- 普通线程实现异步,但频繁创建、销毁线程比较耗资源,所以一般交给线程池执行
- //创建需要异步执行的逻辑
- public class AsyncThread implements Runnable{
- @Override
- public void run() {
- System.out.println("异步线程开始");
- long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
- try {
- TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- throw new RuntimeException(e);
- }
- long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
- System.out.println("异步线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "结束,耗时:" + (end - start));
- }
- }
- //在业务中进行调用
- @GetMapping("/thread")
- public String asyncThread(){
- ThreadPoolExecutor threadPool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(3, 3, 5, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(10), new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy());
- long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
- //自己的业务代码。。。
- AsyncThread asyncThread = new AsyncThread();
- threadPool.execute(asyncThread);
- long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
- return "返回,耗时:" + (end - start);
- }
复制代码 结果:
- Future异步
和普通线程实现异步区别不大,只是使用Future是要获取执行后的返回值- //创建具有返回值的任务
- public class CallableThread implements Callable {
- @Override
- public String call() throws Exception {
- long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
- StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
- stopWatch.start();
- System.out.println("callable任务开始执行:" + start);
- TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
- System.out.println();
- stopWatch.stop();
- System.out.println("stopWatch.prettyPrint------");
- System.out.println(stopWatch.prettyPrint());
- System.out.println("stopWatch.shortSummary------");
- System.out.println(stopWatch.shortSummary());
- System.out.println("stopWatch.getTotalTimeMillis------");
- System.out.println(stopWatch.getTotalTimeMillis());
- return "call执行结束 ";
- }
- }
- //在业务中进行调用
- public String threadFuture(){
- ThreadPoolExecutor threadPool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(3, 3, 5, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(10), new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy());
- long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
- CallableThread callableThread = new CallableThread();
- Future<String> submit = threadPool.submit(callableThread);
- try {
- //在获取返回值时会阻塞主线程
- String s = "";
- s = submit.get();
- System.out.println(s);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- System.out.println("线程运行发生错误" + e.getMessage());
- throw new RuntimeException(e);
- }
- long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
- return "接口返回,耗时:" + (end - start);
- }
复制代码 结果:
- Spring的@Async异步
- 使用@Async注解实现异步的前提是需要在启动类上标注@EnableAsync来开启异步配置
- 配置线程池(@Async默认情况下用的是SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor线程池,该线程池不是真正意义上的线程池,使用此线程池无法实现线程重用,每次调用都会新建一条线程。若系统中不断的创建线程,最终会导致系统占用内存过高,引发OutOfMemoryError错误)
- /**
- * 线程池配置,可以配置多个线程池
- * @Async注解,默认使用系统自定义线程池,可在项目中设置多个线程池,在异步调用的时候,指明需要调用的线程池名称
- * 比如:@Async("线程池1")
- */
- @Configuration
- public class ExecutorConfig {
- /**
- * 自定义线程池
- */
- @Bean("myExecutor")
- public Executor taskExecutor(){
- System.out.println("系统最大线程数:" + Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors());
- ThreadPoolTaskExecutor threadPoolTaskExecutor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
- threadPoolTaskExecutor.setCorePoolSize(8);//核心线程数
- threadPoolTaskExecutor.setMaxPoolSize(16);//最大线程数
- threadPoolTaskExecutor.setQueueCapacity(1000);//配置队列容量
- threadPoolTaskExecutor.setKeepAliveSeconds(60);//空闲线程存活时间
- threadPoolTaskExecutor.setThreadNamePrefix("myExecutor-");//线程名字前缀
- return threadPoolTaskExecutor;
- }
- }
复制代码 - 编写异步方法的逻辑,异步方法所在的类需要被Spring管理
- @Service
- public class AsyncServiceImpl implements AsyncService {
- @Override
- @Async("myExecutor")
- public void sendMsg() {
- System.out.println("进入异步方法");
- System.out.println("当前线程名称:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
- try {
- TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- throw new RuntimeException(e);
- }
- System.out.println("异步方法执行完成");
- }
- /**
- * 具有返回值的异步方法,返回类型为Future,返回时new 一个AsyncResult对象,其中参数为返回的内容
- * @return
- */
- @Override
- @Async("myExecutor")
- public Future<String> sendMsgFuture() {
- System.out.println("进入future异步方法");
- try {
- TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- throw new RuntimeException(e);
- }
- return new AsyncResult<>("future异步方法执行完成");
- }
- }
复制代码 - 在业务逻辑中调用
- @GetMapping("/asyncMethod")
- public String asyncMethod(){
- System.out.println("aaa");
- System.out.println("调用异步方法");
- asyncService.sendMsg();
- System.out.println("bbb");
- return "asyncMethod方法返回";
- }
复制代码 调用没有返回值的异步方法结果:- @GetMapping("/asyncFutureMethod")
- public String asyncFutureMethod(){
- System.out.println("aaa");
- Future<String> stringFuture = asyncService.sendMsgFuture();
- System.out.println("bbb");
- try {
- System.out.println(stringFuture.get());//get方法会阻塞主线程
- } catch (Exception e) {
- throw new RuntimeException(e);
- }
- return "asyncfutureMethod方法返回";
- }
复制代码 调用有返回值的异步方法结果:
- Spring的ApplicationEvent事件实现异步
- 定义事件,继承ApplicationEvent类
- public class MessageEvent extends ApplicationEvent {
- @Getter
- private String message;
- public MessageEvent(Object source, String message) {
- super(source);
- this.message = message;
- }
- }
复制代码 - 定义监听器(需要被Spring管理)
使用@EventListener注解写在方法上定义一个监听器,即事件被触发时执行的方法(默认是同步执行,可以使用@Async注解标注为异步执行),支持多个监听器监听同一个事件。- @Component
- public class MessageEventHandler {
- //@Async
- @EventListener
- public void handleLoginEvent(LoginEvent event){
- System.out.println("接受到LoginEvent事件");
- try {
- TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- throw new RuntimeException(e);
- }
- System.out.println(event.getUsername());
- System.out.println("LoginEvent事件处理完成");
- }
- //@Async
- @EventListener
- public void handleMessageEvent(MessageEvent event){
- System.out.println("接受到MessageEvent事件");
- try {
- TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- throw new RuntimeException(e);
- }
- System.out.println(event.getMessage());
- System.out.println("MessageEvent事件处理完成");
- }
- }
复制代码 - 定义事件发布者(触发事件的)(需要被Spring管理)
实现ApplicationEventPublisherAware接口- @Component
- public class EventPublisher implements ApplicationEventPublisherAware {
- private ApplicationEventPublisher publisher;
- @Override
- public void setApplicationEventPublisher(ApplicationEventPublisher applicationEventPublisher) {
- this.publisher = applicationEventPublisher;
- }
- public void publish(ApplicationEvent event){
- if (event instanceof MessageEvent){
- System.out.println("开始发布MessageEvent事件:" + ((MessageEvent) event).getMessage());
- } else if (event instanceof LoginEvent) {
- System.out.println("开始发布LoginEvent事件:" + ((LoginEvent) event).getUsername());
- }
- //发布事件
- publisher.publishEvent(event);
- System.out.println("事件发布结束");
- }
- }
复制代码 - 业务代码执行时触发事件
- @GetMapping("/pubEvent")
- public String publishEvent(){
- System.out.println("业务逻辑开始");
- eventPublisher.publish(new MessageEvent(this,"testEvent"));
- System.out.println("业务逻辑结束");
- return "发布成功";
- }
复制代码 执行结果:
由控制台打印可以发现现在事件监听器方法的执行是同步的,如果需要异步执行,在监听器方法上加个@Async注解即可,但使用Async注解的前提是在启动类上标注@EnableAsync注解来开启异步配置
使用@Async注解后执行结果:
可以看到监听器中的打印在最后了,证明是异步执行的
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