本文紧张介绍 H2 的根本使用,文中所使用到的软件版本:Java 1.8.0_341、H2 2.2.224、PostgreSQL 驱动 42.5.5。
1、嵌入式(本地)模式
直接使用 JDBC 连接数据库即可,如果数据库不存在会自动创建。
1.1、持久数据库
- @Test
- public void localFile() throws SQLException {
- String dbName = "test";
- //用户名密码为第一次连接设置的密码
- Connection con = JdbcUtil.getConnection("org.h2.Driver", "jdbc:h2:file:d:/temp/" + dbName, "admin", "123456");
- business(con, dbName);
- con.close();
- }
- private void business(Connection con, String dbName) throws SQLException {
- String tableName = "a_student";
- Statement st = con.createStatement();
- ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery("select * from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES");
- while (rs.next()) {
- log.info("table_catalog={},table_schema={},table_name={}", rs.getString("table_catalog"), rs.getString("table_schema"), rs.getString("table_name"));
- }
- String sql = "select 1 from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES where upper(table_catalog)=? and upper(table_schema)=? and upper(table_name)=?";
- PreparedStatement pst = con.prepareStatement(sql);
- pst.setString(1, dbName.toUpperCase());
- pst.setString(2, "PUBLIC");
- pst.setString(3, tableName.toUpperCase());
- rs = pst.executeQuery();
- if (!rs.next()) {//表不存在则创建并初始化数据,这里根据业务需要进行操作
- st.executeUpdate("create table " + tableName + "(id int, name varchar(32))");
- st.executeUpdate("insert into " + tableName + "(id,name) values (1,'李白')");
- st.executeUpdate("insert into " + tableName + "(id,name) values (2,'杜甫')");
- }
- rs = st.executeQuery("select * from " + tableName);
- while (rs.next()) {
- log.info("id={},name={}", rs.getInt("id"), rs.getString("name"));
- }
- }
复制代码 1.2、内存数据库
- @Test
- public void localMem() throws SQLException {
- String dbName = "test";
- //用户名密码为第一次连接设置的密码
- Connection con = JdbcUtil.getConnection("org.h2.Driver", "jdbc:h2:mem:" + dbName, "admin", "123456");
- business(con, dbName);
- con.close();
- }
复制代码 2、服务器模式
可以通过 bin/h2.bat(或 bin/h2.sh) 命令启动 H2 控制台,同时会启动 Web 服务器合 PG 服务器,也可以通过以下方式启动服务器:- java -cp h2*.jar org.h2.tools.Server [param1] [param2] [...]
复制代码 改方式可以添加参数来调整服务器的默认行为,检察所有参数:- java -cp h2*.jar org.h2.tools.Server -?
复制代码 相关参数如下:- [-web] Start the web server with the H2 Console
- [-webAllowOthers] Allow other computers to connect - see below
- [-webExternalNames] The comma-separated list of external names and IP addresses of this server, used together with -webAllowOthers
- [-webDaemon] Use a daemon thread
- [-webPort <port>] The port (default: 8082)
- [-webSSL] Use encrypted (HTTPS) connections
- [-webAdminPassword] Password of DB Console administrator
- [-browser] Start a browser connecting to the web server
- [-tcp] Start the TCP server
- [-tcpAllowOthers] Allow other computers to connect - see below
- [-tcpDaemon] Use a daemon thread
- [-tcpPort <port>] The port (default: 9092)
- [-tcpSSL] Use encrypted (SSL) connections
- [-tcpPassword <pwd>] The password for shutting down a TCP server
- [-tcpShutdown "<url>"] Stop the TCP server; example: tcp://localhost
- [-tcpShutdownForce] Do not wait until all connections are closed
- [-pg] Start the PG server
- [-pgAllowOthers] Allow other computers to connect - see below
- [-pgDaemon] Use a daemon thread
- [-pgPort <port>] The port (default: 5435)
- [-properties "<dir>"] Server properties (default: ~, disable: null)
- [-baseDir <dir>] The base directory for H2 databases (all servers)
- [-ifExists] Only existing databases may be opened (all servers)
- [-ifNotExists] Databases are created when accessed
- [-trace] Print additional trace information (all servers)
- [-key <from> <to>] Allows to map a database name to another (all servers)
复制代码 2.1、启动 Web 服务器
- java -cp h2-2.2.224.jar org.h2.tools.Server -web -webAllowOthers
复制代码 使用浏览器访问 H2 控制台:http://localhost:8082
2.2、启动 TCP 服务器
- java -cp h2-2.2.224.jar org.h2.tools.Server -tcp -tcpAllowOthers -ifNotExists
复制代码 应用程序使用 JDBC 访问数据库。
2.2.1、持久数据库
- @Test
- public void tcpFile() throws SQLException {
- String dbName = "test";
- //用户名密码为第一次连接设置的密码
- Connection con = JdbcUtil.getConnection("org.h2.Driver", "jdbc:h2:tcp://localhost:9092/file:d:/temp/" + dbName, "admin", "123456");
- business(con, dbName);
- con.close();
- }
复制代码 2.2.2、内存数据库
- @Test
- public void tcpMem() throws Exception {
- String dbName = "test";
- Connection con = JdbcUtil.getConnection("org.h2.Driver", "jdbc:h2:tcp://localhost:9092/mem:" + dbName, "admin", "123456");
- business(con, dbName);
- con.close();
- }
复制代码 2.3、启动 PG 服务器
- java -cp h2-2.2.224.jar org.h2.tools.Server -pg -pgAllowOthers -baseDir d:/temp -ifNotExists
复制代码 应用程序引入 PG JDBC 驱动并访问数据库。- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
- <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
- <version>42.5.5</version>
- </dependency>
复制代码- @Test
- public void pg() throws Exception {
- String dbName = "test";
- //用户名密码为第一次连接设置的密码
- Connection con = JdbcUtil.getConnection("org.postgresql.Driver", "jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5435/" + dbName, "admin", "123456");
- business(con, dbName);
- con.close();
- }
复制代码 使用 PG 客户端访问时,默认的 schema 为小写:public,而使用本地或 TCP 模式访问时,默认的 schema 为大写:PBBLIC;因此不能使用 PG 客户端访问本地或 TCP模式创建的库,也不能使用本地或 TCP模式访问 PG 客户端创建的库,否则会报错误:"Schema " UBLIC" not found" 或 "Schema "public" not found"。
3、混合模式
混合模式本应用使用本地模式访问,其他应用使用远程模式访问,需要在应用中通过 API 访问相应的服务器。
3.1、启动 Web 服务器
- @Test
- public void web() throws Exception {
- Server server = Server.createWebServer().start();
- Thread.sleep(1000 * 100);
- server.stop();
- }
复制代码 使用浏览器访问 H2 控制台:http://localhost:8082
3.2、启动 TCP 服务器
应用中启动 TCP 服务器,其他应用通过 JDBC 访问数据库。
3.2.1、持久数据库
- @Test
- public void tcpFile2() throws Exception {
- //如果数据库不存在,tcp方式默认不允许创建数据库,使用 -ifNotExists 参数允许创建数据库
- Server server = Server.createTcpServer("-ifNotExists").start();
- CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
- new Thread(() -> {
- try {
- //模拟其他应用访问
- tcpFile();
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- countDownLatch.countDown();
- }).start();
- countDownLatch.await();
- server.stop();
- }
复制代码 3.2.2、内存数据库
- @Test
- public void tcpMem2() throws Exception {
- //如果数据库不存在,tcp方式默认不允许创建数据库,使用 -ifNotExists 参数允许创建数据库
- Server server = Server.createTcpServer("-ifNotExists").start();
- CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
- new Thread(() -> {
- try {
- //模拟其他应用访问
- tcpMem();
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- countDownLatch.countDown();
- }).start();
- countDownLatch.await();
- server.stop();
- }
复制代码 3.3、启动 PG 服务器
应用中启动 PG 服务器,其他应用通过 PG 驱动访问数据库。- @Test
- public void pg2() throws Exception {
- //如果数据库不存在,该方式默认不允许创建数据库,使用 -ifNotExists 参数允许创建数据库;该方式还需要指定数据库文件目录
- Server server = Server.createPgServer("-baseDir", "d:/temp", "-ifNotExists").start();
- CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
- new Thread(() -> {
- try {
- //模拟其他应用访问
- pg();
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- countDownLatch.countDown();
- }).start();
- countDownLatch.await();
- server.stop();
- }
复制代码
完整代码:
  - package com.abc.demo.db;
- import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
- import org.h2.tools.Server;
- import org.junit.Test;
- import java.sql.*;
- import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
- @Slf4j
- public class H2Case {
- @Test
- public void localFile() throws SQLException {
- String dbName = "test";
- //用户名密码为第一次连接设置的密码
- Connection con = JdbcUtil.getConnection("org.h2.Driver", "jdbc:h2:file:d:/temp/" + dbName, "admin", "123456");
- log.info("con={}", con);
- business(con, dbName);
- con.close();
- }
- @Test
- public void localMem() throws SQLException {
- String dbName = "test";
- //用户名密码为第一次连接设置的密码
- Connection con = JdbcUtil.getConnection("org.h2.Driver", "jdbc:h2:mem:" + dbName, "admin", "123456");
- business(con, dbName);
- con.close();
- }
- @Test
- public void tcpFile() throws SQLException {
- String dbName = "test";
- //用户名密码为第一次连接设置的密码
- Connection con = JdbcUtil.getConnection("org.h2.Driver", "jdbc:h2:tcp://localhost:9092/file:d:/temp/" + dbName, "admin", "123456");
- business(con, dbName);
- con.close();
- }
- @Test
- public void tcpMem() throws Exception {
- String dbName = "test";
- Connection con = JdbcUtil.getConnection("org.h2.Driver", "jdbc:h2:tcp://localhost:9092/mem:" + dbName, "admin", "123456");
- business(con, dbName);
- con.close();
- }
- @Test
- public void pg() throws Exception {
- String dbName = "test";
- //用户名密码为第一次连接设置的密码
- Connection con = JdbcUtil.getConnection("org.postgresql.Driver", "jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5435/" + dbName, "admin", "123456");
- business(con, dbName);
- con.close();
- }
- @Test
- public void web() throws Exception {
- Server server = Server.createWebServer().start();
- Thread.sleep(1000 * 10);
- server.stop();
- }
- @Test
- public void tcpFile2() throws Exception {
- //如果数据库不存在,tcp方式默认不允许创建数据库,使用 -ifNotExists 参数允许创建数据库
- Server server = Server.createTcpServer("-ifNotExists").start();
- CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
- new Thread(() -> {
- try {
- //模拟其他应用访问
- tcpFile();
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- countDownLatch.countDown();
- }).start();
- countDownLatch.await();
- server.stop();
- }
- @Test
- public void tcpMem2() throws Exception {
- //如果数据库不存在,tcp方式默认不允许创建数据库,使用 -ifNotExists 参数允许创建数据库
- Server server = Server.createTcpServer("-ifNotExists").start();
- CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
- new Thread(() -> {
- try {
- //模拟其他应用访问
- tcpMem();
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- countDownLatch.countDown();
- }).start();
- countDownLatch.await();
- server.stop();
- }
- @Test
- public void pg2() throws Exception {
- //如果数据库不存在,该方式默认不允许创建数据库,使用 -ifNotExists 参数允许创建数据库;该方式还需要指定数据库文件目录
- Server server = Server.createPgServer("-baseDir", "d:/temp", "-ifNotExists").start();
- CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
- new Thread(() -> {
- try {
- //模拟其他应用访问
- pg();
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- countDownLatch.countDown();
- }).start();
- countDownLatch.await();
- server.stop();
- }
- private void business(Connection con, String dbName) throws SQLException {
- String tableName = "a_student";
- Statement st = con.createStatement();
- String sql = "select 1 from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES where upper(table_catalog)=? and upper(table_schema)=? and upper(table_name)=?";
- PreparedStatement pst = con.prepareStatement(sql);
- pst.setString(1, dbName.toUpperCase());
- pst.setString(2, "PUBLIC");
- pst.setString(3, tableName.toUpperCase());
- ResultSet rs = pst.executeQuery();
- if (!rs.next()) {//表不存在则创建并初始化数据,这里根据业务需要进行操作
- st.executeUpdate("create table " + tableName + "(id int, name varchar(32))");
- st.executeUpdate("insert into " + tableName + "(id,name) values (1,'李白')");
- st.executeUpdate("insert into " + tableName + "(id,name) values (2,'杜甫')");
- }
- rs = st.executeQuery("select * from " + tableName);
- while (rs.next()) {
- log.info("id={},name={}", rs.getInt("id"), rs.getString("name"));
- }
- }
- }
复制代码 H2Case.java  - package com.abc.demo.db;
- import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
- import java.sql.*;
- @Slf4j
- public class JdbcUtil {
- private JdbcUtil() {}
- public static Connection getConnection(String driver, String url, String username, String password) {
- Connection con = null;
- try {
- Class.forName(driver);
- con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
- } catch (ClassNotFoundException | SQLException e) {
- log.warn("url={},username={},password={}", url, username, password);
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- return con;
- }
- }
复制代码 JdbcUtil.java
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