus 相同的标签记录流对日志进行索引和分组,这使得日志的扩展和操作效率更高。 安装部署简朴快速,且受 Grafana 原生支持。
四、下载- curl -O -L "https://github.com/grafana/loki/releases/download/v1.5.0/loki-linux-amd64.zip"
- curl -O -L "https://github.com/grafana/loki/releases/download/v1.5.0/promtail-linux-amd64.zip"
- wget https://dl.grafana.com/enterprise/release/grafana-enterprise-8.3.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz
复制代码 五、 安装loki、grafana、promtail
安装loki
先将loki-linux-amd64.zip和grafana-enterprise-8.3.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz上传到日志服务器(10.60.134.55);再将promtail-linux-amd64.zip上传到应用服务器(10.60.134.60、10.60.134.48、10.60.134.56)。
在日志服务器 上创建目次 /usr/local/logsCollect/loki用于安装loki,创建目次/usr/local/logsCollect/grafana用于安装grafana,如下:
- mkdir /data/loki
- mkdir /data/loki/{chunks,index}
复制代码 在日志服务器 上创建目次,用于文件存储和索引存储。
解压unzip loki-linux-amd64.zip,并设置config.yaml- auth_enabled: false
- server:
- http_listen_port: 8094
- ingester:
- lifecycler:
- address: 10.60.134.55 #日志服务器ip,即本机地址
- ring:
- kvstore:
- store: inmemory
- replication_factor: 1
- final_sleep: 0s
- chunk_idle_period: 5m
- chunk_retain_period: 30s
- schema_config:
- configs:
- - from: 2024-04-01
- store: boltdb
- object_store: filesystem
- schema: v11
- index:
- prefix: index_
- period: 168h #每张表的时间范围7天
- storage_config:
- boltdb:
- directory: /data/loki/index #索引文件存储地址
- filesystem:
- directory: /data/loki/chunks #块存储地址
- limits_config:
- enforce_metric_name: false
- reject_old_samples: true
- reject_old_samples_max_age: 168h
- chunk_store_config:
- # 最大可查询历史日期 7天,这个时间必须是schema_config中的period的倍数,否则报错。
- max_look_back_period: 168h
- # 表的保留期7天
- table_manager:
- retention_deletes_enabled: true
- retention_period: 168h
复制代码 并创建启动脚本start.sh和关闭脚本shutdown.sh- #!/bin/bash
- nohup ./loki-linux-amd64 -config.file=./config.yaml >./server.log 2>&1 &
- echo "$!" > pid
复制代码- #!/bin/bash
- kill -9 `cat pid`
- echo "关闭成功!"
复制代码 启动loki下令:sh start.sh。如下日志表示启动成功。
安装 grafana
起首解压grafana-enterprise-8.3.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz,创建启动脚本start.sh和关闭脚本shutdown.sh。注意conf/defaults.ini为grafana的设置文件,其中http_port为浏览器访问端口。
启动grafana下令:sh start.sh。如下日志表示启动成功。
在应用服务器安装 promtail
在应用服务器 上创建目次 /usr/local/logsCollect/promtail用于安装promtail。
解压promtail-linux-amd64.zip,并设置promtail.yaml- server:
- http_listen_port: 9080
- grpc_listen_port: 0
- positions:
- filename: ./positions.yaml
- clients:
- - url: http://10.60.134.55:8094/loki/api/v1/push #日志服务器loki地址和端口
- scrape_configs:
- #ucenter1
- - job_name: zcbackend-172.29.21.22-1
- static_configs:
- - targets:
- - 10.60.134.60
- - labels:
- job: zcbachend-172.29.21.22-1
- host: 10.60.134.60
- __path__: /jiuqi/zichan/zichanyitihuazhenghexiangmu-8084/backend/server.log #本机日志路径
复制代码 并创建启动脚本start.sh和关闭脚本shutdown.sh
启动promtail下令:sh start.sh。如下日志表示启动成功。
六、 测试
打开grafana。默认密码admin/admin。
添加数据源
测试连接
查询日志
也能通过导入的方式添加面板,json文件如下:
- {
- "annotations": {
- "list": [
- {
- "builtIn": 1,
- "datasource": {
- "type": "datasource",
- "uid": "grafana"
- },
- "enable": true,
- "hide": true,
- "iconColor": "rgba(0, 211, 255, 1)",
- "name": "Annotations & Alerts",
- "target": {
- "limit": 100,
- "matchAny": false,
- "tags": [],
- "type": "dashboard"
- },
- "type": "dashboard"
- }
- ]
- },
- "editable": true,
- "fiscalYearStartMonth": 0,
- "graphTooltip": 0,
- "id": 3,
- "iteration": 1671275851848,
- "links": [],
- "liveNow": false,
- "panels": [
- {
- "aliasColors": {},
- "bars": false,
- "dashLength": 10,
- "dashes": false,
- "datasource": {
- "type": "loki",
- "uid": "${ENV}"
- },
- "fill": 1,
- "fillGradient": 0,
- "gridPos": {
- "h": 5,
- "w": 24,
- "x": 0,
- "y": 0
- },
- "hiddenSeries": false,
- "id": 4,
- "legend": {
- "alignAsTable": true,
- "avg": false,
- "current": false,
- "max": false,
- "min": false,
- "rightSide": true,
- "show": true,
- "total": false,
- "values": false
- },
- "lines": true,
- "linewidth": 1,
- "nullPointMode": "null",
- "options": {
- "alertThreshold": true
- },
- "percentage": false,
- "pluginVersion": "8.5.10",
- "pointradius": 2,
- "points": false,
- "renderer": "flot",
- "seriesOverrides": [],
- "spaceLength": 10,
- "stack": false,
- "steppedLine": false,
- "targets": [
- {
- "datasource": {
- "type": "loki",
- "uid": "hJ7iGN-Sz"
- },
- "expr": "sum (count_over_time({filename=~"$log",host=~"$host"}[2m] )) by (host,filename)",
- "hide": false,
- "legendFormat": "{{host}}=={{filename}}",
- "refId": "B"
- }
- ],
- "thresholds": [],
- "timeRegions": [],
- "title": "日志量统计",
- "tooltip": {
- "shared": true,
- "sort": 0,
- "value_type": "individual"
- },
- "type": "graph",
- "xaxis": {
- "mode": "time",
- "show": true,
- "values": []
- },
- "yaxes": [
- {
- "$$hashKey": "object:319",
- "format": "short",
- "logBase": 1,
- "show": true
- },
- {
- "$$hashKey": "object:320",
- "format": "short",
- "logBase": 1,
- "show": true
- }
- ],
- "yaxis": {
- "align": false
- }
- },
- {
- "datasource": {
- "type": "loki",
- "uid": "hJ7iGN-Sz"
- },
- "description": "",
- "gridPos": {
- "h": 21,
- "w": 24,
- "x": 0,
- "y": 5
- },
- "id": 2,
- "options": {
- "dedupStrategy": "exact",
- "enableLogDetails": false,
- "prettifyLogMessage": false,
- "showCommonLabels": false,
- "showLabels": false,
- "showTime": true,
- "sortOrder": "Descending",
- "wrapLogMessage": true
- },
- "pluginVersion": "7.4.3",
- "targets": [
- {
- "datasource": {
- "type": "loki",
- "uid": "hJ7iGN-Sz"
- },
- "expr": "{filename=~"$log",host=~"$host"}|~ "(?i)$log_level"",
- "hide": false,
- "maxLines": 500,
- "refId": "C"
- }
- ],
- "title": "日志",
- "transparent": true,
- "type": "logs"
- }
- ],
- "refresh": "",
- "schemaVersion": 36,
- "style": "dark",
- "tags": [
- "PLG"
- ],
- "templating": {
- "list": [
- {
- "current": {
- "selected": false,
- "text": "Loki",
- "value": "Loki"
- },
- "hide": 0,
- "includeAll": false,
- "label": "选择环境",
- "multi": false,
- "name": "ENV",
- "options": [],
- "query": "loki",
- "queryValue": "",
- "refresh": 1,
- "regex": "",
- "skipUrlSync": false,
- "type": "datasource"
- },
- {
- "current": {
- "selected": true,
- "text": "资产server",
- "value": "资产server"
- },
- "datasource": {
- "type": "loki",
- "uid": "hJ7iGN-Sz"
- },
- "definition": "label_values({},filename)",
- "hide": 0,
- "includeAll": false,
- "label": "日志",
- "multi": false,
- "name": "log",
- "options": [
- {
- "selected": true,
- "text": "资产server-8084",
- "value": "/jiuqi/zichan/zichanyitihuazhenghexiangmu-8084/backend/server.log"
- },
- {
- "selected": true,
- "text": "资产server-8085",
- "value": "/jiuqi/zichan/zichanyitihuazhenghexiangmu-8085/backend/server.log"
- },
- {
- "selected": true,
- "text": "资产server-8086",
- "value": "/jiuqi/zichan/zichanyitihuazhenghexiangmu-8086/backend/server.log"
- },
- {
- "selected": true,
- "text": "公车server-8087",
- "value": "/jiuqi/gongche/yitihuagongchehouduan-8087/backend/server.log"
- },
- {
- "selected": true,
- "text": "公车server-8088",
- "value": "/jiuqi/gongche/yitihuagongchehouduan-8088/backend/server.log"
- }
-
- ],
- "query": "label_values({},filename)",
- "refresh": 1,
- "regex": "",
- "skipUrlSync": false,
- "sort": 1,
- "type": "query"
- },
- {
- "current": {
- "selected": true,
- "text": "172.29.21.22",
- "value": "10.60.134.60"
- },
- "datasource": {
- "type": "loki",
- "uid": "hJ7iGN-Sz"
- },
- "definition": "label_values({},host)",
- "hide": 0,
- "includeAll": false,
- "label": "主机IP",
- "multi": false,
- "name": "host",
- "options": [
- {
- "selected": true,
- "text": "资产-172.29.21.22",
- "value": "10.60.134.60"
- },
- {
- "selected": true,
- "text": "资产-172.29.21.164",
- "value": "10.60.134.48"
- },
- {
- "selected": true,
- "text": "公车-172.29.21.36",
- "value": "10.60.134.56"
- }
- ],
- "query": "label_values({},host)",
- "refresh": 1,
- "regex": "",
- "skipUrlSync": false,
- "sort": 1,
- "type": "query"
- },
- {
- "allValue": "(^\\\\S|^\\\\s)",
- "current": {
- "selected": false,
- "text": "All",
- "value": "$__all"
- },
- "description": "可以直接输入搜索的关键字进行过滤",
- "hide": 0,
- "includeAll": true,
- "label": "关键字过滤",
- "multi": false,
- "name": "log_level",
- "options": [
- {
- "selected": true,
- "text": "All",
- "value": "$__all"
- },
- {
- "selected": false,
- "text": "INFO",
- "value": "INFO"
- },
- {
- "selected": false,
- "text": "DEBUG",
- "value": "DEBUG"
- },
- {
- "selected": false,
- "text": "WARN",
- "value": "WARN"
- },
- {
- "selected": false,
- "text": "ERROR",
- "value": "ERROR"
- },
- {
- "selected": false,
- "text": "UNKNOWN",
- "value": "UNKNOWN"
- },
- {
- "selected": false,
- "text": "直接输入关键字搜索",
- "value": "直接输入关键字搜索"
- }
- ],
- "query": "INFO,DEBUG,WARN,ERROR,UNKNOWN,直接输入关键字搜索",
- "queryValue": "",
- "skipUrlSync": false,
- "type": "custom"
- }
- ]
- },
- "time": {
- "from": "now-1h",
- "to": "now"
- },
- "timepicker": {},
- "timezone": "",
- "title": "Loki日志收集",
- "uid": "NlV_8QD7k",
- "version": 19,
- "weekStart": ""
- }
复制代码 logcollect.json
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