Linux下安装Mysql数据库

1.版本阐明和引用

• Linux版本Centos7
  
  1. [root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/version
  2. Linux version 3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64 (mockbuild@kbuilder.bsys.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Mon Oct 19 16:18:59 UTC 2020

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• Mysql版本8.4.0
  
• 安装方式手动rpm包安装
  
• 官方安装引导文档，其它系统和版本可参考文档MySQL :: MySQL 8.4 Reference Manual :: 2.5.4 Installing MySQL on Linux Using RPM Packages from Oracle
  
• 下载Mysql rpm包 MySQL :: Download MySQL Community Server (Archived Versions)
  同时支持Linux8/9 选择相应版本下载
  
  
  Bundle版本意思为合集，ARM和X86为系统架构，正常情况下是X86系统（Inter使用这个)
  
  
  
  
• 导入虚拟机
  1. [root@localhost opt]# pwd
  2. /opt
  3. [root@localhost opt]# ls
  4. mysql-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

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• 解压压缩包
  
  1. [root@localhost opt]# tar xvf mysql-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
  2. mysql-community-client-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  3. mysql-community-client-plugins-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  4. mysql-community-common-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  5. mysql-community-debuginfo-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  6. mysql-community-devel-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  7. mysql-community-embedded-compat-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  8. mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  9. mysql-community-libs-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  10. mysql-community-libs-compat-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  11. mysql-community-server-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  12. mysql-community-server-debug-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  13. mysql-community-test-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

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• 全部rmp包内容如下
  
•    MysqlRPM包     Rpm包名
  简介mysql-community-client客户端和工具包mysql-community-client-plugins客户端共享插件mysql-community-common客户/服务端共享库文件mysql-community-devel客户端开发者头/库文件mysql-community-embedded-compat嵌入式相关支持mysql-community-icu-data-files正则相关的ICU支持文件mysql-community-libs客户端/应用库文件mysql-community-libs-compat旧版兼容相关库文件mysql-community-server服务端和工具包mysql-community-server-debug服务调试和插件相关mysql-community-test服务器测试相关mysql-community源码文件Additional *debuginfo* RPMs可能还有其它debuginfo相关的rmp包
  

2.安装数据库

• 安装相应rpm包
  1. [root@localhost opt]# ls
  2. mysql-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
  3. mysql-community-client-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  4. mysql-community-client-plugins-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  5. mysql-community-common-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  6. mysql-community-debuginfo-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  7. mysql-community-devel-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  8. mysql-community-embedded-compat-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  9. mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  10. mysql-community-libs-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  11. mysql-community-libs-compat-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  12. mysql-community-server-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  13. mysql-community-server-debug-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  14. mysql-community-test-8.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  15. [root@localhost opt]# pwd
  16. /opt
  17. [root@localhost opt]# yum install mysql-community-{server,client,client-plugins,icu-data-files,common,libs}-*

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• 自动安装后默认设置如下
  
•    
  
       Files or Resources
  LocationClient programs and scripts/usr/binmysqld server/usr/sbinConfiguration file（设置文件）/etc/my.cnfData directory/var/lib/mysqlError log file（错误日志）
  For RHEL, Oracle Linux, CentOS or Fedora platforms: /var/log/mysqld.log
  
  
  For SLES: /var/log/mysql/mysqld.log
  
  Value of secure_file_priv/var/lib/mysql-filesSystem V init script
  For RHEL, Oracle Linux, CentOS or Fedora platforms: /etc/init.d/mysqld
  
  
  For SLES: /etc/init.d/mysql
  
  Systemd service
  For RHEL, Oracle Linux, CentOS or Fedora platforms: mysqld
  
  
  For SLES: mysql
  
  Pid file/var/run/mysql/mysqld.pidSocket/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sockKeyring directory/var/lib/mysql-keyringUnix manual pages/usr/share/manInclude (header) files/usr/include/mysqlLibraries/usr/lib/mysqlMiscellaneous support files (for example, error messages, and character set files)/usr/share/mysql
  
• 启动停止Mysql
  1. [root@localhost opt]# systemctl start mysqld
  2. [root@localhost opt]# systemctl restart mysqld
  3. [root@localhost opt]# systemctl stop mysqld

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• 查看临时密码
  1. [root@localhost opt]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
  2. 2024-08-13T02:20:22.872261Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: &9Y,cyZl_/gP

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• 登陆mysql
  
  1. [root@localhost opt]# mysql -uroot -p
  2. Enter password:
  3. Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
  4. Your MySQL connection id is 10
  5. Server version: 8.4.0 MySQL Community Server - GPL
  7. Copyright (c) 2000, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
  9. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
  10. affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
  11. owners.
  13. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
  15. mysql>

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• 修改密码（validate_password插件默认安装要求密码强度至少包含一个大写字母、一个小写字母、一位数字和一个特殊字符，并且密码总长度至少为8个字符）
  
  1. mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass4!';

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• 修改长途连接
  
  1. mysql> use mysql
  2. Reading table information for completion of table and column names
  3. You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
  5. Database changed
  6. mysql> update user set host="%" where user="root";
  7. Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  8. Rows matched: 1  Changed: 0  Warnings: 0

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• 开放防火墙3306端口
  
  1. [root@localhost local]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
  2. [root@localhost local]# firewall-cmd --reload
  3. [root@localhost local]# firewall-cmd --list-ports 查看所有开放的端口

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• 把密码强度修改为简单密码，修改文件后重启Mysql服务后登陆，再次修改密码可以设置简单密码，参见步骤4，6，7（可选）
  
  1. [root@localhost opt]# vi /etc/my.cnf
  3. # For advice on how to change settings please see
  4. # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
  6. [mysqld]
  7. #
  8. # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
  9. # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
  10. # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
  11. #
  12. # Remove the leading "# " to disable binary logging
  13. # Binary logging captures changes between backups and is enabled by
  14. # default. It's default setting is log_bin=binlog
  15. # disable_log_bin
  16. #
  17. # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
  18. # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
  19. # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
  20. # join_buffer_size = 128M
  21. # sort_buffer_size = 2M
  22. # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
  24. datadir=/var/lib/mysql
  25. socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
  26. bind-address=0.0.0.0
  27. log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
  28. pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
  29. #设置密码强度策略为低
  30. validate_password.policy=LOW
  31. #设置密码长度为6个
  32. validate_password.length=6

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• 添加本机免密登陆（可选)
  
  1. [root@localhost opt]# vi /etc/my.cnf
  3. # For advice on how to change settings please see
  4. # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
  6. [mysqld]
  7. #
  8. # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
  9. # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
  10. # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
  11. #
  12. # Remove the leading "# " to disable binary logging
  13. # Binary logging captures changes between backups and is enabled by
  14. # default. It's default setting is log_bin=binlog
  15. # disable_log_bin
  16. #
  17. # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
  18. # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
  19. # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
  20. # join_buffer_size = 128M
  21. # sort_buffer_size = 2M
  22. # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
  24. datadir=/var/lib/mysql
  25. socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
  26. bind-address=0.0.0.0
  27. log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
  28. pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
  29. validate_password.policy=LOW
  30. validate_password.length=6
  31. #密码用户名写在[client]下
  32. [client]
  33. user=root
  34. password=123456

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  直接使用mysql命令可以登陆命令行无需再输入密码
  
  1. [root@localhost opt]# mysql
  2. Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
  3. Your MySQL connection id is 12
  4. Server version: 8.4.0 MySQL Community Server - GPL
  6. Copyright (c) 2000, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
  8. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
  9. affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
  10. owners.
  12. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
  14. mysql>

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