5.MySQL常用函数
5.1合计/统计函数
5.1.1合计函数-count
count 返回行的总数- Select count(*)|count (列名) from table_name
- [WHERE where_definition]
复制代码练习
- -- 统计一个班级共有几个学生
- SELECT COUNT(*) FROM student
- -- 统计数学成绩大于90的学生有多少个
- SELECT COUNT(*) FROM student
- WHERE math > 90
-
- -- 统计总分大于250的人数有多少个
- SELECT COUNT(*) FROM student
- WHERE chinese+english+math> 250
复制代码 count(*) 和 count(列)的区别:
count(*)返回满足条件的记录的行数
count(列)统计满足条件的某列有多少个,但是会排除为null的情况
5.1.2合计函数-sum
sum函数返回满足where条件的行的和,一般使用在数值列- Select sum(列名) {,sum(列名)...} from tablename
- [WHERE where_definition]
复制代码练习
- -- sum函数
- -- 统计一个班的数学总成绩
- SELECT SUM(math) FROM student
- -- 统计一个班语文、英语、数学各科的总成绩
- SELECT SUM(math),SUM(english),SUM(chinese) FROM student
- -- 统计一个班语文、英语、数学的成绩总和
- SELECT SUM(math+english+chinese) FROM student
- -- 统计一个班级语文成绩平均分
- SELECT SUM(chinese)/COUNT(*) FROM student
复制代码 注意:
sum仅对数值起作用,否则没有意义
对多列求和,“ , ” 不能少
5.1.3合计函数-avg
avg函数返回满足where条件的一列的平均值- Select avg (列名) {,avg(列名)...} from tablename
- [WHERE where_definition]
复制代码练习
- -- avg 函数
- -- 求一个班级数学平均分
- SELECT AVG(math) FROM student
- -- 求一个班级总分平均分
- SELECT AVG(chinese+english+math) FROM student
复制代码 5.1.4 合计函数-Max/min
Max/min函数返回满足where条件的一列的最大/最小值- Select max (列名) {,avg(列名)...} from tablename
- [WHERE where_definition]
复制代码练习
- -- max和min 函数
- -- 求班级最高分和最低分
- SELECT MAX(chinese+english+math),MIN(chinese+english+math)FROM student
- -- 求班级数学最高分和最低分
- SELECT MAX(math),MIN(math)FROM student
复制代码 5.1.5分组统计-group by
- SELECT column1,column2,column3... FROM table
- group by column
复制代码- SELECT column1,column2,column3...
- FROM table
- group by column having ...
复制代码练习:
[code]-- 先创建测试表CREATE TABLE dept( /*部门表*/deptno MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0, dname VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT "",loc VARCHAR(13) NOT NULL DEFAULT "");INSERT INTO dept VALUES(10, 'ACCOUNTING', 'NEW YORK'), (20, 'RESEARCH', 'DALLAS'), (30, 'SALES', 'CHICAGO'), (40, 'OPERATIONS', 'BOSTON');SELECT * FROM dept;-- 员工表CREATE TABLE emp(empno MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0, /*编号*/ename VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT "", /*名字*/job VARCHAR(9) NOT NULL DEFAULT "",/*工作*/mgr MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED ,/*上级编号*/hiredate DATE NOT NULL,/*入职时间*/sal DECIMAL(7,2) NOT NULL,/*薪水*/comm DECIMAL(7,2) ,/*红利 奖金*/deptno MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 /*部门编号*/);-- 添加测试数据 INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7369, 'SMITH', 'CLERK', 7902, '1990-12-17', 800.00,NULL , 20), (7499, 'ALLEN', 'SALESMAN', 7698, '1991-2-20', 1600.00, 300.00, 30), (7521, 'WARD', 'SALESMAN', 7698, '1991-2-22', 1250.00, 500.00, 30), (7566, 'JONES', 'MANAGER', 7839, '1991-4-2', 2975.00,NULL,20), (7654, 'MARTIN', 'SALESMAN', 7698, '1991-9-28',1250.00,1400.00,30), (7698, 'BLAKE','MANAGER', 7839,'1991-5-1', 2850.00,NULL,30), (7782, 'CLARK','MANAGER', 7839, '1991-6-9',2450.00,NULL,10), (7788, 'SCOTT','ANALYST',7566, '1997-4-19',3000.00,NULL,20), (7839, 'KING','PRESIDENT',NULL,'1991-11-17',5000.00,NULL,10), (7844, 'TURNER', 'SALESMAN',7698, '1991-9-8', 1500.00, NULL,30), (7900, 'JAMES','CLERK',7698, '1991-12-3',950.00,NULL,30), (7902, 'FORD', 'ANALYST',7566,'1991-12-3',3000.00, NULL,20), (7934,'MILLER','CLERK',7782,'1992-1-23', 1300.00, NULL,10);SELECT * FROM emp;-- 工资级别#工资级别表CREATE TABLE salgrade(grade MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0, /*工资级别*/ losal DECIMAL(17,2) NOT NULL, /* 该级别的最低工资 */hisal DECIMAL(17,2) NOT NULL /* 该级别的最高工资*/);INSERT INTO salgrade VALUES (1,700,1200);INSERT INTO salgrade VALUES (2,1201,1400);INSERT INTO salgrade VALUES (3,1401,2000);INSERT INTO salgrade VALUES (4,2001,3000);INSERT INTO salgrade VALUES (5,3001,9999);SELECT * FROM salgrade;SELECT * FROM dept;SELECT * FROM emp;# 演示group by + having# GROUP by用于对查询的结果分组统计, having子句用于限制分组显示结果.-- 如何显示每个部门的平均工资和最高工资-- 按照部门来分组查询SELECT AVG(sal),MAX(sal) ,deptno FROM emp GROUP BY deptno;-- 显示每个部门的每种岗位的平均工资和最低工资# 1.先显示每个部门的平均工资和最低工资# 2.再显示每个部门的每种岗位的平均工资和最低工资SELECT AVG(sal),MIN(sal) ,deptno,job FROM emp GROUP BY deptno,job; -- 先按照部门分组,再按照岗位分组-- 显示平均工资低于2000的部门号和它的平均工资# 1.先显示各个部门的平均工资和部门号# 2.再显示平均工资低于2000的(having过滤)SELECT AVG(sal),deptno FROM emp GROUP BY deptno HAVING AVG(sal) |