PySNMP 是一个纯粹用Python实现的SNMP,用PySNMP的最抽象的API为One-line Applications,其中有两类API:同步的和非同步的,都在模块pysnmp.entity.rfc3413.oneliner.cmdgen 中实现,如下是Get方式与Walk方式的基本实现.
首先需要在系统中安装SNMP客户端,对于Linux平台来说只需要执行如下配置过程即可.- [root@localhost ~]# yum install -y net-snmp
- [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf |grep -vE "^#|^$"
- com2sec notConfigUser default public
- group notConfigGroup v1 notConfigUser
- group notConfigGroup v2c notConfigUser
- view systemview included .1
- view systemview included .1
- access notConfigGroup "" any noauth exact systemview none none
- [root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart snmpd
- [root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable snmpd
复制代码 如果是Windows系统则需要在客户机服务列表,开启SNMP支持,并设置好一个团体名称,如下图。
当我们配置好客户端后,服务端就客户获取数据了,我们以一个OID序号为例,我们查询特定序号对应的名称,然后将其记录下来,例如下面这样。- C:\Users\admin> snmpwalk -v 2c -c public 192.168.1.101 .1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.2
- HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrMemorySize.0 = INTEGER: 2096632 KBytes
复制代码 首先我们不使用PySNMP模块直接开线程调用看看,该代码如下所示.- import os,re,time
- # 通过SNMP收集主机CPU利用率: 通过SNMP协议,收集目标主机的CPU利用率(百分比),并返回JSON字符串.
- def Get_CPU_Info(addr):
- try:
- Head = ["HostName","CoreLoad","CpuUser","CpuSystem","CpuIdle"]
- CPU = []
- ret = os.popen("snmpwalk -v 2c -c nmap " + addr + " .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.5")
- CPU.append(ret.read().split(":")[3].strip())
- ret = os.popen("snmpwalk -v 2c -c nmap " + addr + " .1.3.6.1.2.1.25.3.3.1.2")
- CPU.append(ret.read().split(":")[3].strip())
- for i in [9,10,11]:
- ret = os.popen("snmpwalk -v 2c -c nmap " + addr + " 1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.11.{}.0".format(i))
- ret = ret.read()
- Info = ret.split(":")[3].strip()
- CPU.append(Info)
- return dict(zip(Head,CPU))
- except Exception:
- return 0
- # 通过SNMP获取系统CPU负载信息: 分别获取到系统的1,5,15分钟的负载信息,并返回JSON格式.
- def Get_Load_Info(addr):
- try:
- Head = ["HostName","Load1","Load5","Load15"]
- SysLoad = []
- ret = os.popen("snmpwalk -v 2c -c nmap " + addr + " .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.5")
- SysLoad.append(ret.read().split(":")[3].strip())
- ret = os.popen("snmpwalk -v 2c -c nmap " + addr + " .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.10.1.3")
- load = list(re.sub(".*STRING: ", "", ret.read()).split("\n"))
- SysLoad.append(load[0])
- SysLoad.append(load[1])
- SysLoad.append(load[2])
- return dict(zip(Head,SysLoad))
- except Exception:
- return 0
- # 通过SNMP获取系统内存占用: 内存利用率,获取到之后,将其转化为字典格式保存。
- def Get_Mem_Info(addr):
- try:
- Head = ["HostName","memTotalSwap","memAvailSwap","memTotalReal","memTotalFree"]
- SysMem = []
- ret = os.popen("snmpwalk -v 2c -c nmap " + addr + " .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.5")
- SysMem.append(ret.read().split(":")[3].strip())
- ret = os.popen("snmpwalk -v 2c -c nmap " + addr + " .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.4")
- mem = ret.read().split("\n")
- for i in [2,3,4,6]:
- SysMem.append(re.sub(".*INTEGER: ","",mem[i]).split(" ")[0])
- return dict(zip(Head,SysMem))
- except Exception:
- return 0
- # 通过SNMP获取系统磁盘数据: 这个案例并不完整,我只写了一点,后面有个问题一直没有解决.
- def Get_Disk_Info(addr):
- try:
- dic = {}
- list = []
- ret = os.popen("snmpwalk -v 2c -c nmap " + addr + " HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrStorageDescr")
- DiskName = ret.read().split("\n")
- ret =os.popen("snmpwalk -v 2c -c nmap " + addr + " HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrStorageUsed")
- DiskUsed = ret.read().split("\n")
- ret = os.popen("snmpwalk -v 2c -c nmap " + addr + " HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrStorageSize")
- DiskSize = ret.read().split("\n")
- for i in range(1,len(DiskName) - 7):
- dic["Name"]= DiskName[i + 5].split(":")[3]
- dic["Used"]= DiskUsed[i + 5].split(":")[3]
- dic["Size"]= DiskSize[i + 5].split(":")[3]
- list.append(dic)
- return list
- except Exception:
- return 0
- if __name__ == '__main__':
- for i in range(100):
- dic = Get_CPU_Info("192.168.1.20")
- print(dic)
- time.sleep(1)
复制代码 我们使用pysnmp模块来做,安装pysnmp很简单,执行命令pip install pysnmp 即可,安装后使用以下代码执行即可获取到目标数据,获取方式分为两种一种为Get另一种为Walk.- from pysnmp.hlapi import *
- import os,sys
- class NetSNMP():
- def __init__(self,address,region):
- self.region = region
- self.address = address
- # 获取指定数据的方法
- def GetNumber(self,oid,sub_oid,sub_id):
- iterator = getCmd(SnmpEngine(),
- CommunityData(self.region),
- UdpTransportTarget((self.address, 161)),
- ContextData(),
- ObjectType(ObjectIdentity(oid, sub_oid, sub_id)))
- errorIndication, errorStatus, errorIndex, varBinds = next(iterator)
- if errorIndication:
- return False
- else:
- if errorStatus:
- return False
- else:
- for varBind in varBinds:
- return [x.prettyPrint() for x in varBind]
- # 使用Walk拉取数据
- def WalkNumber(self, oid):
- res = []
- for (errorIndication, errorStatus, errorIndex, varBinds) in nextCmd(SnmpEngine(),
- CommunityData(self.region),UdpTransportTarget((self.address, 161)),ContextData(),
- ObjectType(ObjectIdentity(oid)).addMibSource(
- './site-packages/pysnmp/smi/mibs','pysnmp_mibs'),lexicographicMode=False):
- if errorIndication:
- print(errorIndication, file=sys.stderr)
- break
- elif errorStatus:
- print('%s at %s' % (errorStatus.prettyPrint(),
- errorIndex and varBinds[int(errorIndex) - 1][0] or '?'),
- file=sys.stderr)
- break
- else:
- for varBind in varBinds:
- res.append(str(varBind))
- return res
- if __name__ == "__main__":
- # 初始化
- ptr = NetSNMP("192.168.81.130","public")
- # 使用GET方式获取OID数据
- ret = ptr.GetNumber("HOST-RESOURCES-MIB","hrMemorySize",0)
- print("类型: {} --> 返回结果: {} --> 解析: {}".format(type(ret),ret,ret[1]))
- # 使用Walk方式获取OID数据
- ret = ptr.WalkNumber(".1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.6")
- for each in ret:
- mac = each.split("=")[1]
- if len(mac) > 1:
- print("网卡接口: {}".format(mac))
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