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深入内核表明白Android Binder【一】实现了Binder跨进程通信的客户端和服务端的C语言Demo,并对服务端向service_manager注册服务,客户端向service_manager获取服务的源码举行了详细分析,但分析仅止步于用户态,深入内核表明白Android Binder【二】,详细分析了服务注册过程Binder驱动内核源码,本篇文章继续分析服务获取过程及利用过程的Binder驱动内核源码。相信有了对上一篇文章的基础,这篇文章读起来应该轻松很多,那么我们就开始吧~
一、服务的获取过程内核源码剖析
1. 客户端获取服务的用户态源码回顾
深入内核表明白Android Binder【一】详细分析了客户端获取服务的用户态源码,这里简单回顾一下客户端通过svcmgr_lookup函数获取服务的用户态源码。
- int main(int argc, char **argv)
- {
- int fd;
- struct binder_state *bs;
- uint32_t svcmgr = BINDER_SERVICE_MANAGER;
- uint32_t handle;
- int ret;
- if (argc < 2){
- fprintf(stderr, "Usage:\n");
- fprintf(stderr, "%s <hello|goodbye>\n", argv[0]);
- fprintf(stderr, "%s <hello|goodbye> <name>\n", argv[0]);
- return -1;
- }
-
- //打开驱动
- bs = binder_open(128*1024);
- if (!bs) {
- fprintf(stderr, "failed to open binder driver\n");
- return -1;
- }
- g_bs = bs;
-
- //向service_manager发送数据,获得hello服务句柄
- handle = svcmgr_lookup(bs, svcmgr, "hello");
- if (!handle) {
- fprintf(stderr, "failed to get hello service\n");
- return -1;
- }
- g_hello_handle = handle;
- fprintf(stderr, "Handle for hello service = %d\n", g_hello_handle);
- /* 向服务端发送数据 */
- if (!strcmp(argv[1], "hello"))
- {
- if (argc == 2) {
- sayhello();
- } else if (argc == 3) {
- ret = sayhello_to(argv[2]);
- fprintf(stderr, "get ret of sayhello_to = %d\n", ret);
- }
- }
- binder_release(bs, handle);
- return 0;
- }
- uint32_t svcmgr_lookup(struct binder_state *bs, uint32_t target, const char *name)
- {
- uint32_t handle;
- unsigned iodata[512/4];
- struct binder_io msg, reply;
- bio_init(&msg, iodata, sizeof(iodata), 4); // 为msg划分iodata的空间
- bio_put_uint32(&msg, 0); // strict mode header
- bio_put_string16_x(&msg, SVC_MGR_NAME); // 写入android.os.IServiceManager
- bio_put_string16_x(&msg, name); // 写入服务名 hello
- // target = 0,代表service_manager,SVC_MGR_CHECK_SERVICE代表需要调用service_manager的查找服务的函数
- if (binder_call(bs, &msg, &reply, target, SVC_MGR_CHECK_SERVICE))
- return 0;
- // 获取hello服务的句柄
- handle = bio_get_ref(&reply);
- if (handle)
- binder_acquire(bs, handle);
- binder_done(bs, &msg, &reply);
- return handle;
- }
- int binder_call(struct binder_state *bs,
- struct binder_io *msg, struct binder_io *reply,
- uint32_t target, uint32_t code)
- {
- int res;
- struct binder_write_read bwr;
- struct {
- uint32_t cmd;
- struct binder_transaction_data txn;
- } __attribute__((packed)) writebuf;
- unsigned readbuf[32];
- if (msg->flags & BIO_F_OVERFLOW) {
- fprintf(stderr,"binder: txn buffer overflow\n");
- goto fail;
- }
- // 构造binder_transaction_data
- writebuf.cmd = BC_TRANSACTION;//ioclt类型
- writebuf.txn.target.handle = target;//数据发送给哪个进程
- writebuf.txn.code = code;//调用进程的哪个函数
- writebuf.txn.flags = 0;
- writebuf.txn.data_size = msg->data - msg->data0;//数据本身大小
- writebuf.txn.offsets_size = ((char*) msg->offs) - ((char*) msg->offs0);//数据头大小,指向binder_node实体(发送端提供服务函数的地址),bio_put_obj(&msg, ptr);
- writebuf.txn.data.ptr.buffer = (uintptr_t)msg->data0;//指向数据本身内存起点
- writebuf.txn.data.ptr.offsets = (uintptr_t)msg->offs0;//指向数据头内存起点
-
- // 构造binder_write_read
- bwr.write_size = sizeof(writebuf);
- bwr.write_consumed = 0;
- bwr.write_buffer = (uintptr_t) &writebuf;
- hexdump(msg->data0, msg->data - msg->data0);
- for (;;) {
- bwr.read_size = sizeof(readbuf);
- bwr.read_consumed = 0;
- bwr.read_buffer = (uintptr_t) readbuf;
- res = ioctl(bs->fd, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr);//调用ioctl发送数据给驱动程序
- if (res < 0) {
- fprintf(stderr,"binder: ioctl failed (%s)\n", strerror(errno));
- goto fail;
- }
- // 解析数据,将readbuf中的数据解析给reply
- res = binder_parse(bs, reply, (uintptr_t) readbuf, bwr.read_consumed, 0);
- if (res == 0) return 0;
- if (res < 0) goto fail;
- }
- fail:
- memset(reply, 0, sizeof(*reply));
- reply->flags |= BIO_F_IOERROR;
- return -1;
- }
复制代码 可以看到svcmgr_lookup函数也是构造好binder_io数据,然后调用binder_call函数,把binder_io数据封装为binder_write_read数据,最后通过ioctl发送给service_manager。
这个过程和深入内核表明白Android Binder【二】中分析的服务端向service_manager注册服务的过程类似,都是构造数据,然后通过ioctl把数据发给service_manager。
那么下面我们就进入linux内核源码,分析数据发给service_manager后,到底干了什么。
2. 客户端获取服务的内核源码分析
服务端调用ioctl,对应会调用到内核Binder驱动程序中的binder_ioctl函数,点击检察源码
2.1 客户端向service_manager发送数据
1. binder_ioctl
- // 客户端调用ioctl发送数据给驱动程序
- res = ioctl(bs->fd, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr);
- // 对应Binder内核驱动程序调用binder_ioctl函数处理数据
- static long binder_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
- {
- int ret;
- // 获取服务的binder_proc,它是在服务打开binder驱动的时候创建的,后面我们会分析
- struct binder_proc *proc = filp->private_data;
- struct binder_thread *thread;
- void __user *ubuf = (void __user *)arg;
- /*pr_info("binder_ioctl: %d:%d %x %lx\n",
- proc->pid, current->pid, cmd, arg);*/
- binder_selftest_alloc(&proc->alloc);
- trace_binder_ioctl(cmd, arg);
- ret = wait_event_interruptible(binder_user_error_wait, binder_stop_on_user_error < 2);
- if (ret)
- goto err_unlocked;
- //为服务进程proc创建binder_thread
- thread = binder_get_thread(proc);
- if (thread == NULL) {
- ret = -ENOMEM;
- goto err;
- }
-
- // 从上面的分析可知此时cmd=BINDER_WRITE_READ
- switch (cmd) {
- case BINDER_WRITE_READ:
- // 处理服客户端数据
- ret = binder_ioctl_write_read(filp, arg, thread);
- if (ret)
- goto err;
- break;
-
- ......
- }
复制代码 2. binder_ioctl_write_read
- static int binder_ioctl_write_read(struct file *filp, unsigned long arg,
- struct binder_thread *thread)
- {
- int ret = 0;
- struct binder_proc *proc = filp->private_data;
- void __user *ubuf = (void __user *)arg; // 用户空间的数据
- // 从用户空间获取客户端发送的数据binder_write_read
- struct binder_write_read bwr;
- //从用户空间发送的数据头拷贝到内核空间(这部分内核空间被mmap映射到了目标进程)
- if (copy_from_user(&bwr, ubuf, sizeof(bwr))) {
- ret = -EFAULT;
- goto out;
- }
- binder_debug(BINDER_DEBUG_READ_WRITE,
- "%d:%d write %lld at %016llx, read %lld at %016llx\n",
- proc->pid, thread->pid,
- (u64)bwr.write_size, (u64)bwr.write_buffer,
- (u64)bwr.read_size, (u64)bwr.read_buffer);
-
- // 上面已经分析过客户端发送的数据保存在binder_write_read,此时它的write_size是大于0的
- if (bwr.write_size > 0) { // 向驱动程序写数据
- ret = binder_thread_write(proc, thread,
- bwr.write_buffer,
- bwr.write_size,
- &bwr.write_consumed);
- trace_binder_write_done(ret);
- if (ret < 0) {
- bwr.read_consumed = 0;
- if (copy_to_user(ubuf, &bwr, sizeof(bwr)))
- ret = -EFAULT;
- goto out;
- }
- }
- if (bwr.read_size > 0) { // 从驱动程序读数据
- ret = binder_thread_read(proc, thread, bwr.read_buffer,
- bwr.read_size,
- &bwr.read_consumed,
- filp->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK);
- trace_binder_read_done(ret);
- binder_inner_proc_lock(proc);
- if (!binder_worklist_empty_ilocked(&proc->todo))
- binder_wakeup_proc_ilocked(proc);
- binder_inner_proc_unlock(proc);
- if (ret < 0) {
- if (copy_to_user(ubuf, &bwr, sizeof(bwr)))
- ret = -EFAULT;
- goto out;
- }
- }
- binder_debug(BINDER_DEBUG_READ_WRITE,
- "%d:%d wrote %lld of %lld, read return %lld of %lld\n",
- proc->pid, thread->pid,
- (u64)bwr.write_consumed, (u64)bwr.write_size,
- (u64)bwr.read_consumed, (u64)bwr.read_size);
- // 复制数据给到用户空间
- if (copy_to_user(ubuf, &bwr, sizeof(bwr))) {
- ret = -EFAULT;
- goto out;
- }
- out:
- return ret;
- }
- static inline int copy_from_user(void *to, const void __user volatile *from,
- unsigned long n)
- {
- volatile_memcpy(to, from, n);
- return 0;
- }
- static inline int copy_to_user(void __user volatile *to, const void *from,
- unsigned long n)
- {
- volatile_memcpy(to, from, n);
- return 0;
- }
复制代码 3. binder_thread_write
此时cmd是BC_TRANSACTION
- static int binder_thread_write(struct binder_proc *proc,
- struct binder_thread *thread,
- binder_uintptr_t binder_buffer, size_t size,
- binder_size_t *consumed)
- {
- uint32_t cmd;
- struct binder_context *context = proc->context;
- // 获取数据buffer,根据上面总结的发送数据可知,这个buffer由cmd和binder_transcation_data两部分数据组成
- void __user *buffer = (void __user *)(uintptr_t)binder_buffer;
- // 发送来的数据consumed=0,因此ptr指向用户空间数据buffer的起点
- void __user *ptr = buffer + *consumed;
- // 指向数据buffer的末尾
- void __user *end = buffer + size;
- // 逐个读取客户端发送来的数据(cmd+binder_transcation_data)
- while (ptr < end && thread->return_error.cmd == BR_OK) {
- int ret;
-
- // 获取用户空间中buffer的cmd值
- if (get_user(cmd, (uint32_t __user *)ptr))
- return -EFAULT;
- // 移动指针到cmd的位置之后,指向binder_transcation_data数据的内存起点
- ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
- trace_binder_command(cmd);
- if (_IOC_NR(cmd) < ARRAY_SIZE(binder_stats.bc)) {
- atomic_inc(&binder_stats.bc[_IOC_NR(cmd)]);
- atomic_inc(&proc->stats.bc[_IOC_NR(cmd)]);
- atomic_inc(&thread->stats.bc[_IOC_NR(cmd)]);
- }
- // 根据上面总结的发送数据可知,cmd是BC_TRANSACTION
- switch (cmd) {
- ......
- /*
- BC_TRANSACTION:进程发送信息的cmd
- BR_TRANSACTION:进程接收BC_TRANSACTION发送信息的cmd
-
- BC_REPLY:进程回复信息的cmd
- BR_REPLY:进程接收BC_REPLY回复信息的cmd
- */
- case BC_TRANSACTION:
- case BC_REPLY: {
- struct binder_transaction_data tr;
-
- // 从用户空间拷贝binder_transaction_data到内核空间
- if (copy_from_user(&tr, ptr, sizeof(tr)))
- return -EFAULT;
- // 移动指针到binder_transaction_data的位置之后,指向下一个cmd数据的内存起点
- ptr += sizeof(tr);
- // 处理binder_transaction_data数据
- binder_transaction(proc, thread, &tr,
- cmd == BC_REPLY, 0);
- break;
- }
- }
- }
- ......
- }
- int get_user(int *val, const int __user *ptr) {
- if (copy_from_user(val, ptr, sizeof(int))) {
- return -EFAULT; // 返回错误码
- }
- return 0; // 成功
- }
复制代码 4. binder_transaction
4.1 找到目的进程service_manager
- static void binder_transaction(struct binder_proc *proc,
- struct binder_thread *thread,
- struct binder_transaction_data *tr, int reply,
- binder_size_t extra_buffers_size)
- {
- ......
- // 此时是客户端向内核发送数据,reply为false
- if (reply) { // Binder内核驱动程序向用户空间回复数据的处理逻辑
- ......
- } else { // 用户空间数据发送给内核空间的处理逻辑
- //1. 找到目的进程,本次分析的是向service_manager获取服务,因此目的进程就是tr->target.handle=0的service_manager
- if (tr->target.handle) { // tr->target.handle == 0 代表是service_manager进程,否则是其它进程
- .......
- } else { //处理service_manager进程
- mutex_lock(&context->context_mgr_node_lock);
- //这个node是在创建service_manager时通过BINDER_SET_CONTEXT_MGR的cmd创建的
- target_node = context->binder_context_mgr_node;
- if (target_node)
- target_node = binder_get_node_refs_for_txn(
- target_node, &target_proc,
- &return_error);
- else
- return_error = BR_DEAD_REPLY;
- mutex_unlock(&context->context_mgr_node_lock);
- if (target_node && target_proc->pid == proc->pid) {
- binder_user_error("%d:%d got transaction to context manager from process owning it\n",
- proc->pid, thread->pid);
- return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
- return_error_param = -EINVAL;
- return_error_line = __LINE__;
- goto err_invalid_target_handle;
- }
- }
- ......
- }
- }
复制代码 4.2 拷贝客户端binder_transaction_data数据中的data.ptr.offsets到service_manager的mmap内核空间
- static void binder_transaction(struct binder_proc *proc,
- struct binder_thread *thread,
- struct binder_transaction_data *tr, int reply,
- binder_size_t extra_buffers_size)
- {
- int ret;
- struct binder_transaction *t;
- struct binder_work *w;
- struct binder_work *tcomplete;
- binder_size_t buffer_offset = 0;
- binder_size_t off_start_offset, off_end_offset;
- binder_size_t off_min;
- binder_size_t sg_buf_offset, sg_buf_end_offset;
- binder_size_t user_offset = 0;
- struct binder_proc *target_proc = NULL;
- struct binder_thread *target_thread = NULL;
- struct binder_node *target_node = NULL;
- struct binder_transaction *in_reply_to = NULL;
- struct binder_transaction_log_entry *e;
- uint32_t return_error = 0;
- uint32_t return_error_param = 0;
- uint32_t return_error_line = 0;
- binder_size_t last_fixup_obj_off = 0;
- binder_size_t last_fixup_min_off = 0;
- struct binder_context *context = proc->context;
- int t_debug_id = atomic_inc_return(&binder_last_id);
- ktime_t t_start_time = ktime_get();
- char *secctx = NULL;
- u32 secctx_sz = 0;
- struct list_head sgc_head;
- struct list_head pf_head;
- const void __user *user_buffer = (const void __user *)
- (uintptr_t)tr->data.ptr.buffer;
- INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sgc_head);
- INIT_LIST_HEAD(&pf_head);
- e = binder_transaction_log_add(&binder_transaction_log);
- e->debug_id = t_debug_id;
- e->call_type = reply ? 2 : !!(tr->flags & TF_ONE_WAY);
- e->from_proc = proc->pid;
- e->from_thread = thread->pid;
- e->target_handle = tr->target.handle;
- e->data_size = tr->data_size;
- e->offsets_size = tr->offsets_size;
- strscpy(e->context_name, proc->context->name, BINDERFS_MAX_NAME);
- binder_inner_proc_lock(proc);
- binder_set_extended_error(&thread->ee, t_debug_id, BR_OK, 0);
- binder_inner_proc_unlock(proc);
- if (reply) {// 找到要回复的进程
- ......
- } else {// 1. 找到要发送的目的进程
- if (tr->target.handle) { // 目的进程非service_manager进程
- .....
- } else { //目的进程是service_manager进程
- // 找到service_manager的binder_node节点
- .....
- }
- ......
- }
- if (target_thread)
- e->to_thread = target_thread->pid;
- e->to_proc = target_proc->pid;
- /* TODO: reuse incoming transaction for reply */
- // 为binder_transcation分配内存
- t = kzalloc(sizeof(*t), GFP_KERNEL);
-
- .....
- if (!reply && !(tr->flags & TF_ONE_WAY))
- t->from = thread;
- else
- t->from = NULL;
- // 存储发送双方的基本信息
- t->from_pid = proc->pid;
- t->from_tid = thread->pid;
- t->sender_euid = task_euid(proc->tsk);
- t->to_proc = target_proc;
- t->to_thread = target_thread;
- t->code = tr->code;
- t->flags = tr->flags;
- t->priority = task_nice(current);
- ......
- t->buffer = binder_alloc_new_buf(&target_proc->alloc, tr->data_size,
- tr->offsets_size, extra_buffers_size,
- !reply && (t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY));
- ......
-
- t->buffer->debug_id = t->debug_id;
- t->buffer->transaction = t;
- t->buffer->target_node = target_node;
- t->buffer->clear_on_free = !!(t->flags & TF_CLEAR_BUF);
- trace_binder_transaction_alloc_buf(t->buffer);
-
- // 把客户端的数据拷贝到目的进程service_manager mmap的内存空间,即t->buffer指向的内存空间
- if (binder_alloc_copy_user_to_buffer(
- &target_proc->alloc,
- t->buffer,
- ALIGN(tr->data_size, sizeof(void *)),
- (const void __user *)
- (uintptr_t)tr->data.ptr.offsets,
- tr->offsets_size)) {
- binder_user_error("%d:%d got transaction with invalid offsets ptr\n",
- proc->pid, thread->pid);
- return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
- return_error_param = -EFAULT;
- return_error_line = __LINE__;
- goto err_copy_data_failed;
- }
- ......
- }
- /**
- * binder_alloc_copy_user_to_buffer() - copy src user to tgt user
- * @alloc: binder_alloc for this proc
- * @buffer: binder buffer to be accessed
- * @buffer_offset: offset into @buffer data
- * @from: userspace pointer to source buffer
- * @bytes: bytes to copy
- *
- * Copy bytes from source userspace to target buffer.
- *
- * Return: bytes remaining to be copied
- */
- unsigned long
- binder_alloc_copy_user_to_buffer(struct binder_alloc *alloc,
- struct binder_buffer *buffer,
- binder_size_t buffer_offset,
- const void __user *from,
- size_t bytes)
- {
- if (!check_buffer(alloc, buffer, buffer_offset, bytes))
- return bytes;
- while (bytes) {
- unsigned long size;
- unsigned long ret;
- struct page *page;
- pgoff_t pgoff;
- void *kptr;
- page = binder_alloc_get_page(alloc, buffer,
- buffer_offset, &pgoff);
- size = min_t(size_t, bytes, PAGE_SIZE - pgoff);
- kptr = kmap_local_page(page) + pgoff;
- // 拷贝服务端数据到service_manager mmap的内核内存空间
- ret = copy_from_user(kptr, from, size);
- kunmap_local(kptr);
- if (ret)
- return bytes - size + ret;
- bytes -= size;
- from += size;
- buffer_offset += size;
- }
- return 0;
- }
复制代码 4.3 拷贝客户端binder_transaction_data数据中的data.ptr.buffer到service_manager的mmap内核空间
- static void binder_transaction(struct binder_proc *proc,
- struct binder_thread *thread,
- struct binder_transaction_data *tr, int reply,
- binder_size_t extra_buffers_size)
- {
- int ret;
- struct binder_transaction *t;
- struct binder_work *w;
- struct binder_work *tcomplete;
- binder_size_t buffer_offset = 0;
- binder_size_t off_start_offset, off_end_offset;
- binder_size_t off_min;
- binder_size_t sg_buf_offset, sg_buf_end_offset;
- binder_size_t user_offset = 0;
- struct binder_proc *target_proc = NULL;
- struct binder_thread *target_thread = NULL;
- struct binder_node *target_node = NULL;
- struct binder_transaction *in_reply_to = NULL;
- struct binder_transaction_log_entry *e;
- uint32_t return_error = 0;
- uint32_t return_error_param = 0;
- uint32_t return_error_line = 0;
- binder_size_t last_fixup_obj_off = 0;
- binder_size_t last_fixup_min_off = 0;
- struct binder_context *context = proc->context;
- int t_debug_id = atomic_inc_return(&binder_last_id);
- ktime_t t_start_time = ktime_get();
- char *secctx = NULL;
- u32 secctx_sz = 0;
- struct list_head sgc_head;
- struct list_head pf_head;
- const void __user *user_buffer = (const void __user *)
- (uintptr_t)tr->data.ptr.buffer;
- INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sgc_head);
- INIT_LIST_HEAD(&pf_head);
- e = binder_transaction_log_add(&binder_transaction_log);
- e->debug_id = t_debug_id;
- e->call_type = reply ? 2 : !!(tr->flags & TF_ONE_WAY);
- e->from_proc = proc->pid;
- e->from_thread = thread->pid;
- e->target_handle = tr->target.handle;
- e->data_size = tr->data_size;
- e->offsets_size = tr->offsets_size;
- strscpy(e->context_name, proc->context->name, BINDERFS_MAX_NAME);
- binder_inner_proc_lock(proc);
- binder_set_extended_error(&thread->ee, t_debug_id, BR_OK, 0);
- binder_inner_proc_unlock(proc);
- if (reply) {// 找到要回复的进程
- ......
- } else {// 1. 找到要发送的目的进程
- if (tr->target.handle) { // 目的进程非service_manager进程
- .....
- } else { //目的进程是service_manager进程
- // 找到service_manager的binder_node节点
- .....
- }
- ......
- }
- if (target_thread)
- e->to_thread = target_thread->pid;
- e->to_proc = target_proc->pid;
- /* TODO: reuse incoming transaction for reply */
- // 为binder_transcation分配内存
- t = kzalloc(sizeof(*t), GFP_KERNEL);
-
- .....
- if (!reply && !(tr->flags & TF_ONE_WAY))
- t->from = thread;
- else
- t->from = NULL;
- // 存储发送双方的基本信息
- t->from_pid = proc->pid;
- t->from_tid = thread->pid;
- t->sender_euid = task_euid(proc->tsk);
- t->to_proc = target_proc;
- t->to_thread = target_thread;
- t->code = tr->code;
- t->flags = tr->flags;
- t->priority = task_nice(current);
- ......
- t->buffer = binder_alloc_new_buf(&target_proc->alloc, tr->data_size,
- tr->offsets_size, extra_buffers_size,
- !reply && (t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY));
- ......
-
- t->buffer->debug_id = t->debug_id;
- t->buffer->transaction = t;
- t->buffer->target_node = target_node;
- t->buffer->clear_on_free = !!(t->flags & TF_CLEAR_BUF);
- trace_binder_transaction_alloc_buf(t->buffer);
-
- // 把客户端的数据拷贝到目的进程service_manager mmap的内存空间,即t->buffer指向的内存空间
- if (binder_alloc_copy_user_to_buffer(
- &target_proc->alloc,
- t->buffer,
- ALIGN(tr->data_size, sizeof(void *)),
- (const void __user *)
- (uintptr_t)tr->data.ptr.offsets,
- tr->offsets_size)) {
- binder_user_error("%d:%d got transaction with invalid offsets ptr\n",
- proc->pid, thread->pid);
- return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
- return_error_param = -EFAULT;
- return_error_line = __LINE__;
- goto err_copy_data_failed;
- }
-
- ......
- /* Done processing objects, copy the rest of the buffer */
- if (binder_alloc_copy_user_to_buffer(
- &target_proc->alloc,
- t->buffer, user_offset,
- user_buffer + user_offset,
- tr->data_size - user_offset)) {
- binder_user_error("%d:%d got transaction with invalid data ptr\n",
- proc->pid, thread->pid);
- return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
- return_error_param = -EFAULT;
- return_error_line = __LINE__;
- goto err_copy_data_failed;
- }
-
- ......
- }
复制代码 4.4 把待处理的数据放到目的进程service_manager的binder_proc或binder_thread的todo链表
- static void binder_transaction(struct binder_proc *proc,
- struct binder_thread *thread,
- struct binder_transaction_data *tr, int reply,
- binder_size_t extra_buffers_size)
- {
- int ret;
- struct binder_transaction *t;
- struct binder_work *w;
- struct binder_work *tcomplete;
- binder_size_t buffer_offset = 0;
- binder_size_t off_start_offset, off_end_offset;
- binder_size_t off_min;
- binder_size_t sg_buf_offset, sg_buf_end_offset;
- binder_size_t user_offset = 0;
- struct binder_proc *target_proc = NULL;
- struct binder_thread *target_thread = NULL;
- struct binder_node *target_node = NULL;
- struct binder_transaction *in_reply_to = NULL;
- struct binder_transaction_log_entry *e;
- uint32_t return_error = 0;
- uint32_t return_error_param = 0;
- uint32_t return_error_line = 0;
- binder_size_t last_fixup_obj_off = 0;
- binder_size_t last_fixup_min_off = 0;
- struct binder_context *context = proc->context;
- int t_debug_id = atomic_inc_return(&binder_last_id);
- ktime_t t_start_time = ktime_get();
- char *secctx = NULL;
- u32 secctx_sz = 0;
- struct list_head sgc_head;
- struct list_head pf_head;
- const void __user *user_buffer = (const void __user *)
- (uintptr_t)tr->data.ptr.buffer;
- INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sgc_head);
- INIT_LIST_HEAD(&pf_head);
- e = binder_transaction_log_add(&binder_transaction_log);
- e->debug_id = t_debug_id;
- e->call_type = reply ? 2 : !!(tr->flags & TF_ONE_WAY);
- e->from_proc = proc->pid;
- e->from_thread = thread->pid;
- e->target_handle = tr->target.handle;
- e->data_size = tr->data_size;
- e->offsets_size = tr->offsets_size;
- strscpy(e->context_name, proc->context->name, BINDERFS_MAX_NAME);
- binder_inner_proc_lock(proc);
- binder_set_extended_error(&thread->ee, t_debug_id, BR_OK, 0);
- binder_inner_proc_unlock(proc);
- if (reply) {// 找到要回复的进程
- ......
- } else {// 1. 找到要发送的目的进程
- if (tr->target.handle) { // 目的进程非service_manager进程
- .....
- } else { //目的进程是service_manager进程
- // 找到service_manager的binder_node节点
- .....
- }
- ......
- }
- if (target_thread)
- e->to_thread = target_thread->pid;
- e->to_proc = target_proc->pid;
- /* TODO: reuse incoming transaction for reply */
- // 为binder_transcation分配内存
- t = kzalloc(sizeof(*t), GFP_KERNEL);
-
- .....
- if (!reply && !(tr->flags & TF_ONE_WAY))
- t->from = thread;
- else
- t->from = NULL;
- // 存储发送双方的基本信息
- t->from_pid = proc->pid;
- t->from_tid = thread->pid;
- t->sender_euid = task_euid(proc->tsk);
- t->to_proc = target_proc;
- t->to_thread = target_thread;
- t->code = tr->code;
- t->flags = tr->flags;
- t->priority = task_nice(current);
- ......
- t->buffer = binder_alloc_new_buf(&target_proc->alloc, tr->data_size,
- tr->offsets_size, extra_buffers_size,
- !reply && (t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY));
- ......
-
- t->buffer->debug_id = t->debug_id;
- t->buffer->transaction = t;
- t->buffer->target_node = target_node;
- t->buffer->clear_on_free = !!(t->flags & TF_CLEAR_BUF);
- trace_binder_transaction_alloc_buf(t->buffer);
-
- // 把客户端的数据拷贝到目的进程service_manager mmap的内存空间,即t->buffer指向的内存空间
- if (binder_alloc_copy_user_to_buffer(
- &target_proc->alloc,
- t->buffer,
- ALIGN(tr->data_size, sizeof(void *)),
- (const void __user *)
- (uintptr_t)tr->data.ptr.offsets,
- tr->offsets_size)) {
- binder_user_error("%d:%d got transaction with invalid offsets ptr\n",
- proc->pid, thread->pid);
- return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
- return_error_param = -EFAULT;
- return_error_line = __LINE__;
- goto err_copy_data_failed;
- }
-
- ......
- /* Done processing objects, copy the rest of the buffer */
- if (binder_alloc_copy_user_to_buffer(
- &target_proc->alloc,
- t->buffer, user_offset,
- user_buffer + user_offset,
- tr->data_size - user_offset)) {
- binder_user_error("%d:%d got transaction with invalid data ptr\n",
- proc->pid, thread->pid);
- return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
- return_error_param = -EFAULT;
- return_error_line = __LINE__;
- goto err_copy_data_failed;
- }
-
- ......
-
- t->work.type = BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION;
- if (reply) {
- ......
- } else if (!(t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY)) {
- BUG_ON(t->buffer->async_transaction != 0);
- binder_inner_proc_lock(proc);
- /*
- * Defer the TRANSACTION_COMPLETE, so we don't return to
- * userspace immediately; this allows the target process to
- * immediately start processing this transaction, reducing
- * latency. We will then return the TRANSACTION_COMPLETE when
- * the target replies (or there is an error).
- */
- binder_enqueue_deferred_thread_work_ilocked(thread, tcomplete);
- t->need_reply = 1;
- t->from_parent = thread->transaction_stack;
- //入栈
- thread->transaction_stack = t;
- binder_inner_proc_unlock(proc);
- //将数据放入目的进程的binder_proc或binder_thread的todo链表
- return_error = binder_proc_transaction(t,
- target_proc, target_thread);
- if (return_error) {
- binder_inner_proc_lock(proc);
- binder_pop_transaction_ilocked(thread, t);
- binder_inner_proc_unlock(proc);
- goto err_dead_proc_or_thread;
- }
- } else {
- ......
- }
- }
复制代码 4.5 binder_proc_transaction将待处理的数据放到service_manager的todo链表,并叫醒service_manager
- static int binder_proc_transaction(struct binder_transaction *t,
- struct binder_proc *proc,
- struct binder_thread *thread)
- {
- struct binder_node *node = t->buffer->target_node;
- bool oneway = !!(t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY);
- bool pending_async = false;
- struct binder_transaction *t_outdated = NULL;
- bool frozen = false;
- BUG_ON(!node);
- binder_node_lock(node);
- if (oneway) {
- BUG_ON(thread);
- if (node->has_async_transaction)
- pending_async = true;
- else
- node->has_async_transaction = true;
- }
- binder_inner_proc_lock(proc);
- if (proc->is_frozen) {
- frozen = true;
- proc->sync_recv |= !oneway;
- proc->async_recv |= oneway;
- }
- if ((frozen && !oneway) || proc->is_dead ||
- (thread && thread->is_dead)) {
- binder_inner_proc_unlock(proc);
- binder_node_unlock(node);
- return frozen ? BR_FROZEN_REPLY : BR_DEAD_REPLY;
- }
- if (!thread && !pending_async)
- thread = binder_select_thread_ilocked(proc);
- if (thread) {
- binder_enqueue_thread_work_ilocked(thread, &t->work);//将数据放入目的进程的binder_thread
- } else if (!pending_async) {
- binder_enqueue_work_ilocked(&t->work, &proc->todo);//将数据放入目的进程的binder_proc
- } else {
- if ((t->flags & TF_UPDATE_TXN) && frozen) {
- t_outdated = binder_find_outdated_transaction_ilocked(t,
- &node->async_todo);
- if (t_outdated) {
- binder_debug(BINDER_DEBUG_TRANSACTION,
- "txn %d supersedes %d\n",
- t->debug_id, t_outdated->debug_id);
- list_del_init(&t_outdated->work.entry);
- proc->outstanding_txns--;
- }
- }
- binder_enqueue_work_ilocked(&t->work, &node->async_todo);
- }
- if (!pending_async)
- binder_wakeup_thread_ilocked(proc, thread, !oneway /* sync */);
- proc->outstanding_txns++;
- binder_inner_proc_unlock(proc);
- binder_node_unlock(node);
- /*
- * To reduce potential contention, free the outdated transaction and
- * buffer after releasing the locks.
- */
- if (t_outdated) {
- struct binder_buffer *buffer = t_outdated->buffer;
- t_outdated->buffer = NULL;
- buffer->transaction = NULL;
- trace_binder_transaction_update_buffer_release(buffer);
- binder_release_entire_buffer(proc, NULL, buffer, false);
- binder_alloc_free_buf(&proc->alloc, buffer);
- kfree(t_outdated);
- binder_stats_deleted(BINDER_STAT_TRANSACTION);
- }
- if (oneway && frozen)
- return BR_TRANSACTION_PENDING_FROZEN;
- return 0;
- }
- static void
- binder_enqueue_thread_work_ilocked(struct binder_thread *thread,
- struct binder_work *work)
- {
- WARN_ON(!list_empty(&thread->waiting_thread_node));
- binder_enqueue_work_ilocked(work, &thread->todo); // 将待处理的数据放到thread的todo链表
- /* (e)poll-based threads require an explicit wakeup signal when
- * queuing their own work; they rely on these events to consume
- * messages without I/O block. Without it, threads risk waiting
- * indefinitely without handling the work.
- */
- if (thread->looper & BINDER_LOOPER_STATE_POLL &&
- thread->pid == current->pid && !thread->process_todo)
- // 唤醒service_manager
- wake_up_interruptible_sync(&thread->wait);
- thread->process_todo = true;
- }
- static void
- binder_enqueue_work_ilocked(struct binder_work *work,
- struct list_head *target_list)
- {
- BUG_ON(target_list == NULL);
- BUG_ON(work->entry.next && !list_empty(&work->entry));
- list_add_tail(&work->entry, target_list);
- }
复制代码 2.2. service_manager被叫醒
1. service_manager发送ioctl读取内核中的数据
- int main(int argc, char **argv)
- {
- struct binder_state *bs;
- bs = binder_open(128*1024);
- if (!bs) {
- ALOGE("failed to open binder driver\n");
- return -1;
- }
- if (binder_become_context_manager(bs)) {
- ALOGE("cannot become context manager (%s)\n", strerror(errno));
- return -1;
- }
- svcmgr_handle = BINDER_SERVICE_MANAGER;
- binder_loop(bs, svcmgr_handler);
- return 0;
- }
- void binder_loop(struct binder_state *bs, binder_handler func)
- {
- int res;
- struct binder_write_read bwr;
- uint32_t readbuf[32];
- bwr.write_size = 0;
- bwr.write_consumed = 0;
- bwr.write_buffer = 0;
- readbuf[0] = BC_ENTER_LOOPER;
- binder_write(bs, readbuf, sizeof(uint32_t));
- for (;;) {
- bwr.read_size = sizeof(readbuf);
- bwr.read_consumed = 0;
- bwr.read_buffer = (uintptr_t) readbuf;
-
- // 发起读操作
- res = ioctl(bs->fd, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr);
- if (res < 0) {
- ALOGE("binder_loop: ioctl failed (%s)\n", strerror(errno));
- break;
- }
- res = binder_parse(bs, 0, (uintptr_t) readbuf, bwr.read_consumed, func);
- if (res == 0) {
- ALOGE("binder_loop: unexpected reply?!\n");
- break;
- }
- if (res < 0) {
- ALOGE("binder_loop: io error %d %s\n", res, strerror(errno));
- break;
- }
- }
- }
复制代码 2. binder_ioctl
- // res = ioctl(bs->fd, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr);进入binder驱动程序
- static long binder_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
- {
- int ret;
- struct binder_proc *proc = filp->private_data;
- struct binder_thread *thread;
- void __user *ubuf = (void __user *)arg;
- /*pr_info("binder_ioctl: %d:%d %x %lx\n",
- proc->pid, current->pid, cmd, arg);*/
- binder_selftest_alloc(&proc->alloc);
- trace_binder_ioctl(cmd, arg);
- ret = wait_event_interruptible(binder_user_error_wait, binder_stop_on_user_error < 2);
- if (ret)
- goto err_unlocked;
- //为进程proc创建binder_thread
- thread = binder_get_thread(proc);
- if (thread == NULL) {
- ret = -ENOMEM;
- goto err;
- }
- switch (cmd) {
- case BINDER_WRITE_READ:
- ret = binder_ioctl_write_read(filp, arg, thread);
- if (ret)
- goto err;
- break;
- ......
- }
- ......
- }
复制代码 3. binder_ioctl_write_read
- static int binder_ioctl_write_read(struct file *filp, unsigned long arg,
- struct binder_thread *thread)
- {
- int ret = 0;
- struct binder_proc *proc = filp->private_data;
- void __user *ubuf = (void __user *)arg;
- struct binder_write_read bwr;
- //从用户空间拷贝数据到内核空间(这部分内核空间被mmap映射到了目标进程)
- if (copy_from_user(&bwr, ubuf, sizeof(bwr))) {
- ret = -EFAULT;
- goto out;
- }
- binder_debug(BINDER_DEBUG_READ_WRITE,
- "%d:%d write %lld at %016llx, read %lld at %016llx\n",
- proc->pid, thread->pid,
- (u64)bwr.write_size, (u64)bwr.write_buffer,
- (u64)bwr.read_size, (u64)bwr.read_buffer);
- if (bwr.write_size > 0) {
- ......
- }
- if (bwr.read_size > 0) {
- ret = binder_thread_read(proc, thread, bwr.read_buffer,
- bwr.read_size,
- &bwr.read_consumed,
- filp->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK);
- trace_binder_read_done(ret);
- binder_inner_proc_lock(proc);
- if (!binder_worklist_empty_ilocked(&proc->todo))
- binder_wakeup_proc_ilocked(proc);
- binder_inner_proc_unlock(proc);
- if (ret < 0) {
- if (copy_to_user(ubuf, &bwr, sizeof(bwr)))
- ret = -EFAULT;
- goto out;
- }
- }
- binder_debug(BINDER_DEBUG_READ_WRITE,
- "%d:%d wrote %lld of %lld, read return %lld of %lld\n",
- proc->pid, thread->pid,
- (u64)bwr.write_consumed, (u64)bwr.write_size,
- (u64)bwr.read_consumed, (u64)bwr.read_size);
- if (copy_to_user(ubuf, &bwr, sizeof(bwr))) {
- ret = -EFAULT;
- goto out;
- }
- out:
- return ret;
- }
复制代码 4. binder_thread_read
读取service_manager内核空间的数据,写入service_manager用户空间
- static int binder_thread_read(struct binder_proc *proc,
- struct binder_thread *thread,
- binder_uintptr_t binder_buffer, size_t size,
- binder_size_t *consumed, int non_block)
- {
- void __user *buffer = (void __user *)(uintptr_t)binder_buffer;
- void __user *ptr = buffer + *consumed;
- void __user *end = buffer + size;
- int ret = 0;
- int wait_for_proc_work;
- if (*consumed == 0) {
- if (put_user(BR_NOOP, (uint32_t __user *)ptr))//对于所有的读操作,数据头部都是BR_NOOP
- return -EFAULT;
- ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
- }
- retry:
- binder_inner_proc_lock(proc);
- wait_for_proc_work = binder_available_for_proc_work_ilocked(thread);
- binder_inner_proc_unlock(proc);
- thread->looper |= BINDER_LOOPER_STATE_WAITING;
- trace_binder_wait_for_work(wait_for_proc_work,
- !!thread->transaction_stack,
- !binder_worklist_empty(proc, &thread->todo));
- if (wait_for_proc_work) {
- if (!(thread->looper & (BINDER_LOOPER_STATE_REGISTERED |
- BINDER_LOOPER_STATE_ENTERED))) {
- binder_user_error("%d:%d ERROR: Thread waiting for process work before calling BC_REGISTER_LOOPER or BC_ENTER_LOOPER (state %x)\n",
- proc->pid, thread->pid, thread->looper);
- wait_event_interruptible(binder_user_error_wait,
- binder_stop_on_user_error < 2);
- }
- binder_set_nice(proc->default_priority);
- }
- //没有数据就休眠
- if (non_block) {
- if (!binder_has_work(thread, wait_for_proc_work))
- ret = -EAGAIN;
- } else {
- ret = binder_wait_for_work(thread, wait_for_proc_work);
- }
- thread->looper &= ~BINDER_LOOPER_STATE_WAITING;
-
- if (ret)
- return ret;
- while (1) {
- uint32_t cmd;
- struct binder_transaction_data_secctx tr;
- struct binder_transaction_data *trd = &tr.transaction_data;
- struct binder_work *w = NULL;
- struct list_head *list = NULL;
- struct binder_transaction *t = NULL;
- struct binder_thread *t_from;
- size_t trsize = sizeof(*trd);
- binder_inner_proc_lock(proc);
- //如果proc的thread->todo链表有数据,拿到链表数据
- if (!binder_worklist_empty_ilocked(&thread->todo))
- list = &thread->todo;
- //如果proc->todo链表有数据,拿到链表数据
- else if (!binder_worklist_empty_ilocked(&proc->todo) &&
- wait_for_proc_work)
- list = &proc->todo;
- else {
- binder_inner_proc_unlock(proc);
- /* no data added */
- if (ptr - buffer == 4 && !thread->looper_need_return)
- goto retry;
- break;
- }
- if (end - ptr < sizeof(tr) + 4) {
- binder_inner_proc_unlock(proc);
- break;
- }
- w = binder_dequeue_work_head_ilocked(list);
- if (binder_worklist_empty_ilocked(&thread->todo))
- thread->process_todo = false;
- //逐个处理相关类型的数据,server唤醒service_manager,将数据添加到链表时,binder_work.type是BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION
- switch (w->type) {
- case BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION: {
- binder_inner_proc_unlock(proc);
- t= container_of(w, struct binder_transaction, work);//构造出发送方发来的binder_transaction
- } break;
-
- ......
-
- }
- if (!t)
- continue;
- BUG_ON(t->buffer == NULL);
- if (t->buffer->target_node) {
- struct binder_node *target_node = t->buffer->target_node;
- trd->target.ptr = target_node->ptr;
- trd->cookie = target_node->cookie;
- t->saved_priority = task_nice(current);
- if (t->priority < target_node->min_priority &&
- !(t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY))
- binder_set_nice(t->priority);
- else if (!(t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY) ||
- t->saved_priority > target_node->min_priority)
- binder_set_nice(target_node->min_priority);
- //从server发送数据给service_manager,cmd是BC_TRANSACTION
- //从service_manager返回数据给server,将cmd设为BR_TRANSACTION,
- cmd = BR_TRANSACTION;
- } else {
- trd->target.ptr = 0;
- trd->cookie = 0;
- cmd = BR_REPLY;
- }
- trd->code = t->code;
- trd->flags = t->flags;
- trd->sender_euid = from_kuid(current_user_ns(), t->sender_euid);
- ......
-
- trd->data_size = t->buffer->data_size;
- trd->offsets_size = t->buffer->offsets_size;
- trd->data.ptr.buffer = t->buffer->user_data;
- trd->data.ptr.offsets = trd->data.ptr.buffer +
- ALIGN(t->buffer->data_size,
- sizeof(void *));
- tr.secctx = t->security_ctx;
- if (t->security_ctx) {
- cmd = BR_TRANSACTION_SEC_CTX;
- trsize = sizeof(tr);
- }
- // 把cmd写入service_manager的用户空间
- if (put_user(cmd, (uint32_t __user *)ptr)) {
- if (t_from)
- binder_thread_dec_tmpref(t_from);
- binder_cleanup_transaction(t, "put_user failed",
- BR_FAILED_REPLY);
- return -EFAULT;
- }
- ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
- // 把tr写入service_manager的用户空间,tr.transaction_data中包括了客户端发送来的数据
- if (copy_to_user(ptr, &tr, trsize)) {
- if (t_from)
- binder_thread_dec_tmpref(t_from);
- binder_cleanup_transaction(t, "copy_to_user failed",
- BR_FAILED_REPLY);
- return -EFAULT;
- }
- ptr += trsize;
- ......
- done:
- ......
-
- return 0;
- }
复制代码 5. 从service_manager内核空间读取到的数据构造形式
6. binder_parse剖析客户端发送给service_manager的数据
此时cmd是BR_TRANSACTION
- void binder_loop(struct binder_state *bs, binder_handler func)
- {
- int res;
- struct binder_write_read bwr;
- uint32_t readbuf[32];
- bwr.write_size = 0;
- bwr.write_consumed = 0;
- bwr.write_buffer = 0;
- readbuf[0] = BC_ENTER_LOOPER;
- binder_write(bs, readbuf, sizeof(uint32_t));
- for (;;) {
- bwr.read_size = sizeof(readbuf);
- bwr.read_consumed = 0;
- bwr.read_buffer = (uintptr_t) readbuf;
- res = ioctl(bs->fd, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr);//读到数据
- if (res < 0) {
- ALOGE("binder_loop: ioctl failed (%s)\n", strerror(errno));
- break;
- }
-
- //解析读到的数据
- res = binder_parse(bs, 0, (uintptr_t) readbuf, bwr.read_consumed, func);
- if (res == 0) {
- ALOGE("binder_loop: unexpected reply?!\n");
- break;
- }
- if (res < 0) {
- ALOGE("binder_loop: io error %d %s\n", res, strerror(errno));
- break;
- }
- }
- }
- int binder_parse(struct binder_state *bs, struct binder_io *bio,
- uintptr_t ptr, size_t size, binder_handler func)
- {
- int r = 1;
- uintptr_t end = ptr + (uintptr_t) size;
- while (ptr < end) {
- uint32_t cmd = *(uint32_t *) ptr;
- ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
- #if TRACE
- fprintf(stderr,"%s:\n", cmd_name(cmd));
- #endif
- switch(cmd) {
- case BR_NOOP:
- break;
- ......
- //收到数据的处理情况,(收到的数据中有服务名称,服务的handle)
- case BR_TRANSACTION: {
- struct binder_transaction_data *txn = (struct binder_transaction_data *) ptr;
- if ((end - ptr) < sizeof(*txn)) {
- ALOGE("parse: txn too small!\n");
- return -1;
- }
- binder_dump_txn(txn);
- if (func) {
- unsigned rdata[256/4];
- struct binder_io msg;
- struct binder_io reply;
- int res;
- //构造binder_io
- bio_init(&reply, rdata, sizeof(rdata), 4);
- bio_init_from_txn(&msg, txn);
- //处理binde_io
- res = func(bs, txn, &msg, &reply); // func = svcmgr_handler,用于添加/获取服务
- //将处理完的数据,发送给server
- binder_send_reply(bs, &reply, txn->data.ptr.buffer, res);
- }
- ptr += sizeof(*txn);
- break;
- }
- ......
- default:
- ALOGE("parse: OOPS %d\n", cmd);
- return -1;
- }
- }
- return r;
- }
复制代码 7. svcmgr_handler处理客户端发送给service_manager的数据,获取客户端请求的服务handle
- int svcmgr_handler(struct binder_state *bs,
- struct binder_transaction_data *txn,
- struct binder_io *msg,
- struct binder_io *reply)
- {
- struct svcinfo *si;
- uint16_t *s;
- size_t len;
- uint32_t handle;
- uint32_t strict_policy;
- int allow_isolated;
- //ALOGI("target=%x code=%d pid=%d uid=%d\n",
- // txn->target.handle, txn->code, txn->sender_pid, txn->sender_euid);
- if (txn->target.handle != svcmgr_handle)
- return -1;
- if (txn->code == PING_TRANSACTION)
- return 0;
- // Equivalent to Parcel::enforceInterface(), reading the RPC
- // header with the strict mode policy mask and the interface name.
- // Note that we ignore the strict_policy and don't propagate it
- // further (since we do no outbound RPCs anyway).
- strict_policy = bio_get_uint32(msg);
- s = bio_get_string16(msg, &len); //传入的是android.os.IServiceManager
- if (s == NULL) {
- return -1;
- }
- if ((len != (sizeof(svcmgr_id) / 2)) ||
- memcmp(svcmgr_id, s, sizeof(svcmgr_id))) {//传入的必须是android.os.IServiceManager
- fprintf(stderr,"invalid id %s\n", str8(s, len));
- return -1;
- }
- switch(txn->code) {
- case SVC_MGR_GET_SERVICE:
- case SVC_MGR_CHECK_SERVICE:
- s = bio_get_string16(msg, &len); // 获取客户端要获取的服务的名字"hello"
- if (s == NULL) {
- return -1;
- }
- // 在service_manager的服务列表中寻找服务名为hello的服务的handle
- handle = do_find_service(bs, s, len, txn->sender_euid, txn->sender_pid);
- if (!handle)
- break;
-
- // 将服务handle写入reply
- bio_put_ref(reply, handle);
- return 0;
- ......
- bio_put_uint32(reply, 0);//处理完后,最后要构造一个reply,并放入0
- return 0;
- }
- uint32_t do_find_service(struct binder_state *bs, const uint16_t *s, size_t len, uid_t uid, pid_t spid)
- {
- struct svcinfo *si;
- if (!svc_can_find(s, len, spid)) {
- ALOGE("find_service('%s') uid=%d - PERMISSION DENIED\n",
- str8(s, len), uid);
- return 0;
- }
- si = find_svc(s, len);
- //ALOGI("check_service('%s') handle = %x\n", str8(s, len), si ? si->handle : 0);
- if (si && si->handle) {
- if (!si->allow_isolated) {
- // If this service doesn't allow access from isolated processes,
- // then check the uid to see if it is isolated.
- uid_t appid = uid % AID_USER;
- if (appid >= AID_ISOLATED_START && appid <= AID_ISOLATED_END) {
- return 0;
- }
- }
- return si->handle;
- } else {
- return 0;
- }
- }
- struct svcinfo *find_svc(const uint16_t *s16, size_t len)
- {
- struct svcinfo *si;
- for (si = svclist; si; si = si->next) {
- if ((len == si->len) &&
- !memcmp(s16, si->name, len * sizeof(uint16_t))) {
- return si;
- }
- }
- return NULL;
- }
- void bio_put_ref(struct binder_io *bio, uint32_t handle)
- {
- struct flat_binder_object *obj;
- if (handle)
- obj = bio_alloc_obj(bio);
- else
- obj = bio_alloc(bio, sizeof(*obj));
- if (!obj)
- return;
- obj->flags = 0x7f | FLAT_BINDER_FLAG_ACCEPTS_FDS;
- obj->type = BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE;
- obj->handle = handle;
- obj->cookie = 0;
- }
复制代码 8. binder_send_reply将获取到的服务handle数据复兴给驱动程序
- int binder_parse(struct binder_state *bs, struct binder_io *bio,
- uintptr_t ptr, size_t size, binder_handler func)
- {
- int r = 1;
- uintptr_t end = ptr + (uintptr_t) size;
- while (ptr < end) {
- uint32_t cmd = *(uint32_t *) ptr;
- ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
- #if TRACE
- fprintf(stderr,"%s:\n", cmd_name(cmd));
- #endif
- switch(cmd) {
- case BR_NOOP:
- break;
- ......
- //收到数据的处理情况,(收到的数据中有服务名称,服务的handle)
- case BR_TRANSACTION: {
- struct binder_transaction_data *txn = (struct binder_transaction_data *) ptr;
- if ((end - ptr) < sizeof(*txn)) {
- ALOGE("parse: txn too small!\n");
- return -1;
- }
- binder_dump_txn(txn);
- if (func) {
- unsigned rdata[256/4];
- struct binder_io msg;
- struct binder_io reply;
- int res;
- //构造binder_io
- bio_init(&reply, rdata, sizeof(rdata), 4);
- bio_init_from_txn(&msg, txn);
- //处理binde_io
- res = func(bs, txn, &msg, &reply); // func = svcmgr_handler,用于添加/获取服务
- //将处理完的数据,发送给server
- binder_send_reply(bs, &reply, txn->data.ptr.buffer, res);
- }
- ptr += sizeof(*txn);
- break;
- }
- ......
- default:
- ALOGE("parse: OOPS %d\n", cmd);
- return -1;
- }
- }
- return r;
- }
- void binder_send_reply(struct binder_state *bs,
- struct binder_io *reply,
- binder_uintptr_t buffer_to_free,
- int status)
- {
- struct {
- uint32_t cmd_free;
- binder_uintptr_t buffer;
- uint32_t cmd_reply;
- struct binder_transaction_data txn;
- } __attribute__((packed)) data;
- data.cmd_free = BC_FREE_BUFFER;//server拷贝到service_manager映射的内核态缓冲区的数据,用完后,就可以释放了
- data.buffer = buffer_to_free;
- data.cmd_reply = BC_REPLY; // service_manager处理完数据后,将结果回复回去,cmd = BC_REPLY
- data.txn.target.ptr = 0;
- data.txn.cookie = 0;
- data.txn.code = 0;
- if (status) {
- data.txn.flags = TF_STATUS_CODE;
- data.txn.data_size = sizeof(int);
- data.txn.offsets_size = 0;
- data.txn.data.ptr.buffer = (uintptr_t)&status;
- data.txn.data.ptr.offsets = 0;
- } else {
- data.txn.flags = 0;
- data.txn.data_size = reply->data - reply->data0;
- data.txn.offsets_size = ((char*) reply->offs) - ((char*) reply->offs0);
- data.txn.data.ptr.buffer = (uintptr_t)reply->data0;
- data.txn.data.ptr.offsets = (uintptr_t)reply->offs0;
- }
- binder_write(bs, &data, sizeof(data));
- }
- int binder_write(struct binder_state *bs, void *data, size_t len)
- {
- struct binder_write_read bwr;
- int res;
- bwr.write_size = len;
- bwr.write_consumed = 0;
- bwr.write_buffer = (uintptr_t) data;
- bwr.read_size = 0;
- bwr.read_consumed = 0;
- bwr.read_buffer = 0;
- res = ioctl(bs->fd, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr);
- if (res < 0) {
- fprintf(stderr,"binder_write: ioctl failed (%s)\n",
- strerror(errno));
- }
- return res;
- }
复制代码 2.3 binder驱动接收到service_manager剖析完客户端发送的数据的数据
1. binder_ioctl
- static long binder_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
- {
- int ret;
- struct binder_proc *proc = filp->private_data;
- struct binder_thread *thread;
- void __user *ubuf = (void __user *)arg;
- /*pr_info("binder_ioctl: %d:%d %x %lx\n",
- proc->pid, current->pid, cmd, arg);*/
- binder_selftest_alloc(&proc->alloc);
- trace_binder_ioctl(cmd, arg);
- ret = wait_event_interruptible(binder_user_error_wait, binder_stop_on_user_error < 2);
- if (ret)
- goto err_unlocked;
- //为进程proc创建binder_thread
- thread = binder_get_thread(proc);
- if (thread == NULL) {
- ret = -ENOMEM;
- goto err;
- }
- switch (cmd) {
- case BINDER_WRITE_READ:
- ret = binder_ioctl_write_read(filp, arg, thread);
- if (ret)
- goto err;
- break;
- ......
- }
- ......
- }
复制代码 2. binder_ioctl_write_read
- static int binder_ioctl_write_read(struct file *filp, unsigned long arg,
- struct binder_thread *thread)
- {
- int ret = 0;
- struct binder_proc *proc = filp->private_data;
- void __user *ubuf = (void __user *)arg;
- struct binder_write_read bwr;
- //从用户空间拷贝数据到内核空间(这部分内核空间被mmap映射到了目标进程)
- if (copy_from_user(&bwr, ubuf, sizeof(bwr))) {
- ret = -EFAULT;
- goto out;
- }
- binder_debug(BINDER_DEBUG_READ_WRITE,
- "%d:%d write %lld at %016llx, read %lld at %016llx\n",
- proc->pid, thread->pid,
- (u64)bwr.write_size, (u64)bwr.write_buffer,
- (u64)bwr.read_size, (u64)bwr.read_buffer);
- if (bwr.write_size > 0) {
- ret = binder_thread_write(proc, thread,
- bwr.write_buffer,
- bwr.write_size,
- &bwr.write_consumed);
- trace_binder_write_done(ret);
- if (ret < 0) {
- bwr.read_consumed = 0;
- if (copy_to_user(ubuf, &bwr, sizeof(bwr)))
- ret = -EFAULT;
- goto out;
- }
- }
- if (bwr.read_size > 0) {
- ......
- }
- ......
- out:
- return ret;
- }
复制代码 3. binder_thread_write
此时cmd是BC_REPLY
- static int binder_thread_write(struct binder_proc *proc,
- struct binder_thread *thread,
- binder_uintptr_t binder_buffer, size_t size,
- binder_size_t *consumed)
- {
- uint32_t cmd;
- struct binder_context *context = proc->context;
- // 获取数据buffer,根据上面总结的发送数据可知,这个buffer由cmd和binder_transcation_data两部分数据组成
- void __user *buffer = (void __user *)(uintptr_t)binder_buffer;
- // 发送来的数据consumed=0,因此ptr指向用户空间数据buffer的起点
- void __user *ptr = buffer + *consumed;
- // 指向数据buffer的末尾
- void __user *end = buffer + size;
- // 逐个读取客户端发送来的数据(cmd+binder_transcation_data)
- while (ptr < end && thread->return_error.cmd == BR_OK) {
- int ret;
-
- // 获取用户空间中buffer的cmd值
- if (get_user(cmd, (uint32_t __user *)ptr))
- return -EFAULT;
- // 移动指针到cmd的位置之后,指向binder_transcation_data数据的内存起点
- ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
- trace_binder_command(cmd);
- if (_IOC_NR(cmd) < ARRAY_SIZE(binder_stats.bc)) {
- atomic_inc(&binder_stats.bc[_IOC_NR(cmd)]);
- atomic_inc(&proc->stats.bc[_IOC_NR(cmd)]);
- atomic_inc(&thread->stats.bc[_IOC_NR(cmd)]);
- }
- // 根据上面总结的发送数据可知,cmd是BC_TRANSACTION
- switch (cmd) {
- ......
- /*
- BC_TRANSACTION:进程发送信息的cmd
- BR_TRANSACTION:进程接收BC_TRANSACTION发送信息的cmd
-
- BC_REPLY:进程回复信息的cmd
- BR_REPLY:进程接收BC_REPLY回复信息的cmd
- */
- case BC_TRANSACTION:
- case BC_REPLY: {
- struct binder_transaction_data tr;
-
- // 从用户空间拷贝binder_transaction_data到内核空间
- if (copy_from_user(&tr, ptr, sizeof(tr)))
- return -EFAULT;
- // 移动指针到binder_transaction_data的位置之后,指向下一个cmd数据的内存起点
- ptr += sizeof(tr);
- // 处理binder_transaction_data数据
- binder_transaction(proc, thread, &tr,
- cmd == BC_REPLY, 0);
- break;
- }
- }
- }
- ......
- }
- int get_user(int *val, const int __user *ptr) {
- if (copy_from_user(val, ptr, sizeof(int))) {
- return -EFAULT; // 返回错误码
- }
- return 0; // 成功
- }
复制代码 4. binder_transaction
4.1. 找到要复兴的进程
- static void binder_transaction(struct binder_proc *proc,
- struct binder_thread *thread,
- struct binder_transaction_data *tr, int reply,
- binder_size_t extra_buffers_size)
- {
- ......
- if (reply) {// 找到要回复的进程
- binder_inner_proc_lock(proc);
- in_reply_to = thread->transaction_stack;//从栈中取出binder_transaction,获得要回复给谁
- if (in_reply_to == NULL) {
- binder_inner_proc_unlock(proc);
- binder_user_error("%d:%d got reply transaction with no transaction stack\n",
- proc->pid, thread->pid);
- return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
- return_error_param = -EPROTO;
- return_error_line = __LINE__;
- goto err_empty_call_stack;
- }
- if (in_reply_to->to_thread != thread) {
- spin_lock(&in_reply_to->lock);
- binder_user_error("%d:%d got reply transaction with bad transaction stack, transaction %d has target %d:%d\n",
- proc->pid, thread->pid, in_reply_to->debug_id,
- in_reply_to->to_proc ?
- in_reply_to->to_proc->pid : 0,
- in_reply_to->to_thread ?
- in_reply_to->to_thread->pid : 0);
- spin_unlock(&in_reply_to->lock);
- binder_inner_proc_unlock(proc);
- return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
- return_error_param = -EPROTO;
- return_error_line = __LINE__;
- in_reply_to = NULL;
- goto err_bad_call_stack;
- }
- thread->transaction_stack = in_reply_to->to_parent;//出栈
- binder_inner_proc_unlock(proc);
- binder_set_nice(in_reply_to->saved_priority);
- target_thread = binder_get_txn_from_and_acq_inner(in_reply_to);
- if (target_thread == NULL) {
- /* annotation for sparse */
- __release(&target_thread->proc->inner_lock);
- binder_txn_error("%d:%d reply target not found\n",
- thread->pid, proc->pid);
- return_error = BR_DEAD_REPLY;
- return_error_line = __LINE__;
- goto err_dead_binder;
- }
- if (target_thread->transaction_stack != in_reply_to) {
- binder_user_error("%d:%d got reply transaction with bad target transaction stack %d, expected %d\n",
- proc->pid, thread->pid,
- target_thread->transaction_stack ?
- target_thread->transaction_stack->debug_id : 0,
- in_reply_to->debug_id);
- binder_inner_proc_unlock(target_thread->proc);
- return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
- return_error_param = -EPROTO;
- return_error_line = __LINE__;
- in_reply_to = NULL;
- target_thread = NULL;
- goto err_dead_binder;
- }
- // 找到要回复的进程
- target_proc = target_thread->proc;
- target_proc->tmp_ref++;
- binder_inner_proc_unlock(target_thread->proc);
- } else {// 1. 找到要发送的目的进程
- ......
- }
- ......
- }
复制代码 4.2 处理flat_binder_object
- static void binder_transaction(struct binder_proc *proc,
- struct binder_thread *thread,
- struct binder_transaction_data *tr, int reply,
- binder_size_t extra_buffers_size)
- {
- ......
- if (reply) {// 找到要回复的进程
- binder_inner_proc_lock(proc);
- in_reply_to = thread->transaction_stack;//从栈中取出binder_transaction,获得要回复给谁
- if (in_reply_to == NULL) {
- binder_inner_proc_unlock(proc);
- binder_user_error("%d:%d got reply transaction with no transaction stack\n",
- proc->pid, thread->pid);
- return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
- return_error_param = -EPROTO;
- return_error_line = __LINE__;
- goto err_empty_call_stack;
- }
- if (in_reply_to->to_thread != thread) {
- spin_lock(&in_reply_to->lock);
- binder_user_error("%d:%d got reply transaction with bad transaction stack, transaction %d has target %d:%d\n",
- proc->pid, thread->pid, in_reply_to->debug_id,
- in_reply_to->to_proc ?
- in_reply_to->to_proc->pid : 0,
- in_reply_to->to_thread ?
- in_reply_to->to_thread->pid : 0);
- spin_unlock(&in_reply_to->lock);
- binder_inner_proc_unlock(proc);
- return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
- return_error_param = -EPROTO;
- return_error_line = __LINE__;
- in_reply_to = NULL;
- goto err_bad_call_stack;
- }
- thread->transaction_stack = in_reply_to->to_parent;//出栈
- binder_inner_proc_unlock(proc);
- binder_set_nice(in_reply_to->saved_priority);
- target_thread = binder_get_txn_from_and_acq_inner(in_reply_to);
- if (target_thread == NULL) {
- /* annotation for sparse */
- __release(&target_thread->proc->inner_lock);
- binder_txn_error("%d:%d reply target not found\n",
- thread->pid, proc->pid);
- return_error = BR_DEAD_REPLY;
- return_error_line = __LINE__;
- goto err_dead_binder;
- }
- if (target_thread->transaction_stack != in_reply_to) {
- binder_user_error("%d:%d got reply transaction with bad target transaction stack %d, expected %d\n",
- proc->pid, thread->pid,
- target_thread->transaction_stack ?
- target_thread->transaction_stack->debug_id : 0,
- in_reply_to->debug_id);
- binder_inner_proc_unlock(target_thread->proc);
- return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
- return_error_param = -EPROTO;
- return_error_line = __LINE__;
- in_reply_to = NULL;
- target_thread = NULL;
- goto err_dead_binder;
- }
- // 找到要回复的进程
- target_proc = target_thread->proc;
- target_proc->tmp_ref++;
- binder_inner_proc_unlock(target_thread->proc);
- } else {// 1. 找到要发送的目的进程
- ......
- }
- if (target_thread)
- e->to_thread = target_thread->pid;
- e->to_proc = target_proc->pid;
- /* TODO: reuse incoming transaction for reply */
- // 为binder_transcation分配内存
- t = kzalloc(sizeof(*t), GFP_KERNEL);
-
- .....
- if (!reply && !(tr->flags & TF_ONE_WAY))
- t->from = thread;
- else
- t->from = NULL;
- // 存储发送双方的基本信息
- t->from_pid = proc->pid;
- t->from_tid = thread->pid;
- t->sender_euid = task_euid(proc->tsk);
- t->to_proc = target_proc;
- t->to_thread = target_thread;
- t->code = tr->code;
- t->flags = tr->flags;
- t->priority = task_nice(current);
- ......
- t->buffer = binder_alloc_new_buf(&target_proc->alloc, tr->data_size,
- tr->offsets_size, extra_buffers_size,
- !reply && (t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY));
- ......
-
- t->buffer->debug_id = t->debug_id;
- t->buffer->transaction = t;
- t->buffer->target_node = target_node;
- t->buffer->clear_on_free = !!(t->flags & TF_CLEAR_BUF);
- trace_binder_transaction_alloc_buf(t->buffer);
-
- // 把客户端的数据拷贝到目的进程test_client mmap的内存空间
- if (binder_alloc_copy_user_to_buffer(
- &target_proc->alloc,
- t->buffer,
- ALIGN(tr->data_size, sizeof(void *)),
- (const void __user *)
- (uintptr_t)tr->data.ptr.offsets,
- tr->offsets_size)) {
- binder_user_error("%d:%d got transaction with invalid offsets ptr\n",
- proc->pid, thread->pid);
- return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
- return_error_param = -EFAULT;
- return_error_line = __LINE__;
- goto err_copy_data_failed;
- }
- ......
-
- //处理server传入的binder_io.offs数据,这个数据指向用于构建binder_node实体的 flat_binder_object
- for (buffer_offset = off_start_offset; buffer_offset < off_end_offset;
- buffer_offset += sizeof(binder_size_t)) {
- struct binder_object_header *hdr;
- size_t object_size;
- struct binder_object object;
- binder_size_t object_offset;
- binder_size_t copy_size;
-
- if (binder_alloc_copy_from_buffer(&target_proc->alloc,
- &object_offset,
- t->buffer,
- buffer_offset,
- sizeof(object_offset))) {
- binder_txn_error("%d:%d copy offset from buffer failed\n",
- thread->pid, proc->pid);
- return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
- return_error_param = -EINVAL;
- return_error_line = __LINE__;
- goto err_bad_offset;
- }
-
- /*
- * Copy the source user buffer up to the next object
- * that will be processed.
- */
- copy_size = object_offset - user_offset;
- if (copy_size && (user_offset > object_offset ||
- binder_alloc_copy_user_to_buffer(
- &target_proc->alloc,
- t->buffer, user_offset,
- user_buffer + user_offset,
- copy_size))) {
- binder_user_error("%d:%d got transaction with invalid data ptr\n",
- proc->pid, thread->pid);
- return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
- return_error_param = -EFAULT;
- return_error_line = __LINE__;
- goto err_copy_data_failed;
- }
- // 将指向flat_binder_object的指针拷贝给object
- object_size = binder_get_object(target_proc, user_buffer,
- t->buffer, object_offset, &object);
- if (object_size == 0 || object_offset < off_min) {
- binder_user_error("%d:%d got transaction with invalid offset (%lld, min %lld max %lld) or object.\n",
- proc->pid, thread->pid,
- (u64)object_offset,
- (u64)off_min,
- (u64)t->buffer->data_size);
- return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
- return_error_param = -EINVAL;
- return_error_line = __LINE__;
- goto err_bad_offset;
- }
- /*
- * Set offset to the next buffer fragment to be
- * copied
- */
- user_offset = object_offset + object_size;
-
- hdr = &object.hdr;
- off_min = object_offset + object_size;
- // 此处 binder类型的是BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE,通过handle在service_manager的binder-ref中找到hello服务的binder_node
- switch (hdr->type) {
- //处理binder实体
- case BINDER_TYPE_BINDER:
- case BINDER_TYPE_WEAK_BINDER: {
- ......
-
- } break;
- //处理binder引用
- case BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE:
- case BINDER_TYPE_WEAK_HANDLE: {
- struct flat_binder_object *fp;
-
- fp = to_flat_binder_object(hdr);
- ret = binder_translate_handle(fp, t, thread);
- if (ret < 0 ||
- binder_alloc_copy_to_buffer(&target_proc->alloc,
- t->buffer,
- object_offset,
- fp, sizeof(*fp))) {
- binder_txn_error("%d:%d translate handle failed\n",
- thread->pid, proc->pid);
- return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
- return_error_param = ret;
- return_error_line = __LINE__;
- goto err_translate_failed;
- }
- } break;
- ......
- }
- ......
- }
复制代码 4.3 根据handle找到服务的binder_node,
- static int binder_translate_handle(struct flat_binder_object *fp,
- struct binder_transaction *t,
- struct binder_thread *thread)
- {
- struct binder_proc *proc = thread->proc;
- struct binder_proc *target_proc = t->to_proc;
- struct binder_node *node;
- struct binder_ref_data src_rdata;
- int ret = 0;
-
- // 根据handle从service_manager中找到服务的binder_node
- node = binder_get_node_from_ref(proc, fp->handle,
- fp->hdr.type == BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE, &src_rdata);
- if (!node) {
- binder_user_error("%d:%d got transaction with invalid handle, %d\n",
- proc->pid, thread->pid, fp->handle);
- return -EINVAL;
- }
- if (security_binder_transfer_binder(proc->cred, target_proc->cred)) {
- ret = -EPERM;
- goto done;
- }
- binder_node_lock(node);
- if (node->proc == target_proc) {
- if (fp->hdr.type == BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE)
- fp->hdr.type = BINDER_TYPE_BINDER;
- else
- fp->hdr.type = BINDER_TYPE_WEAK_BINDER;
- fp->binder = node->ptr;
- fp->cookie = node->cookie;
- if (node->proc)
- binder_inner_proc_lock(node->proc);
- else
- __acquire(&node->proc->inner_lock);
- binder_inc_node_nilocked(node,
- fp->hdr.type == BINDER_TYPE_BINDER,
- 0, NULL);
- if (node->proc)
- binder_inner_proc_unlock(node->proc);
- else
- __release(&node->proc->inner_lock);
- trace_binder_transaction_ref_to_node(t, node, &src_rdata);
- binder_debug(BINDER_DEBUG_TRANSACTION,
- " ref %d desc %d -> node %d u%016llx\n",
- src_rdata.debug_id, src_rdata.desc, node->debug_id,
- (u64)node->ptr);
- binder_node_unlock(node);
- } else {
- struct binder_ref_data dest_rdata;
- binder_node_unlock(node);
- // 为客户端创建binder_ref指向服务的binder_node
- ret = binder_inc_ref_for_node(target_proc, node,
- fp->hdr.type == BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE,
- NULL, &dest_rdata);
- if (ret)
- goto done;
- fp->binder = 0;
- fp->handle = dest_rdata.desc;
- fp->cookie = 0;
- trace_binder_transaction_ref_to_ref(t, node, &src_rdata,
- &dest_rdata);
- binder_debug(BINDER_DEBUG_TRANSACTION,
- " ref %d desc %d -> ref %d desc %d (node %d)\n",
- src_rdata.debug_id, src_rdata.desc,
- dest_rdata.debug_id, dest_rdata.desc,
- node->debug_id);
- }
- done:
- binder_put_node(node);
- return ret;
- }
- static struct binder_node *binder_get_node_from_ref(
- struct binder_proc *proc,
- u32 desc, bool need_strong_ref,
- struct binder_ref_data *rdata)
- {
- struct binder_node *node;
- struct binder_ref *ref;
- binder_proc_lock(proc);
- // 根据handle找到binder_ref
- ref = binder_get_ref_olocked(proc, desc, need_strong_ref);
- if (!ref)
- goto err_no_ref;
-
- // 根据binder_ref找到binder_node
- node = ref->node;
- /*
- * Take an implicit reference on the node to ensure
- * it stays alive until the call to binder_put_node()
- */
- binder_inc_node_tmpref(node);
- if (rdata)
- *rdata = ref->data;
- binder_proc_unlock(proc);
- return node;
- err_no_ref:
- binder_proc_unlock(proc);
- return NULL;
- }
- static struct binder_ref *binder_get_ref_olocked(struct binder_proc *proc,
- u32 desc, bool need_strong_ref)
- {
- struct rb_node *n = proc->refs_by_desc.rb_node;
- struct binder_ref *ref;
- while (n) {
- ref = rb_entry(n, struct binder_ref, rb_node_desc);
- if (desc < ref->data.desc) {
- n = n->rb_left;
- } else if (desc > ref->data.desc) {
- n = n->rb_right;
- } else if (need_strong_ref && !ref->data.strong) {
- binder_user_error("tried to use weak ref as strong ref\n");
- return NULL;
- } else {
- return ref;
- }
- }
- return NULL;
- }
复制代码 4.4 为客户端创建binder_ref,指向服务的binder_node
- static int binder_inc_ref_for_node(struct binder_proc *proc,
- struct binder_node *node,
- bool strong,
- struct list_head *target_list,
- struct binder_ref_data *rdata)
- {
- struct binder_ref *ref;
- struct binder_ref *new_ref = NULL;
- int ret = 0;
- binder_proc_lock(proc);
- // 先查找客户端是否已经有对应的binder_ref,若没有则新建binder_ref
- ref = binder_get_ref_for_node_olocked(proc, node, NULL);
- if (!ref) {
- binder_proc_unlock(proc);
- new_ref = kzalloc(sizeof(*ref), GFP_KERNEL);
- if (!new_ref)
- return -ENOMEM;
- binder_proc_lock(proc);
- ref = binder_get_ref_for_node_olocked(proc, node, new_ref);
- }
- //增加引用计数
- ret = binder_inc_ref_olocked(ref, strong, target_list);
- *rdata = ref->data;
- if (ret && ref == new_ref) {
- /*
- * Cleanup the failed reference here as the target
- * could now be dead and have already released its
- * references by now. Calling on the new reference
- * with strong=0 and a tmp_refs will not decrement
- * the node. The new_ref gets kfree'd below.
- */
- binder_cleanup_ref_olocked(new_ref);
- ref = NULL;
- }
- binder_proc_unlock(proc);
- if (new_ref && ref != new_ref)
- /*
- * Another thread created the ref first so
- * free the one we allocated
- */
- kfree(new_ref);
- return ret;
- }
- static struct binder_ref *binder_get_ref_for_node_olocked(
- struct binder_proc *proc,
- struct binder_node *node,
- struct binder_ref *new_ref)
- {
- struct binder_context *context = proc->context;
- struct rb_node **p = &proc->refs_by_node.rb_node;
- struct rb_node *parent = NULL;
- struct binder_ref *ref;
- struct rb_node *n;
- while (*p) {
- parent = *p;
- ref = rb_entry(parent, struct binder_ref, rb_node_node);
- if (node < ref->node)
- p = &(*p)->rb_left;
- else if (node > ref->node)
- p = &(*p)->rb_right;
- else
- return ref;
- }
- if (!new_ref)
- return NULL;
- binder_stats_created(BINDER_STAT_REF);
- new_ref->data.debug_id = atomic_inc_return(&binder_last_id);
- new_ref->proc = proc;
- new_ref->node = node;
- rb_link_node(&new_ref->rb_node_node, parent, p);
- rb_insert_color(&new_ref->rb_node_node, &proc->refs_by_node);
-
- // 更新binder_ref的handle值,后续客户端通过handle值找到这个binder_ref,进而找到binder_node
- new_ref->data.desc = (node == context->binder_context_mgr_node) ? 0 : 1;
- for (n = rb_first(&proc->refs_by_desc); n != NULL; n = rb_next(n)) {
- ref = rb_entry(n, struct binder_ref, rb_node_desc);
- if (ref->data.desc > new_ref->data.desc)
- break;
- // 客户端引用服务的handle加1
- new_ref->data.desc = ref->data.desc + 1;
- }
- p = &proc->refs_by_desc.rb_node;
- while (*p) {
- parent = *p;
- ref = rb_entry(parent, struct binder_ref, rb_node_desc);
- if (new_ref->data.desc < ref->data.desc)
- p = &(*p)->rb_left;
- else if (new_ref->data.desc > ref->data.desc)
- p = &(*p)->rb_right;
- else
- BUG();
- }
- rb_link_node(&new_ref->rb_node_desc, parent, p);
- rb_insert_color(&new_ref->rb_node_desc, &proc->refs_by_desc);
- binder_node_lock(node);
- hlist_add_head(&new_ref->node_entry, &node->refs);
- binder_debug(BINDER_DEBUG_INTERNAL_REFS,
- "%d new ref %d desc %d for node %d\n",
- proc->pid, new_ref->data.debug_id, new_ref->data.desc,
- node->debug_id);
- binder_node_unlock(node);
- return new_ref;
- }
复制代码 4.5 把数据放到客户端的todo链表,叫醒客户端
- static void binder_transaction(struct binder_proc *proc,
- struct binder_thread *thread,
- struct binder_transaction_data *tr, int reply,
- binder_size_t extra_buffers_size)
- {
- ......
- if (reply) {// 找到要回复的进程
- binder_inner_proc_lock(proc);
- in_reply_to = thread->transaction_stack;//从栈中取出binder_transaction,获得要回复给谁
- if (in_reply_to == NULL) {
- binder_inner_proc_unlock(proc);
- binder_user_error("%d:%d got reply transaction with no transaction stack\n",
- proc->pid, thread->pid);
- return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
- return_error_param = -EPROTO;
- return_error_line = __LINE__;
- goto err_empty_call_stack;
- }
- if (in_reply_to->to_thread != thread) {
- spin_lock(&in_reply_to->lock);
- binder_user_error("%d:%d got reply transaction with bad transaction stack, transaction %d has target %d:%d\n",
- proc->pid, thread->pid, in_reply_to->debug_id,
- in_reply_to->to_proc ?
- in_reply_to->to_proc->pid : 0,
- in_reply_to->to_thread ?
- in_reply_to->to_thread->pid : 0);
- spin_unlock(&in_reply_to->lock);
- binder_inner_proc_unlock(proc);
- return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
- return_error_param = -EPROTO;
- return_error_line = __LINE__;
- in_reply_to = NULL;
- goto err_bad_call_stack;
- }
- thread->transaction_stack = in_reply_to->to_parent;//出栈
- binder_inner_proc_unlock(proc);
- binder_set_nice(in_reply_to->saved_priority);
- target_thread = binder_get_txn_from_and_acq_inner(in_reply_to);
- if (target_thread == NULL) {
- /* annotation for sparse */
- __release(&target_thread->proc->inner_lock);
- binder_txn_error("%d:%d reply target not found\n",
- thread->pid, proc->pid);
- return_error = BR_DEAD_REPLY;
- return_error_line = __LINE__;
- goto err_dead_binder;
- }
- if (target_thread->transaction_stack != in_reply_to) {
- binder_user_error("%d:%d got reply transaction with bad target transaction stack %d, expected %d\n",
- proc->pid, thread->pid,
- target_thread->transaction_stack ?
- target_thread->transaction_stack->debug_id : 0,
- in_reply_to->debug_id);
- binder_inner_proc_unlock(target_thread->proc);
- return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
- return_error_param = -EPROTO;
- return_error_line = __LINE__;
- in_reply_to = NULL;
- target_thread = NULL;
- goto err_dead_binder;
- }
- // 找到要回复的进程
- target_proc = target_thread->proc;
- target_proc->tmp_ref++;
- binder_inner_proc_unlock(target_thread->proc);
- } else {// 1. 找到要发送的目的进程
- ......
- }
- if (target_thread)
- e->to_thread = target_thread->pid;
- e->to_proc = target_proc->pid;
- /* TODO: reuse incoming transaction for reply */
- // 为binder_transcation分配内存
- t = kzalloc(sizeof(*t), GFP_KERNEL);
-
- .....
- if (!reply && !(tr->flags & TF_ONE_WAY))
- t->from = thread;
- else
- t->from = NULL;
- // 存储发送双方的基本信息
- t->from_pid = proc->pid;
- t->from_tid = thread->pid;
- t->sender_euid = task_euid(proc->tsk);
- t->to_proc = target_proc;
- t->to_thread = target_thread;
- t->code = tr->code;
- t->flags = tr->flags;
- t->priority = task_nice(current);
- ......
- t->buffer = binder_alloc_new_buf(&target_proc->alloc, tr->data_size,
- tr->offsets_size, extra_buffers_size,
- !reply && (t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY));
- ......
-
- t->buffer->debug_id = t->debug_id;
- t->buffer->transaction = t;
- t->buffer->target_node = target_node;
- t->buffer->clear_on_free = !!(t->flags & TF_CLEAR_BUF);
- trace_binder_transaction_alloc_buf(t->buffer);
-
- // 把客户端的数据拷贝到目的进程test_client mmap的内存空间
- if (binder_alloc_copy_user_to_buffer(
- &target_proc->alloc,
- t->buffer,
- ALIGN(tr->data_size, sizeof(void *)),
- (const void __user *)
- (uintptr_t)tr->data.ptr.offsets,
- tr->offsets_size)) {
- binder_user_error("%d:%d got transaction with invalid offsets ptr\n",
- proc->pid, thread->pid);
- return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
- return_error_param = -EFAULT;
- return_error_line = __LINE__;
- goto err_copy_data_failed;
- }
- ......
-
- //处理server传入的binder_io.offs数据,这个数据指向用于构建binder_node实体的 flat_binder_object
- for (buffer_offset = off_start_offset; buffer_offset < off_end_offset;
- buffer_offset += sizeof(binder_size_t)) {
- struct binder_object_header *hdr;
- size_t object_size;
- struct binder_object object;
- binder_size_t object_offset;
- binder_size_t copy_size;
-
- if (binder_alloc_copy_from_buffer(&target_proc->alloc,
- &object_offset,
- t->buffer,
- buffer_offset,
- sizeof(object_offset))) {
- binder_txn_error("%d:%d copy offset from buffer failed\n",
- thread->pid, proc->pid);
- return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
- return_error_param = -EINVAL;
- return_error_line = __LINE__;
- goto err_bad_offset;
- }
-
- /*
- * Copy the source user buffer up to the next object
- * that will be processed.
- */
- copy_size = object_offset - user_offset;
- if (copy_size && (user_offset > object_offset ||
- binder_alloc_copy_user_to_buffer(
- &target_proc->alloc,
- t->buffer, user_offset,
- user_buffer + user_offset,
- copy_size))) {
- binder_user_error("%d:%d got transaction with invalid data ptr\n",
- proc->pid, thread->pid);
- return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
- return_error_param = -EFAULT;
- return_error_line = __LINE__;
- goto err_copy_data_failed;
- }
- // 将指向flat_binder_object的指针拷贝给object
- object_size = binder_get_object(target_proc, user_buffer,
- t->buffer, object_offset, &object);
- if (object_size == 0 || object_offset < off_min) {
- binder_user_error("%d:%d got transaction with invalid offset (%lld, min %lld max %lld) or object.\n",
- proc->pid, thread->pid,
- (u64)object_offset,
- (u64)off_min,
- (u64)t->buffer->data_size);
- return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
- return_error_param = -EINVAL;
- return_error_line = __LINE__;
- goto err_bad_offset;
- }
- /*
- * Set offset to the next buffer fragment to be
- * copied
- */
- user_offset = object_offset + object_size;
-
- hdr = &object.hdr;
- off_min = object_offset + object_size;
- // 此处 binder类型的是BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE,通过handle在service_manager的binder-ref中找到hello服务的binder_node
- switch (hdr->type) {
- //处理binder实体
- case BINDER_TYPE_BINDER:
- case BINDER_TYPE_WEAK_BINDER: {
- ......
-
- } break;
- //处理binder引用
- case BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE:
- case BINDER_TYPE_WEAK_HANDLE: {
- struct flat_binder_object *fp;
-
- fp = to_flat_binder_object(hdr);
- ret = binder_translate_handle(fp, t, thread);
- if (ret < 0 ||
- binder_alloc_copy_to_buffer(&target_proc->alloc,
- t->buffer,
- object_offset,
- fp, sizeof(*fp))) {
- binder_txn_error("%d:%d translate handle failed\n",
- thread->pid, proc->pid);
- return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
- return_error_param = ret;
- return_error_line = __LINE__;
- goto err_translate_failed;
- }
- } break;
- ......
- }
- ......
- t->work.type = BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION;
- if (reply) {
- binder_enqueue_thread_work(thread, tcomplete);
- binder_inner_proc_lock(target_proc);
- if (target_thread->is_dead) {
- return_error = BR_DEAD_REPLY;
- binder_inner_proc_unlock(target_proc);
- goto err_dead_proc_or_thread;
- }
- BUG_ON(t->buffer->async_transaction != 0);
- binder_pop_transaction_ilocked(target_thread, in_reply_to);//再次出栈
- // 将数据放到客户端target_thread的todo链表
- binder_enqueue_thread_work_ilocked(target_thread, &t->work);
- target_proc->outstanding_txns++;
- binder_inner_proc_unlock(target_proc);
- // 唤醒客户端
- wake_up_interruptible_sync(&target_thread->wait);
- binder_free_transaction(in_reply_to);
- } else if (!(t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY)) {
- ......
- } else {
- ......
- }
- if (target_thread)
- binder_thread_dec_tmpref(target_thread);
- binder_proc_dec_tmpref(target_proc);
- if (target_node)
- binder_dec_node_tmpref(target_node);
- /*
- * write barrier to synchronize with initialization
- * of log entry
- */
- smp_wmb();
- WRITE_ONCE(e->debug_id_done, t_debug_id);
- return;
- ......
- }
- static void
- binder_enqueue_thread_work_ilocked(struct binder_thread *thread,
- struct binder_work *work)
- {
- WARN_ON(!list_empty(&thread->waiting_thread_node));
- binder_enqueue_work_ilocked(work, &thread->todo);
- /* (e)poll-based threads require an explicit wakeup signal when
- * queuing their own work; they rely on these events to consume
- * messages without I/O block. Without it, threads risk waiting
- * indefinitely without handling the work.
- */
- if (thread->looper & BINDER_LOOPER_STATE_POLL &&
- thread->pid == current->pid && !thread->process_todo)
- wake_up_interruptible_sync(&thread->wait);
- thread->process_todo = true;
- }
- static void
- binder_enqueue_work_ilocked(struct binder_work *work,
- struct list_head *target_list)
- {
- BUG_ON(target_list == NULL);
- BUG_ON(work->entry.next && !list_empty(&work->entry));
- list_add_tail(&work->entry, target_list);
- }
复制代码 2.4 客户端被叫醒,获取客户端binder_ref对应的handle
- handle = svcmgr_lookup(bs, svcmgr, "hello");
- uint32_t svcmgr_lookup(struct binder_state *bs, uint32_t target, const char *name)
- {
- uint32_t handle;
- unsigned iodata[512/4];
- struct binder_io msg, reply;
- bio_init(&msg, iodata, sizeof(iodata), 4);
- bio_put_uint32(&msg, 0); // strict mode header
- bio_put_string16_x(&msg, SVC_MGR_NAME);
- bio_put_string16_x(&msg, name);
-
- // ioctl到内核处理
- if (binder_call(bs, &msg, &reply, target, SVC_MGR_CHECK_SERVICE))
- return 0;
-
- // 获取引用服务binder_node的客户端binder_ref的handle
- handle = bio_get_ref(&reply);
- if (handle)
- binder_acquire(bs, handle);
- binder_done(bs, &msg, &reply);
- return handle;
- }
- uint32_t bio_get_ref(struct binder_io *bio)
- {
- struct flat_binder_object *obj;
- obj = _bio_get_obj(bio);
- if (!obj)
- return 0;
- if (obj->type == BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE)
- return obj->handle;
- return 0;
- }
复制代码 3 服务注册和获取过程的简要总结图
二、服务的利用过程内核源码剖析
上面我们通过源码分析,获得了客户端想要利用的服务的handle,下面我们接着分析,如何利用该服务。
1. 服务利用过程思路
有了之前Binder源码阅读的经验,我们直接看服务利用的思路,应该很轻易可以或许明白,我们基于这个思路举行分析源码,也更轻易明白源码。
2. 客户端利用服务内核源码剖析
2.1 向服务端发送数据
- int main(int argc, char **argv)
- {
- int fd;
- struct binder_state *bs;
- uint32_t svcmgr = BINDER_SERVICE_MANAGER;
- uint32_t handle;
- int ret;
- if (argc < 2){
- fprintf(stderr, "Usage:\n");
- fprintf(stderr, "%s <hello|goodbye>\n", argv[0]);
- fprintf(stderr, "%s <hello|goodbye> <name>\n", argv[0]);
- return -1;
- }
-
- //打开驱动
- bs = binder_open(128*1024);
- if (!bs) {
- fprintf(stderr, "failed to open binder driver\n");
- return -1;
- }
- g_bs = bs;
-
- //向service_manager发送数据,获得hello服务句柄
- handle = svcmgr_lookup(bs, svcmgr, "hello");
- if (!handle) {
- fprintf(stderr, "failed to get hello service\n");
- return -1;
- }
- g_hello_handle = handle;
- fprintf(stderr, "Handle for hello service = %d\n", g_hello_handle);
- /* 向服务端发送数据 */
- if (!strcmp(argv[1], "hello"))
- {
- if (argc == 2) {
- sayhello();
- } else if (argc == 3) {
- ret = sayhello_to(argv[2]);
- fprintf(stderr, "get ret of sayhello_to = %d\n", ret);
- }
- }
- binder_release(bs, handle);
- return 0;
- }
复制代码 1. sayhello_to
以调用服务端的sayhello_to函数为例,分析客户端利用服务的过程
- int sayhello_to(char *name)
- {
- unsigned iodata[512/4];
- struct binder_io msg, reply;
- int ret;
- int exception;
- /* 构造binder_io */
- bio_init(&msg, iodata, sizeof(iodata), 4);
- bio_put_uint32(&msg, 0); // strict mode header
- bio_put_string16_x(&msg, "IHelloService");
- /* 放入参数 */
- bio_put_string16_x(&msg, name);
- /* 调用binder_call
- msg:客户端的数据
- reply:携带服务端返回的数据
- g_hello_handle:服务端进程的handle
- HELLO_SVR_CMD_SAYHELLO_TO:要调用的服务端提供的服务
- */
- if (binder_call(g_bs, &msg, &reply, g_hello_handle, HELLO_SVR_CMD_SAYHELLO_TO))
- return 0;
-
- /* 从reply中解析出返回值 */
- exception = bio_get_uint32(&reply);
- if (exception)
- ret = -1;
- else
- ret = bio_get_uint32(&reply);
- binder_done(g_bs, &msg, &reply);
- return ret;
-
- }
复制代码 2. binder_call
binder_call函数,已经分析很多遍了,这里不再详细分析,贴下代码
- int binder_call(struct binder_state *bs,
- struct binder_io *msg, struct binder_io *reply,
- uint32_t target, uint32_t code)
- {
- int res;
- struct binder_write_read bwr;
- struct {
- uint32_t cmd;
- struct binder_transaction_data txn;
- } __attribute__((packed)) writebuf;
- unsigned readbuf[32];
- if (msg->flags & BIO_F_OVERFLOW) {
- fprintf(stderr,"binder: txn buffer overflow\n");
- goto fail;
- }
- writebuf.cmd = BC_TRANSACTION;//ioclt类型
- writebuf.txn.target.handle = target;//数据发送给哪个进程
- writebuf.txn.code = code;//调用进程的哪个函数
- writebuf.txn.flags = 0;
- writebuf.txn.data_size = msg->data - msg->data0;//数据本身大小
- writebuf.txn.offsets_size = ((char*) msg->offs) - ((char*) msg->offs0);//数据头大小,指向binder_node实体(发送端提供服务函数的地址),bio_put_obj(&msg, ptr);
- writebuf.txn.data.ptr.buffer = (uintptr_t)msg->data0;//指向数据本身内存起点
- writebuf.txn.data.ptr.offsets = (uintptr_t)msg->offs0;//指向数据头内存起点
- bwr.write_size = sizeof(writebuf);
- bwr.write_consumed = 0;
- bwr.write_buffer = (uintptr_t) &writebuf;
- hexdump(msg->data0, msg->data - msg->data0);
- for (;;) {
- bwr.read_size = sizeof(readbuf);
- bwr.read_consumed = 0;
- bwr.read_buffer = (uintptr_t) readbuf;
- res = ioctl(bs->fd, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr);//调用ioctl发送数据给驱动程序
- if (res < 0) {
- fprintf(stderr,"binder: ioctl failed (%s)\n", strerror(errno));
- goto fail;
- }
- res = binder_parse(bs, reply, (uintptr_t) readbuf, bwr.read_consumed, 0);
- if (res == 0) return 0;
- if (res < 0) goto fail;
- }
- fail:
- memset(reply, 0, sizeof(*reply));
- reply->flags |= BIO_F_IOERROR;
- return -1;
- }
复制代码 3. binder_ioctl
用户态的ioctl调用到内核Binder驱动程序binder_ioctl函数,这个函数也分析很多遍了,相信看到这儿的博友,对这些函数已经很熟悉了。
- // res = ioctl(bs->fd, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr);进入binder驱动程序
- static long binder_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
- {
- int ret;
- struct binder_proc *proc = filp->private_data;
- struct binder_thread *thread;
- void __user *ubuf = (void __user *)arg;
- /*pr_info("binder_ioctl: %d:%d %x %lx\n",
- proc->pid, current->pid, cmd, arg);*/
- binder_selftest_alloc(&proc->alloc);
- trace_binder_ioctl(cmd, arg);
- ret = wait_event_interruptible(binder_user_error_wait, binder_stop_on_user_error < 2);
- if (ret)
- goto err_unlocked;
- //为进程proc创建binder_thread
- thread = binder_get_thread(proc);
- if (thread == NULL) {
- ret = -ENOMEM;
- goto err;
- }
- switch (cmd) {
- case BINDER_WRITE_READ:
- ret = binder_ioctl_write_read(filp, arg, thread);
- if (ret)
- goto err;
- break;
- ......
- }
- ......
- }
复制代码 4. binder_ioctl_write_read
- static int binder_ioctl_write_read(struct file *filp, unsigned long arg,
- struct binder_thread *thread)
- {
- int ret = 0;
- struct binder_proc *proc = filp->private_data;
- void __user *ubuf = (void __user *)arg;
- struct binder_write_read bwr;
- //从用户空间拷贝数据到内核空间(这部分内核空间被mmap映射到了目标进程)
- if (copy_from_user(&bwr, ubuf, sizeof(bwr))) {
- ret = -EFAULT;
- goto out;
- }
- binder_debug(BINDER_DEBUG_READ_WRITE,
- "%d:%d write %lld at %016llx, read %lld at %016llx\n",
- proc->pid, thread->pid,
- (u64)bwr.write_size, (u64)bwr.write_buffer,
- (u64)bwr.read_size, (u64)bwr.read_buffer);
- if (bwr.write_size > 0) {
- ret = binder_thread_write(proc, thread,
- bwr.write_buffer,
- bwr.write_size,
- &bwr.write_consumed);
- trace_binder_write_done(ret);
- if (ret < 0) {
- bwr.read_consumed = 0;
- if (copy_to_user(ubuf, &bwr, sizeof(bwr)))
- ret = -EFAULT;
- goto out;
- }
- }
- if (bwr.read_size > 0) {
- ......
- }
- binder_debug(BINDER_DEBUG_READ_WRITE,
- "%d:%d wrote %lld of %lld, read return %lld of %lld\n",
- proc->pid, thread->pid,
- (u64)bwr.write_consumed, (u64)bwr.write_size,
- (u64)bwr.read_consumed, (u64)bwr.read_size);
- if (copy_to_user(ubuf, &bwr, sizeof(bwr))) {
- ret = -EFAULT;
- goto out;
- }
- out:
- return ret;
- }
复制代码 5. binder_thread_write
- static int binder_thread_write(struct binder_proc *proc,
- struct binder_thread *thread,
- binder_uintptr_t binder_buffer, size_t size,
- binder_size_t *consumed)
- {
- uint32_t cmd;
- struct binder_context *context = proc->context;
- // 获取数据buffer,根据上面总结的发送数据可知,这个buffer由cmd和binder_transcation_data两部分数据组成
- void __user *buffer = (void __user *)(uintptr_t)binder_buffer;
- // 发送来的数据consumed=0,因此ptr指向用户空间数据buffer的起点
- void __user *ptr = buffer + *consumed;
- // 指向数据buffer的末尾
- void __user *end = buffer + size;
- // 逐个读取客户端发送来的数据(cmd+binder_transcation_data)
- while (ptr < end && thread->return_error.cmd == BR_OK) {
- int ret;
-
- // 获取用户空间中buffer的cmd值
- if (get_user(cmd, (uint32_t __user *)ptr))
- return -EFAULT;
- // 移动指针到cmd的位置之后,指向binder_transcation_data数据的内存起点
- ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
- trace_binder_command(cmd);
- if (_IOC_NR(cmd) < ARRAY_SIZE(binder_stats.bc)) {
- atomic_inc(&binder_stats.bc[_IOC_NR(cmd)]);
- atomic_inc(&proc->stats.bc[_IOC_NR(cmd)]);
- atomic_inc(&thread->stats.bc[_IOC_NR(cmd)]);
- }
- // 根据上面总结的发送数据可知,cmd是BC_TRANSACTION
- switch (cmd) {
- ......
- /*
- BC_TRANSACTION:进程发送信息的cmd
- BR_TRANSACTION:进程接收BC_TRANSACTION发送信息的cmd
-
- BC_REPLY:进程回复信息的cmd
- BR_REPLY:进程接收BC_REPLY回复信息的cmd
- */
- case BC_TRANSACTION:
- case BC_REPLY: {
- struct binder_transaction_data tr;
-
- // 从用户空间拷贝binder_transaction_data到内核空间
- if (copy_from_user(&tr, ptr, sizeof(tr)))
- return -EFAULT;
- // 移动指针到binder_transaction_data的位置之后,指向下一个cmd数据的内存起点
- ptr += sizeof(tr);
- // 处理binder_transaction_data数据
- binder_transaction(proc, thread, &tr,
- cmd == BC_REPLY, 0);
- break;
- }
- }
- }
- ......
- }
- int get_user(int *val, const int __user *ptr) {
- if (copy_from_user(val, ptr, sizeof(int))) {
- return -EFAULT; // 返回错误码
- }
- return 0; // 成功
- }
复制代码 6. binder_transaction
这个函数也分析了很多很多遍了,这里简要分析下
- static void binder_transaction(struct binder_proc *proc,
- struct binder_thread *thread,
- struct binder_transaction_data *tr, int reply,
- binder_size_t extra_buffers_size)
- {
- int ret;
- struct binder_transaction *t;
- struct binder_work *w;
- struct binder_work *tcomplete;
- binder_size_t buffer_offset = 0;
- binder_size_t off_start_offset, off_end_offset;
- binder_size_t off_min;
- binder_size_t sg_buf_offset, sg_buf_end_offset;
- binder_size_t user_offset = 0;
- struct binder_proc *target_proc = NULL;
- struct binder_thread *target_thread = NULL;
- struct binder_node *target_node = NULL;
- struct binder_transaction *in_reply_to = NULL;
- struct binder_transaction_log_entry *e;
- uint32_t return_error = 0;
- uint32_t return_error_param = 0;
- uint32_t return_error_line = 0;
- binder_size_t last_fixup_obj_off = 0;
- binder_size_t last_fixup_min_off = 0;
- struct binder_context *context = proc->context;
- int t_debug_id = atomic_inc_return(&binder_last_id);
- ktime_t t_start_time = ktime_get();
- char *secctx = NULL;
- u32 secctx_sz = 0;
- struct list_head sgc_head;
- struct list_head pf_head;
- // 客户端发送来的数据buffer
- const void __user *user_buffer = (const void __user *)
- (uintptr_t)tr->data.ptr.buffer;
- INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sgc_head);
- INIT_LIST_HEAD(&pf_head);
- e = binder_transaction_log_add(&binder_transaction_log);
- e->debug_id = t_debug_id;
- e->call_type = reply ? 2 : !!(tr->flags & TF_ONE_WAY);
- e->from_proc = proc->pid;
- e->from_thread = thread->pid;
- e->target_handle = tr->target.handle;
- e->data_size = tr->data_size;
- e->offsets_size = tr->offsets_size;
- strscpy(e->context_name, proc->context->name, BINDERFS_MAX_NAME);
- binder_inner_proc_lock(proc);
- binder_set_extended_error(&thread->ee, t_debug_id, BR_OK, 0);
- binder_inner_proc_unlock(proc);
- if (reply) {//找到要回复的进程
- ......
- } else {
- //1. 找到要发送的目的进程
- if (tr->target.handle) {// tr->target.handle == 0 代表是service_manager进程,否则是其它进程
- struct binder_ref *ref;
- /*
- * There must already be a strong ref
- * on this node. If so, do a strong
- * increment on the node to ensure it
- * stays alive until the transaction is
- * done.
- */
- binder_proc_lock(proc);
- //根据客户端发送来的handle找到获取binder_ref
- ref = binder_get_ref_olocked(proc, tr->target.handle,
- true);
- if (ref) {
- // 根据binder_ref拿到目的进程的binder_node和binder_proc
- target_node = binder_get_node_refs_for_txn(
- ref->node, &target_proc,
- &return_error);
- } else {
- binder_user_error("%d:%d got transaction to invalid handle, %u\n",
- proc->pid, thread->pid, tr->target.handle);
- return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
- }
- binder_proc_unlock(proc);
- } else {
- //处理service_manager进程
- ......
- }
-
- ......
-
- binder_inner_proc_unlock(proc);
- }
-
- ......
-
- t->work.type = BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION;
- if (reply) {
- ......
- } else if (!(t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY)) {
- BUG_ON(t->buffer->async_transaction != 0);
- binder_inner_proc_lock(proc);
- /*
- * Defer the TRANSACTION_COMPLETE, so we don't return to
- * userspace immediately; this allows the target process to
- * immediately start processing this transaction, reducing
- * latency. We will then return the TRANSACTION_COMPLETE when
- * the target replies (or there is an error).
- */
- binder_enqueue_deferred_thread_work_ilocked(thread, tcomplete);
- t->need_reply = 1;
- t->from_parent = thread->transaction_stack;
- //入栈
- thread->transaction_stack = t;
- binder_inner_proc_unlock(proc);
- //将数据放入目的进程的binder_proc或binder_thread,并唤醒目的进程
- return_error = binder_proc_transaction(t,
- target_proc, target_thread);
- if (return_error) {
- binder_inner_proc_lock(proc);
- binder_pop_transaction_ilocked(thread, t);
- binder_inner_proc_unlock(proc);
- goto err_dead_proc_or_thread;
- }
- } else {
- ......
- }
复制代码 2.2 服务端被被叫醒,处理客户端发送的数据
服务端的binder_loop函数中有一个死循环,一直在等待数据,如今数据来了,可以开始读取和处理数据了
- int main(int argc, char **argv)
- {
- int fd;
- struct binder_state *bs;
- uint32_t svcmgr = BINDER_SERVICE_MANAGER;
- uint32_t handle;
- int ret;
- bs = binder_open(128*1024);
- if (!bs) {
- fprintf(stderr, "failed to open binder driver\n");
- return -1;
- }
- /* add service */
- ret = svcmgr_publish(bs, svcmgr, "hello", hello_service_handler);
- if (ret) {
- fprintf(stderr, "failed to publish hello service\n");
- return -1;
- }
- ret = svcmgr_publish(bs, svcmgr, "goodbye", goodbye_service_handler);
- if (ret) {
- fprintf(stderr, "failed to publish goodbye service\n");
- }
- #if 0
- while (1)
- {
- /* read data */
- /* parse data, and process */
- /* reply */
- }
- #endif
- binder_set_maxthreads(bs, 10);
-
- // 死循环等待读取客户端发送来的数据
- binder_loop(bs, test_server_handler);
- return 0;
- }
- void binder_loop(struct binder_state *bs, binder_handler func)
- {
- int res;
- struct binder_write_read bwr;
- uint32_t readbuf[32];
- bwr.write_size = 0;
- bwr.write_consumed = 0;
- bwr.write_buffer = 0;
- readbuf[0] = BC_ENTER_LOOPER;
- binder_write(bs, readbuf, sizeof(uint32_t));
-
- // 死循环等待读取客户端的数据
- for (;;) {
- bwr.read_size = sizeof(readbuf);
- bwr.read_consumed = 0;
- bwr.read_buffer = (uintptr_t) readbuf;
- // 读取客户端发送来的数据(这个内核源码过程和上面service_manager被唤醒后的过程一样,不再赘述)
- res = ioctl(bs->fd, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr);
- if (res < 0) {
- ALOGE("binder_loop: ioctl failed (%s)\n", strerror(errno));
- break;
- }
- // 解析客户端发送来的数据
- res = binder_parse(bs, 0, (uintptr_t) readbuf, bwr.read_consumed, func);
- if (res == 0) {
- ALOGE("binder_loop: unexpected reply?!\n");
- break;
- }
- if (res < 0) {
- ALOGE("binder_loop: io error %d %s\n", res, strerror(errno));
- break;
- }
- }
- }
- int binder_parse(struct binder_state *bs, struct binder_io *bio,
- uintptr_t ptr, size_t size, binder_handler func)
- {
- int r = 1;
- uintptr_t end = ptr + (uintptr_t) size;
- while (ptr < end) {
- uint32_t cmd = *(uint32_t *) ptr;
- ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
- #if TRACE
- fprintf(stderr,"%s:\n", cmd_name(cmd));
- #endif
- switch(cmd) {
- ......
- case BR_TRANSACTION: {
- struct binder_transaction_data *txn = (struct binder_transaction_data *) ptr;
- if ((end - ptr) < sizeof(*txn)) {
- ALOGE("parse: txn too small!\n");
- return -1;
- }
- binder_dump_txn(txn);
- if (func) {
- unsigned rdata[256/4];
- struct binder_io msg;
- struct binder_io reply;
- int res;
- bio_init(&reply, rdata, sizeof(rdata), 4);
- bio_init_from_txn(&msg, txn);
- // 这里的msg就是客户端发送来的数据,func是服务端的函数test_server_handler
- res = func(bs, txn, &msg, &reply);
- binder_send_reply(bs, &reply, txn->data.ptr.buffer, res);
- }
- ptr += sizeof(*txn);
- break;
- }
- ......
- }
- }
- return r;
- }
- int test_server_handler(struct binder_state *bs,
- struct binder_transaction_data *txn,
- struct binder_io *msg,
- struct binder_io *reply)
- {
- int (*handler)(struct binder_state *bs,
- struct binder_transaction_data *txn,
- struct binder_io *msg,
- struct binder_io *reply);
- handler = (int (*)(struct binder_state *bs,
- struct binder_transaction_data *txn,
- struct binder_io *msg,
- struct binder_io *reply))txn->target.ptr; // 服务端的函数指针,在向service_manager注册服务的时候写入的,此处是hello_service_handler
-
- return handler(bs, txn, msg, reply);
- }
- int hello_service_handler(struct binder_state *bs,
- struct binder_transaction_data *txn,
- struct binder_io *msg,
- struct binder_io *reply)
- {
- /* 根据txn->code知道要调用哪一个函数
- * 如果需要参数, 可以从msg取出
- * 如果要返回结果, 可以把结果放入reply
- */
- /* sayhello
- * sayhello_to
- */
-
- uint16_t *s;
- char name[512];
- size_t len;
- uint32_t handle;
- uint32_t strict_policy;
- int i;
- // Equivalent to Parcel::enforceInterface(), reading the RPC
- // header with the strict mode policy mask and the interface name.
- // Note that we ignore the strict_policy and don't propagate it
- // further (since we do no outbound RPCs anyway).
- strict_policy = bio_get_uint32(msg);
- switch(txn->code) {
- case HELLO_SVR_CMD_SAYHELLO:
- sayhello();
- bio_put_uint32(reply, 0); /* no exception */
- return 0;
- case HELLO_SVR_CMD_SAYHELLO_TO:
- /* 从msg里取出字符串 */
- s = bio_get_string16(msg, &len); //"IHelloService"
- s = bio_get_string16(msg, &len); // name
- if (s == NULL) {
- return -1;
- }
- for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
- name[i] = s[i];
- name[i] = '\0';
- /* 调用服务函数处理客户端的数据 */
- i = sayhello_to(name);
- /* 把结果放入reply */
- bio_put_uint32(reply, 0); /* no exception */
- bio_put_uint32(reply, i);
-
- break;
- default:
- fprintf(stderr, "unknown code %d\n", txn->code);
- return -1;
- }
- return 0;
- }
复制代码 2.3 客户端收到服务端处理的数据
从reply中获取服务端处理后的数据
- int sayhello_to(char *name)
- {
- unsigned iodata[512/4];
- struct binder_io msg, reply;
- int ret;
- int exception;
- /* 构造binder_io */
- bio_init(&msg, iodata, sizeof(iodata), 4);
- bio_put_uint32(&msg, 0); // strict mode header
- bio_put_string16_x(&msg, "IHelloService");
- /* 放入参数 */
- bio_put_string16_x(&msg, name);
- /* 调用binder_call */
- if (binder_call(g_bs, &msg, &reply, g_hello_handle, HELLO_SVR_CMD_SAYHELLO_TO))
- return 0;
-
- /* 从reply中解析出返回值 */
- exception = bio_get_uint32(&reply);
- if (exception)
- ret = -1;
- else
- ret = bio_get_uint32(&reply);
- binder_done(g_bs, &msg, &reply);
- return ret;
-
- }
复制代码 三、后记
自此,我们通过三篇文章完成了Binder跨进程通信的源码分析,我们深入内核去分析Binder跨进程通信实现的源码,相信通过这三篇文章,我们已经非常深入地明白了Binder跨进程通信的实现方案。其实内核的源码我们只是分析了大概,更加细节的源码没有深入分析,但我相信有了如今的基础,我们再独立去更深入的分析内核源码,应该会轻松不少,至少不会像无头苍蝇一下,无从动手。
说实话,Android Binder的内核源码分析,我自以为写的不是很好,另有很多改善空间,另有很多没有讲清楚的地方,背面我也会不停加强自己的技术本领,希望未来有一天,我会再重新写一篇更加普通易懂的Binder驱动内核源码分析。
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