前言
在进行某些爬虫任务的时候,我们经常会遇到仅用Http协议难以攻破的情况,比如协议中带有加密参数,破解需要花费大量时间,那这时候就会用Selenium去模拟浏览器进行页面上的元素抓取
大多数情况下我们用Selenium只是爬取一下页面上可见的元素信息或者做一些模拟人工的操作,但页面可见元素的数据字段毕竟有限,有许多有用的字段隐藏在接口响应中的,但是要如何拿到接口响应内容呢?
在网上搜索Selenium如何获取Chrome中Network数据包响应结果,大多数的文章都是Python或者Java,C#的资源少之又少,虽然知道原理,但每个语言之间SDK代码实现相差很大,C#的SDK真的有点魔改,需要自己慢慢摸索
探索
通过寻找资料,大致就2种方案
方案1:通过Selenium指定本地一个代理去截取所有请求,类似于常见抓包工具的原理,但是C#是没有这种插件,也有可能是我没找到,比如Python和Java有一个叫Browsermob-Proxy的插件,可以和Selenium深度结合实现代理抓包。我利用FiddlerCore做了一个本地代理工具,但是并不好用,不能和Selenium进行深度绑定使用,会导致Selenium爬取过程和请求截取是异步进行的,强行用代码实现同步又很难受,达不到我想要的要求
方案2:Selenium通过chromedriver开启浏览器的性能日志功能,记录类型为Performance的日志,该功能在Selenium中叫做 PerformanceLoggingPreferences。网页加载完成后,可以通过Selenium拿到浏览器Performance Logs摘要信息,再利用Log中的RequestId调用Chrome CDP命令去浏览器端获取日志的完整内容。Selenium封装的CDP,本质上还是Http请求,只是带着驱动窗口的SessionId和Chrome的API做交互
方案1参考资料:
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_32502511/article/details/101536325 (Python + Browsermob-Proxy)
https://blog.csdn.net/fontcolor0/article/details/103297635/ (Java + Browsermob-Proxy)
https://www.cnblogs.com/airoot/articles/14888284.html (C# + FiddlerCore)
方案2参考资料:
https://chromedevtools.github.io/devtools-protocol/ (Chrome DevTools Protocol 介绍)
https://www.jianshu.com/p/615e3c0140a5 (Python + 开启PerfLoggingPref)
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_49855251/article/details/112281901 (不同日志类型的介绍)
https://blog.csdn.net/bigcarp/article/details/115065730 (Java + 原生CDP协议获取日志内容)
上手
启用Logging:
C#伪代码示例:
首先需要安装最新的Nuget包:OpenQA.Selenium- var option = new ChromeOptions();
- option.SetLoggingPreference("performance",OpenQA.Selenium.LogLevel.Info); //启用performance日志,等级为Info即可
- option.PerformanceLoggingPreferences = new ChromiumPerformanceLoggingPreferences() {
- IsCollectingNetworkEvents = true //采集网络请求事件
- };
- using (ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(driverPath,option,TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5))) {
- driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://item.m.jd.com/product/10052422060501.html");
- Thread.Sleep(3 * 1000); //等待页面加载完成
- var logs = driver.Manage().Logs.GetLog("performance"); //获取所有performance日志
- }
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顺便放个Python代码做个对比:- caps = {
- 'browserName': 'chrome',
- 'loggingPrefs': {
- 'performance': 'Info', //启用performance日志,等级为Info即可
- },
- 'goog:chromeOptions': {
- 'perfLoggingPrefs': {
- 'enableNetwork': True, //采集网络请求事件
- },
- 'w3c': False,
- },
- }
- driver = webdriver.Chrome(desired_capabilities=caps)
- //TODO 获取日志<br>//.....
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分析Logging:
我们从返回的日志列表里随便挑一个看看原始内容:- {[2022-08-03T08:47:31Z] [Info] {"message":{"method":"Network.responseReceived","params":{"frameId":"78D9BC6F0CBE162DA6779F410AA1500C","hasExtraInfo":true,"loaderId":"33814E6BD702343CF0A2A38C976C772F","requestId":"33814E6BD702343CF0A2A38C976C772F","response":{"connectionId":242,"connectionReused":false,"encodedDataLength":546,"fromDiskCache":false,"fromPrefetchCache":false,"fromServiceWorker":false,"headers":{"access-control-allow-credentials":"true","access-control-allow-headers":"Origin, X-Requested-With, Content-Type, multipart/form-data, Accept, Authorization","access-control-allow-methods":"POST, GET, PATCH, DELETE, PUT, OPTIONS","access-control-allow-origin":"*","access-control-max-age":"3600","cache-control":"no-cache,no-store","content-encoding":"gzip","content-language":"zh-CN","content-type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","date":"Wed, 03 Aug 2022 08:47:33 GMT","hit":"bj-9153118133147527","server":"jfe","strict-transport-security":"max-age=86400","vary":"Accept-Encoding"},"mimeType":"text/html","protocol":"h2","remoteIPAddress":"106.39.169.120","remotePort":443,"responseTime":1.659516451658764e+12,"securityDetails":{"certificateId":0,"certificateTransparencyCompliance":"compliant","cipher":"AES_256_GCM","issuer":"GlobalSign RSA OV SSL CA 2018","keyExchange":"","keyExchangeGroup":"X25519","protocol":"TLS 1.3","sanList":["*.jd.com","*.360buy.com","*.360buyimg.com","*.3.cn","*.7fresh.com","*.baitiao.com","*.chinabank.com.cn","*.e.jd.com","*.jd.co.th","*.jddglobal.com","*.jd.hk","*.jd.id","*.jdpay.com","*.jd.ru","*.jdworldwide.com","*.jdx.com","*.joybuy.com","*.joybuy.es","*.jr.jd.com","*.k.jd.com","*.m.jd.com","*.m.yhd.com","*.shop.jd.com","*.wangyin.com","*.yhd.com","*.yiyaojd.com","360buy.com","360buyimg.com","3.cn","7fresh.com","baitiao.com","chinabank.com.cn","jd.co.th","jddglobal.com","jd.hk","jd.id","jdpay.com","jd.ru","jdworldwide.com","jdx.com","joybuy.com","joybuy.es","wangyin.com","yhd.com","yiyaojd.com","jd.com"],"signedCertificateTimestampList":[{"hashAlgorithm":"SHA-256","logDescription":"Sectigo 'Mammoth' CT log","logId":"6F5376AC31F03119D89900A45115FF77151C11D902C10029068DB2089A37D913","origin":"Embedded in certificate","signatureAlgorithm":"ECDSA","signatureData":"3045022017A2AC492303F50786758D0B4B63EEB8D031850832031FC5A43139C0CDA5EB4F0221009063F884220327718857A6897B87ED5D9F785FFC97F23BD45C84975A11DE721E","status":"Verified","timestamp":1.634109209345e+12},{"hashAlgorithm":"SHA-256","logDescription":"Google 'Argon2022' log","logId":"2979BEF09E393921F056739F63A577E5BE577D9C600AF8F94D5D265C255DC784","origin":"Embedded in certificate","signatureAlgorithm":"ECDSA","signatureData":"3045022071D6D51A59CAA1764E478598AA8EE34B628C8F856B09CDB8382E090CF5D6D97D022100A8FE17E028BB6D439387721974ED3629B9CC44C90AC524B505B9B2375C75CBB9","status":"Verified","timestamp":1.634109210136e+12},{"hashAlgorithm":"SHA-256","logDescription":"Sectigo 'Sabre' CT log","logId":"5581D4C2169036014AEA0B9B573C53F0C0E43878702508172FA3AA1D0713D30C","origin":"Embedded in certificate","signatureAlgorithm":"ECDSA","signatureData":"3045022015D94080264A3FCA83C0F3DE2B85A703384BB678FEBBE5408B4FF7D30BD40900022100DFBAB7992EE99420724CA35A5C2C252298B750994B0EAA98ACB22992F97D545E","status":"Verified","timestamp":1.634109209393e+12}],"subjectName":"*.jd.com","validFrom":1634109205,"validTo":1668410005},"securityState":"secure","status":200,"statusText":"","timing":{"connectEnd":96.834,"connectStart":19.521,"dnsEnd":19.521,"dnsStart":0,"proxyEnd":-1,"proxyStart":-1,"pushEnd":0,"pushStart":0,"receiveHeadersEnd":217.707,"requestTime":2272960.91089,"sendEnd":97.25,"sendStart":97.03,"sslEnd":96.829,"sslStart":55.726,"workerFetchStart":-1,"workerReady":-1,"workerRespondWithSettled":-1,"workerStart":-1},"url":"https://item.m.jd.com/product/10052422060501.html"},"timestamp":2272961.1294,"type":"Document"}},"webview":"78D9BC6F0CBE162DA6779F410AA1500C"}}
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我们格式化一下,可以发现日志里已经包含了请求的大部分描述信息,我们需要遍历过滤出method为Network.responseReceived的日志,当然你也可以再根据其他的一些参数过滤出你要的请求
每个日志都有一个requestId,我们再通过该值调CDP命令[Network.getResponseBody]换取具体内容- {
- "message": {
- "method": "Network.responseReceived",
- "params": {
- "frameId": "78D9BC6F0CBE162DA6779F410AA1500C",
- "hasExtraInfo": true,
- "loaderId": "33814E6BD702343CF0A2A38C976C772F",
- "requestId": "33814E6BD702343CF0A2A38C976C772F",
- "response": {
- "connectionId": 242,
- "connectionReused": false,
- "encodedDataLength": 546,
- "fromDiskCache": false,
- "fromPrefetchCache": false,
- "fromServiceWorker": false,
- "headers": {
- "access-control-allow-credentials": "true",
- "access-control-allow-headers": "Origin, X-Requested-With, Content-Type, multipart/form-data, Accept, Authorization",
- "access-control-allow-methods": "POST, GET, PATCH, DELETE, PUT, OPTIONS",
- "access-control-allow-origin": "*",
- "access-control-max-age": "3600",
- "cache-control": "no-cache,no-store",
- "content-encoding": "gzip",
- "content-language": "zh-CN",
- "content-type": "text/html;charset=UTF-8",
- "date": "Wed, 03 Aug 2022 08:47:33 GMT",
- "hit": "bj-9153118133147527",
- "server": "jfe",
- "strict-transport-security": "max-age=86400",
- "vary": "Accept-Encoding"
- },
- "mimeType": "text/html",
- "protocol": "h2",
- "remoteIPAddress": "106.39.169.120",
- "remotePort": 443,
- "responseTime": 1.659516451658764e+12,
- "securityDetails": {
- "certificateId": 0,
- "certificateTransparencyCompliance": "compliant",
- "cipher": "AES_256_GCM",
- "issuer": "GlobalSign RSA OV SSL CA 2018",
- "keyExchange": "",
- "keyExchangeGroup": "X25519",
- "protocol": "TLS 1.3",
- "sanList": ["*.jd.com", "*.360buy.com", "*.360buyimg.com", "*.3.cn", "*.7fresh.com", "*.baitiao.com", "*.chinabank.com.cn", "*.e.jd.com", "*.jd.co.th", "*.jddglobal.com", "*.jd.hk", "*.jd.id", "*.jdpay.com", "*.jd.ru", "*.jdworldwide.com", "*.jdx.com", "*.joybuy.com", "*.joybuy.es", "*.jr.jd.com", "*.k.jd.com", "*.m.jd.com", "*.m.yhd.com", "*.shop.jd.com", "*.wangyin.com", "*.yhd.com", "*.yiyaojd.com", "360buy.com", "360buyimg.com", "3.cn", "7fresh.com", "baitiao.com", "chinabank.com.cn", "jd.co.th", "jddglobal.com", "jd.hk", "jd.id", "jdpay.com", "jd.ru", "jdworldwide.com", "jdx.com", "joybuy.com", "joybuy.es", "wangyin.com", "yhd.com", "yiyaojd.com", "jd.com"],
- "signedCertificateTimestampList": [{
- "hashAlgorithm": "SHA-256",
- "logDescription": "Sectigo 'Mammoth' CT log",
- "logId": "6F5376AC31F03119D89900A45115FF77151C11D902C10029068DB2089A37D913",
- "origin": "Embedded in certificate",
- "signatureAlgorithm": "ECDSA",
- "signatureData": "3045022017A2AC492303F50786758D0B4B63EEB8D031850832031FC5A43139C0CDA5EB4F0221009063F884220327718857A6897B87ED5D9F785FFC97F23BD45C84975A11DE721E",
- "status": "Verified",
- "timestamp": 1.634109209345e+12
- }, {
- "hashAlgorithm": "SHA-256",
- "logDescription": "Google 'Argon2022' log",
- "logId": "2979BEF09E393921F056739F63A577E5BE577D9C600AF8F94D5D265C255DC784",
- "origin": "Embedded in certificate",
- "signatureAlgorithm": "ECDSA",
- "signatureData": "3045022071D6D51A59CAA1764E478598AA8EE34B628C8F856B09CDB8382E090CF5D6D97D022100A8FE17E028BB6D439387721974ED3629B9CC44C90AC524B505B9B2375C75CBB9",
- "status": "Verified",
- "timestamp": 1.634109210136e+12
- }, {
- "hashAlgorithm": "SHA-256",
- "logDescription": "Sectigo 'Sabre' CT log",
- "logId": "5581D4C2169036014AEA0B9B573C53F0C0E43878702508172FA3AA1D0713D30C",
- "origin": "Embedded in certificate",
- "signatureAlgorithm": "ECDSA",
- "signatureData": "3045022015D94080264A3FCA83C0F3DE2B85A703384BB678FEBBE5408B4FF7D30BD40900022100DFBAB7992EE99420724CA35A5C2C252298B750994B0EAA98ACB22992F97D545E",
- "status": "Verified",
- "timestamp": 1.634109209393e+12
- }],
- "subjectName": "*.jd.com",
- "validFrom": 1634109205,
- "validTo": 1668410005
- },
- "securityState": "secure",
- "status": 200,
- "statusText": "",
- "timing": {
- "connectEnd": 96.834,
- "connectStart": 19.521,
- "dnsEnd": 19.521,
- "dnsStart": 0,
- "proxyEnd": -1,
- "proxyStart": -1,
- "pushEnd": 0,
- "pushStart": 0,
- "receiveHeadersEnd": 217.707,
- "requestTime": 2272960.91089,
- "sendEnd": 97.25,
- "sendStart": 97.03,
- "sslEnd": 96.829,
- "sslStart": 55.726,
- "workerFetchStart": -1,
- "workerReady": -1,
- "workerRespondWithSettled": -1,
- "workerStart": -1
- },
- "url": "https://item.m.jd.com/product/10052422060501.html"
- },
- "timestamp": 2272961.1294,
- "type": "Document"
- }
- },
- "webview": "78D9BC6F0CBE162DA6779F410AA1500C"
- }
复制代码
完整代码:- var option = new ChromeOptions();
- option.SetLoggingPreference("performance",OpenQA.Selenium.LogLevel.Info); //启用performance日志,等级为Info即可
- option.PerformanceLoggingPreferences = new ChromiumPerformanceLoggingPreferences() {
- IsCollectingNetworkEvents = true //采集网络请求事件
- };
- using (ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(driverPath,option,TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5))) {
- driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://item.m.jd.com/product/10052422060501.html");
- Thread.Sleep(3 * 1000); //等待页面加载完成
- var logs = driver.Manage().Logs.GetLog("performance").Where(o => o.Message.Contains(""Network.responseReceived""));//获取所有performance日志,并过滤出所有类型为Network.responseReceived的日志
- foreach (var log in logs) {
- //日志找不到就会抛出异常,必须要捕获异常
- try {
- var json = JObject.Parse(log.Message);
- var url = json["message"]["params"]["response"]["url"].ToString(); //请求url,可通过url过滤出你要的请求
- var requestId = json["message"]["params"]["requestId"].ToString();
- //利用RequestId做为参数,执行CDP命令获取日志详细内容。 踩坑警告:返回的是一个字典,需要转换为Dictionary<string,object>
- var response = driver.ExecuteCdpCommand("Network.getResponseBody",new Dictionary<string,object>() {{ "requestId",requestId }}) as Dictionary<string,object>;
- if (response.TryGetValue("body",out object? bodyObj) && bodyObj != null) {
- string body = bodyObj.ToString();
- Console.WriteLine($"输出Body内容:{body}");
- }
- } catch(Exception ex){
- //记录错误日志
- }
- }
- }
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封装
为了以后方便复用,我封装了一个类
其中过滤条件的入参,可以根据实际情况自行修改,如果不需要对body内容进行过滤可以去掉这个参数,这样就不用每次等待拿到结果再过滤,性能会好很多- /// <summary>
- /// Selenium网络请求日志帮助类
- /// </summary>
- public class NetworkLoggingHelper
- {
- static readonly Logger logger = NlogProvider.GetLogger();
- /// <summary>
- /// 开启网络请求日志
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="option"></param>
- public static void OpenNetworkPerformanceLogging(ref ChromeOptions option)
- {
- option.SetLoggingPreference("performance",OpenQA.Selenium.LogLevel.Info);
- option.PerformanceLoggingPreferences = new ChromiumPerformanceLoggingPreferences() {
- IsCollectingNetworkEvents = true
- };
- }
- /// <summary>
- /// 获取网络请求数据
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="driver"></param>
- /// <param name="filter">过滤条件 入参1:请求的url | 入参2:请求的mimeType | 入参3:请求的body</param>
- /// <returns></returns>
- public static Dictionary<string,string> GetNetworkApiDatas(ChromeDriver driver,Func<string,string,string,bool> filter)
- {
- Dictionary<string,string> datas = new Dictionary<string,string>();
- try {
- var logs = driver.Manage().Logs.GetLog("performance")?.Where(o => o.Message.Contains(""Network.responseReceived""));
- foreach (var log in logs) {
- try {
- var json = JObject.Parse(log.Message);
- if (json["message"]["params"] == null || json["message"]["params"]["response"] == null) {
- continue;
- }
- var url = json["message"]["params"]["response"]["url"].ToString();
- var mimeType = json["message"]["params"]["response"]["mimeType"].ToString();
- var requestId = json["message"]["params"]["requestId"].ToString();
- var response = driver.ExecuteCdpCommand("Network.getResponseBody",new Dictionary<string,object>() {
- { "requestId",requestId }
- }) as Dictionary<string,object>;
- if (response != null && response.Count > 0) {
- //是否base64编码
- var isBase64Encode = false;
- if (response.TryGetValue("base64Encoded",out object? base64Encoded) && base64Encoded != null) {
- isBase64Encode = (bool)base64Encoded;
- }
- //获取响应内容
- string body = string.Empty;
- if (response.TryGetValue("body",out object? bodyObj) && bodyObj != null) {
- body = bodyObj.ToString();
- if (isBase64Encode) {
- body = body.DecodeBase64(Encoding.UTF8);
- }
- }
- //根据条件过滤,如果不需要body内容参与过滤条件判断,这个if语句可以移到获取response的上面,性能会好很多
- if (filter.Invoke(url,mimeType,body)) {
- datas.Add(url,body);
- }
- }
- } catch (Exception ex) {
- logger.Error(ex.Message);
- }
- }
- } catch (Exception ex) {
- logger.Error($"获取日志失败:{ex.Message}");
- }
- return datas;
- }
- }
复制代码 调用示例:复制代码
Selenium工作原理
叙述一下selenium工作的过程
1.selenium client(python等语言编写的自动化测试脚本)初始化一个service服务,通过Webdriver启动浏览器驱动程序chromedriver.exe
2.通过RemoteWebDriver向浏览器驱动程序发送HTTP请求,浏览器驱动程序解析请求,打开浏览器,并获得sessionid,如果再次对浏览器操作需携带此id
3.打开浏览器,绑定特定的端口,把启动后的浏览器作为webdriver的remote server
3.打开浏览器后,所有的selenium的操作(访问地址,查找元素等)均通过RemoteConnection链接到remote server,然后使用execute方法调用_request方法通过urlib3向remote server发送请求
4.浏览器通过请求的内容执行对应动作
5.浏览器再把执行的动作结果通过浏览器驱动程序返回给测试脚本
6. webdriver.是 w3c 的标准协议。提供一组接口,用于发现和操作web文档中的DOM元素。
webdriver.是一系列的API.它给测试代码提供了定位和操作 wEB元素的能力。不同的开发语言有相应的wsbdriver.

↑↑↑↑ 该部分内容来自:https://www.cnblogs.com/xrxc/p/14776895.html
作者:Harry
原文出处:https://www.cnblogs.com/simendancer/articles/16546199.html
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